Kodi mwana wanu nthawi zonse amasokonezeka m'dziko la malingaliro, osamvetsera maphunziro a m'kalasi kusukulu? Kodi amathamangathamanga ndipo sangathe kusunga maganizo ake pamalo amodzi atapatsidwa homuweki? Kapena nthawi zonse amasokonezeka akalephera kukhala pamalo amodzi? Mukawona zinthu ngati izi, mwina munaganizapo kuti, "Kodi izi ndi vuto lotchedwa ADHD?" Anthu ena amatchanso kuti ADD. Kodi ADD ndi ADHD ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa ziwirizi? Mwina inunso mwakhala ndi vuto lamtunduwu kuyambira muli mwana ndipo mwina simunazindikire. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi momveka bwino lero.
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ADD ndi ADHD: Kodi pali kusiyana kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu. Mayina onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza vuto lomwelo. Koma madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito mawu oti 'ADD'. Ndi mawu akale komanso akale. Mungamvebe anthu akunena kuti ADD, koma si matenda ovomerezeka. Masiku ano, ngati munthu wapezeka ndi zizindikiro za ADD, amaikidwa m'gulu la mitundu itatu ya ADHD.
Kale, chomwe tsopano timachitcha ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) chinkatchedwa ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Komanso, madokotala tsopano akudziwa kuti vutoli silimangochitika paubwana wokha, koma limatha kupitirira mpaka munthu atakula.
Kodi mayina awa adasintha bwanji?
Mbiri ya izi ndi yosavuta. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, buku lalikulu lomwe limagawa matenda amisala, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), linapatsa vutoli dzina lakuti 'attention deficit disorder', kapena 'ADD'. Panthawiyo, linagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri - yokhala ndi kupanikizika kwambiri komanso yopanda.
Koma mu 1987, madokotala anasintha dzinalo kukhala ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Kenako mu 1994, vutoli linagawidwanso m'magulu atatu akuluakulu. Timagwiritsabe ntchito gulu limenelo mpaka pano.
Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ADHD ndi makhalidwe awo
ADHD ndi matenda omwe amakhudza ntchito ya ubongo. Amatha kukhudza momwe mwana amagwirira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, kunyumba komanso kusukulu. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli amavutika kulabadira, kulamulira khalidwe lawo, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri.
ADHD imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu. Tiyeni tiwone mitundu itatu iyi ndi zizindikiro zake mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Mtundu wa ADHD | Makhalidwe ndi machitidwe ofunikira |
|---|---|
| 1. Kupereka Mosaganizira Kwambiri (Izi zinkatchedwa kale ADD) | Ana awa savutika kwambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuwazindikira. Angawoneke ngati amanyazi komanso "ali m'dziko lawo." |
| 2. Kuwonetsera Kwambiri Kogwira Ntchito Mopitirira Muyeso | Ana awa ali ndi mphamvu zambiri. Sangathe kukhala pamalo amodzi, nthawi zonse amakhala paulendo. Izi zimaonekera mosavuta kwa ena.
|
| 3. Kufotokozera Kophatikizana | Ana awa ali ndi makhalidwe ofanana ndi a mitundu yonse iwiri yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, amatha kuonedwa ngati otanganidwa kwambiri komanso osaganizira bwino . Amavutika kumvetsera, ndipo nthawi zonse amayenda mozungulira, osatha kukhala pamalo amodzi. |
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Check Availability →Kodi ADHD imapezedwa bwanji?
Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe angakuthandizeni kudziwa ngati muli ndi ADHD kapena ayi.Izi zikutanthauza kuti izi sizingadziwike nthawi yomweyo poyesa magazi kapena kusanthula.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ngati muli ndi vuto ndi khalidwe la mwana wanu, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake, monga dokotala wa ana kapena wamisala.
Dokotala amatsatira njira zingapo kuti adziwe vutoli:
- Kusonkhanitsa chidziwitso: Dokotala adzakufunsani inu, aphunzitsi a mwanayo, ndi akuluakulu ena omwe amamudziwa bwino mwanayo za khalidwe la mwana wanu mwatsatanetsatane.
- Kuyerekeza khalidwe: Khalidwe la mwana limayerekezeredwa ndi khalidwe la ana ena a msinkhu womwewo.
- Kupewa matenda ena: Nthawi zina zizindikiro zomwe zimawoneka ngati ADHD zimatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda ena. Mwachitsanzo:
- Mavuto ogona
- Nkhawa ndi Kuvutika Maganizo
- Zovuta pakuphunzira
- Kusintha kwakukulu m'banja (kusudzulana, imfa)
- Mavuto a chithokomiro
- Khunyu losaoneka (Kugwidwa)
Chifukwa chake, dokotalayo amafika pamlingo womaliza ataganizira zonsezi. Nthawi zina, mayeso apadera monga (NEBA) System, yomwe imayesa mafunde a ubongo, angagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma izi zimachitikanso ngati gawo la kafukufuku wathunthu wachipatala.
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pozindikira matenda
Kuti zizindikirozi zidziwike kuti zili ndi ADHD, ziyenera kuti zakhalapo kwa nthawi ndithu.
- Zizindikiro ziyenera kukhalapo kwa miyezi yosachepera 6 .
- Zizindikiro zina ziyenera kuti zinayamba munthu asanakwanitse zaka 12 .
- Makhalidwe amenewa ayenera kuwoneka m'malo awiri kapena kuposerapo (monga kunyumba ndi kusukulu).
- Makhalidwe amenewa ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa moyo wa mwana, ntchito yake ya kusukulu, kapena zochita zina.
Kodi akuluakulu nawonso angakhale ndi ADHD?
Inde, ndithudi. ADHD si chinthu chomwe chimachitika paubwana wokha. Anthu ambiri omwe anali ndi ADHD ali ana amapitirizabe kukhala ndi vutoli mpaka atakula. Nthawi zina, makolo akamayesa kupeza mwana wawo ndi ADHD, amazindikira kuti nawonso ali ndi zizindikiro zomwezo. Ngati ndinu wamkulu ndipo mukuganiza kuti mwina muli ndi ADHD, sikuchedwa kwambiri kupita kwa dokotala wa matenda amisala kuti mudziwe.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- ADD ndi dzina lakale lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za matenda a ADHD. Mawu olondola azachipatala omwe alipo pano ndi ADHD.
- ADHD imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu: mtundu wosaganizira, mtundu wochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso/wosaganizira bwino, ndi mtundu wosakanikirana, womwe ndi kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri.
- Ngati mwana akukayikiridwa kuti ali ndi ADHD, ndikofunikira kuona ngati zizindikirozo zilipo kunyumba komanso kusukulu.
- Pewani kudziyesa nokha. Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD, onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni malangizo oyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera.
- ADHD ndi vuto lomwe limayamba ali mwana ndikupitirira mpaka munthu wamkulu. Lingathe kupezeka ndi kuchiritsidwa pa msinkhu uliwonse.
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