Kodi mumavutikanso kumvetsera mukakula? Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda a ADHD a akuluakulu (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Kodi nthawi zina zimakuvutani kuyang'ana pa ntchito imodzi? Kapena mumachita chinthu nthawi imodzi osaganizira bwino musanachite? Mwina nthawi zonse mumakhala osakhazikika ndipo simungathe kukhala pamalo amodzi. Ngati zinthuzi zikukhudza moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, ntchito, ndi maubwenzi anu, mwina ndi vuto lomwe tikukamba lero lotchedwa ADHD ya akuluakulu . Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri salidziwa bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule.

Kodi ADHD ya akuluakulu ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, ADHD ya akuluakulu (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ndi vuto la kukula kwa mitsempha lomwe limakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi kuvutika kusunga chidwi, kusachita zinthu mopupuluma, komanso nthawi zina kuchita zinthu mopupuluma. Izi si ulesi wanu, kapena vuto la umunthu wanu. Ili ndi vuto lodziwika bwino ndi madokotala.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti ADHD si chinthu chomwe chimayamba mwadzidzidzi munthu akakula. Si akuluakulu onse omwe ali ndi ADHD omwe akhala ndi vutoli kuyambira ali ana. Ena amapezeka ali ana, pomwe ena amapezeka ali akuluakulu. Ngakhale kuti ana ambiri amakula akamakula, pafupifupi 60% ya anthu amapitiriza kukhala ndi zizindikirozi mpaka akakula. Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a vutoli, limatha kuthetsedwa bwino ndikukhala moyo wabwinobwino ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kasamalidwe kake.

Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?

Si anthu onse omwe ali ndi ADHD omwe ali ofanana. Zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana pakati pa munthu ndi munthu. Kwa anthu ena, zizindikirozi zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wawo watsiku ndi tsiku, pomwe kwa ena, sizingawonekere nkomwe. Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zingawonekere.

Taganizirani izi, mukakhala ndi chinthu chomwe mumakonda kuchita, mutha kuchiganizira, koma pankhani ya ntchito yosasangalatsa, maganizo anu sapita kulikonse. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ADHD amakumana nacho.

Kodi pali mitundu ikuluikulu ya ADHD?

Inde, ADHD imagawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu.

1. ADHD yosaganizira: Vuto lalikulu la anthuwa ndi kusayang'anira. Amavutika kukonza ntchito, kukumbukira komwe zinthu zili, komanso kutsatira malangizo. Komabe, kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso sikuonekera kwambiri. Izi kale zinkatchedwa ADD ( attention deficit disorder).

2. ADHD Yochita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso/Yosakhazikika: Khalidwe lalikulu la anthu awa ndilakuti sakhazikika ndipo amachita zinthu mosaganiza. Nthawi zonse amakhala osakhazikika, amalankhula kwambiri, komanso alibe kuleza mtima.

3. ADHD yophatikizana: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Anthu awa ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku mitundu yonse iwiri yomwe ili pamwambapa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ali ndi kusaganizira bwino komanso kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso.

Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti? Kodi maganizo olakwika ndi ati?

Asayansi sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa ADHD. Koma kafukufuku wasonyeza momveka bwino kuti imachitika m'mabanja . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu, makamaka kholo kapena m'bale wanu, ali ndi ADHD, inunso muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mudwale ADHD.

Zapezekanso kuti anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD ali ndi kusiyana kwina pa kapangidwe ka ubongo ndi ntchito ya mankhwala (neurotransmitters) omwe amatumiza mauthenga pakati pa maselo a mitsempha.

Zinthu zomwe zingachititse kuti mwana adwale ndi monga kumwa mowa, fodya, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo panthawi ya mimba, kuvulala muubongo, komanso kubadwa ndi mwana wosakwana kulemera koyenera.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi ADHD?

Vutoli ndi lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Palibe njira imodzi yodziwira ADHD. Izi zikutanthauza kuti silingadziwike ndi mayeso a magazi kapena scan. Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi ADHD, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikupita kwa dokotala wa matenda amisala yemwe ali ndi luso pankhaniyi.

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchita zinthu izi:

• Kuyezetsa kwathunthu kwa dokotala kuti muwone ngati pali chifukwa china chakuthupi cha zizindikiro zanu.
• Kufunsa za ubwana wanu. Popeza ADHD simangokulirakulira mukakhala wamkulu, timayang'ana zizindikiro zomwe zinalipo kuyambira ali mwana.
• Kupempha kuti muwone lipoti lanu la sukulu (monga zolemba kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi zokhudza kusowa chidwi, mavuto a khalidwe)
• Kulankhula ndi makolo anu ndikufunsa za khalidwe lanu monga mwana.
• Kufunsa ngati pali wina aliyense m'banjamo amene ali ndi vutoli.

Poganizira zonsezi, dokotala adzatsimikiza ngati muli ndi ADHD kapena ayi.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

ADHD sichitha kuchiritsidwa ndi njira imodzi yokha yochizira. Kawirikawiri, dongosolo la chithandizo limapangidwa mwa kuphatikiza njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi: mankhwala, chithandizo cha khalidwe, ndi uphungu.

Mankhwala

Mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa zizindikiro za ADHD.

1. Zolimbikitsa: Izi ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala monga `Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta).` Izi zimalamulira zizindikiro mwa kulinganiza mankhwala omwe ali muubongo okhudzana ndi chidwi ndi kuwongolera. Komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito izi, muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola.

2. Zosalimbikitsa: Mankhwala monga `Atomoxetine` ali mgulu ili. Izi ndizovomerezeka kwa anthu omwe sali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zolimbikitsa kapena omwe ali ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo.

Mankhwala ndi Chithandizo cha Khalidwe

Zinthu zimenezi n’zofunika kwambiri monga mankhwala.

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): Izi zimakuthandizani kusintha kaganizidwe kanu, makhalidwe anu, komanso momwe mumathanirana ndi mavuto. Zingakuthandizeninso kudzidalira.
• Kusinkhasinkha mwanzeru: Zinthu izi zimathandiza kukhazika mtima pansi ndikuwonjezera chidwi.
• Kuphunzitsa za moyo: Izi zimakuthandizani kukonza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, kukhazikitsa zolinga, ndikuzikwaniritsa.
• Uphungu wa Banja: Kuthandiza banja lanu kumvetsetsa ADHD ndikukuthandizani.

Zinthu Zomwe Mungachite Kuti Mukhale ndi ADHD

Kuwonjezera pa chithandizo, palinso zinthu zambiri zomwe mungachite nokha kuti moyo wanu ukhale wosavuta.

• Konzani tsiku lanu: Pangani mndandanda wa zochita musanayambe tsiku lanu. Gwiritsani ntchito 'dongosolo la tsiku ndi tsiku' kapena 'pulogalamu yokumbutsa'.
• Gawani ntchito zazikulu m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono: Mukayamba kugwira ntchito yaikulu mwadzidzidzi, imatha kuoneka ngati yolemetsa. Choncho igawani m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono ndipo malizitsani chimodzi ndi chimodzi.
• Chepetsani zosokoneza: Mukagwira ntchito, zimitsani zinthu monga TV ndi foni ndipo sankhani malo opanda phokoso.
• Kuchita Masewera Olimbitsa Thupi: Ngakhale kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi pang'ono tsiku lililonse kungathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro za ADHD. Kumatulutsa mphamvu zambiri m'thupi lanu ndikutonthoza maganizo anu.
• Ganizirani musanapange zisankho mopupuluma: Musanachitepo kanthu mopupuluma, imani kaye ndipo werengani mpaka 10. Mkati mwa nthawi yochepa imeneyo, mutha kulamulira chilakolako chanu.
• Yesetsani kunena 'ayi': Anthu omwe ali ndi ADHD nthawi zina amachita zinthu zambiri kuposa zomwe angathe kuchita. Choncho khalani oona mtima pa zomwe mungathe kuchita ndipo yesetsani kunena 'ayi' pa zomwe simungathe kuchita.
• Dzipatseni mphatso: Mukamaliza ntchito yovuta, dzipatseni mphatso yaying'ono ndipo muziyamikira. Izi zidzakupangitsani kukhala ndi chikhumbo chochita ntchito yotsatira.
• Pemphani thandizo: Musayese kuchita chilichonse nokha. Mukatopa kwambiri, pemphani thandizo kwa mnzanu wodalirika, wachibale wanu, kapena dokotala wanu.