Kodi nthawi zambiri mumadzipeza mukuganiza kuti, "Mwana wanga sangathe kukhala chete kwa mphindi imodzi?" Amangokhalira kuthamanga uku ndi uku, kudumphadumpha, kuvutika kumvera malangizo, kapena kulephera kumaliza ntchito yomwe wayamba. Makolo akaona khalidweli mwa mwana wamng'ono, nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi kungokhala chete. Ngakhale kuti n'zoona kuti si khalidwe lililonse lochita zinthu mopitirira muyeso lomwe ndi vuto lachipatala, ngati khalidweli likupitirira ndikuyamba kusokoneza maphunziro a mwana wanu, maubwenzi ake, kapena moyo wabanja, ndi nthawi yoti muzindikire. Makhalidwe amenewa akhoza kukhala zizindikiro za ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) .
Kodi ADHD ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, ADHD ndi vuto la kukula kwa ubongo lomwe limakhudza kukula ndi magwiridwe antchito a ubongo wa mwana. Sizimachitika chifukwa cha ulesi wa mwana wanu, komanso sizimasonyeza kuti makolo ake ndi osaleredwa bwino. Ana omwe ali ndi vutoli nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi kulamulira chidwi chawo, kukhala chete, komanso kulamulira machitidwe osaganizira bwino.
Zizindikiro za ADHD nthawi zambiri zimaonekera bwino ali mwana, makamaka ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 6 ndi 7. Komabe, ana ena amatha kusonyeza zizindikirozi kale, ali ana aang'ono, ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 2 ndi 3.
Pali magulu atatu akuluakulu a ADHDZizindikiro. Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro kuchokera m'gulu limodzi lokha, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana ochokera m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Tiyeni tifufuze zomwe izi ndi.
| Gulu la Zizindikiro | Makhalidwe Amene Mungazindikire mwa Mwana Wanu |
|---|---|
| 1. Kusaganizira bwino |
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| 2. Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso |
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| 3. Kusachita zinthu mopupuluma |
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Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti si ana onse omwe amasonyeza zizindikirozi mofanana. Ena angasonyeze zizindikiro za kusaganizira bwino (zomwe kale zinkatchedwa ADD), pomwe ena angasonyeze kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso komanso kusachita zinthu mopitirira muyeso. Komabe, ambiri amakhala ndi zizindikiro zonsezi (Combined Type).
Kodi ubongo wa mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD ndi wosiyana?
Inde. Njira yothandiza yoganizira izi ndi kuganiza ubongo ngati wowongolera magalimoto mumzinda wotanganidwa. Mu ubongo wamba—wotchedwa zachipatalawamisala —wolamulira uyu amasamalira bwino zizindikiro, kusunga malingaliro ndi zochita mwadongosolo komanso motsatira nthawi.
Komabe, mwa mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD, "wolamulira magalimoto" uyu amalephera mosavuta. Nthawi zina wolamulirayo amataya chidwi, zizindikiro sizingagwire ntchito bwino, kapena magalimoto amapitirira kuyenda pamene ziyenera kuyima. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ana awa amavutika ndi chisamaliro chokhazikika, kulamulira maganizo, kukonzekera, ndi kumaliza ntchito.
Kodi muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala liti?
Musachite mantha ngati mwana wanu akusonyeza chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikiro zimenezi nthawi zina. N’zachibadwa kuti ana azikhala ndi mphamvu kapena osokonezeka maganizo nthawi zina.
Komabe, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala ngati:
- Makhalidwe amenewa akhalapo kwa nthawi yoposa miyezi 6 .
- Makhalidwe amenewa amawonedwa m'malo awiri kapena angapo (monga kunyumba komanso kusukulu).
- Makhalidwe amenewa amasokoneza bwino momwe mwana wanu amaphunzirira, ubale wake ndi anthu ena, komanso moyo wa m'banja .
Dokotala Wanu Wabanja kapena Dokotala Wamkulu akhoza kuwunika mwana wanu kuti apewe zinthu zina (monga mavuto a maso kapena kumva, kapena mavuto ena ophunzirira). Ngati pakufunika kutero, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri, monga Dokotala wa Matenda a Maganizo a Ana kapena Katswiri wa Zamaganizo .
Kodi mphunzitsi angazindikire ADHD?
Kawirikawiri, aphunzitsi ndi omwe amayamba kuzindikira zizindikiro za ADHD chifukwa amakhala tsiku lonse ndi mwana wanu m'kalasi. Ngati khalidwe la mwana wanu likusiyana kwambiri ndi la anzawo, mphunzitsi angazindikire ndipo angakuuzeni.
Komabe, kumbukirani kuti mphunzitsi sangathe kuzindikira ADHD. Dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito yake ndi amene angachite zimenezo. Komabe, zomwe mphunzitsi amawona ndi malipoti ake ndizofunikira kwambiri panthawi yowunika.
Chithandizo ndi momwe mungathandizire mwana wanu
Matenda a ADHD sangachiritsidwe mwachikhalidwe, koma ndi vuto losavuta kulithetsa. Ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wosangalala komanso wopambana.
Njira zochiritsira nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
1. Chithandizo cha Khalidwe: Kudzera mwa katswiri wa zamaganizo kapena mlangizi, makolo ndi ana amaphunzira njira zenizeni zoyendetsera machitidwe, kupititsa patsogolo luso lawo lokonza zinthu, kulamulira malingaliro awo, komanso kumanga ubale ndi anthu.
2. Mankhwala: Ngati pakufunika, katswiri angapereke mankhwala omwe amathandiza kulimbitsa mitsempha ya ubongo. Mankhwalawa angathandize kwambiri mwana kuti aziyang'ana bwino komanso kuti azilamulira maganizo ake. Musamaope kwambiri mankhwala amenewa; m'malo mwake, kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za mankhwalawo.
Zimene mungachite monga kholo
- Gwirizanani ndi sukulu:Khalani pafupi ndi aphunzitsi a mwana wanu kuti muwone momwe akuyendera. Gwirani ntchito limodzi kuti mukhazikitse malamulo ogwirizana komanso njira yopezera mphotho kunyumba komanso mkalasi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphunzitsi alemba nyenyezi m'buku lake chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino, mutha kupereka mphothoyo ndi mphatso yaying'ono kunyumba.
- Khazikitsani ndondomeko yokhazikika: Pangani ndondomeko yodziwikiratu ya tsiku ndi tsiku ya chakudya, nthawi yosewera, nthawi yogona, ndi maola ophunzirira. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapereka chitetezo chofunikira komanso kukhazikika kwa mwana wanu.
- Perekani malangizo osavuta: Pewani kumupatsa mwana wanu malamulo ambiri nthawi imodzi. M'malo mwake, gawani ntchitozo m'njira zosavuta, zomveka bwino, komanso payekhapayekha.
- Limbikitsani mwana wanu: Yang'anani kwambiri pa kulimbikitsa kwabwino. Ngakhale kupambana pang'ono kumafunika kuyamikiridwa, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kulimbitsa chidaliro cha mwana wanu komanso kudzidalira.
- Khalani ndi chidziwitso: Tengani nthawi yowerenga ndikuphunzira za ADHD. Kumbukirani kuti simuli nokha paulendowu. Ngati mukuona kuti mukufunikira, funsani magulu othandizira kapena makolo ena omwe akukumana ndi zokumana nazo zofanana.
Kulera mwana yemwe ali ndi ADHD kungakhale kovuta, koma ndi kuleza mtima, chikondi, ndi chidziwitso choyenera, mutha kuthandiza mwana wanu kuti apite patsogolo. Nirogi Lanka ali pano kuti akuthandizeni.
Mfundo Zofunika Kwambiri
- ADHD si vuto la khalidwe lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kusabereka bwino; ndi vuto lachipatala lodziwika bwino.
- Si makhalidwe onse omwe ali ndi ADHD. Komabe, ngati zizindikiro za mwana wanu zikupitirira kusokoneza moyo wake watsiku ndi tsiku, ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.
- Kuti mupeze matenda oyenera komanso njira yochizira, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wa ana kapena dokotala wa matenda amisala a ana .
- Ndi njira zoyenera zochiritsira, chithandizo chamankhwala, ndi chithandizo chokhazikika, ADHD imatha kuyendetsedwa bwino, zomwe zimathandiza mwana wanu kukhala ndi moyo wachimwemwe, wathanzi, komanso wopambana.
- Kugwirira ntchito limodzi n'kofunika kwambiri—makolo, akatswiri azaumoyo, ndi aphunzitsi ayenera kugwira ntchito limodzi kuti atsimikizire kuti mwana wanu akupeza zotsatira zabwino.
ADHD, Matenda Osakhudzidwa ndi Kusakhazikika Maganizo, Ana, Thanzi Lamaganizo, Khalidwe la Ana, Kusasamala, Kusachita Zinthu Mopitirira Muyeso, Matenda a Maganizo a Ana
