N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imachitika?

Khansa ndi mawu omwe amaopseza anthu ambiri m'dziko lamakono. Koma si chinsinsi kwenikweni. Khansa ndi zotsatira za zochitika zina zosokoneza zomwe zimachitika mumzinda waukulu wotchedwa thupi lathu. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona momwe malamulo a mzinda wathu amasweka komanso momwe matenda a khansa amachitikira.

Thupi lathu lili ngati mzinda wotsatira malamulo!

Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone thupi lathu ngati kuti ndi mzinda wolamulidwa bwino komanso wotsatira malamulo.

Nzika za mzinda: Ma cell

Anthu mamiliyoni ambiri okhala mumzindawu amatchedwa maselo. Maselo onsewa ali ndi ntchito yakeyake. Ndipo pali dongosolo, lamulo, lomwe ayenera kugwira ntchito: nthawi yoti akule, nthawi yoti apange nzika zatsopano (maselo atsopano) (Cell Division), nthawi yoti apume pantchito atamaliza moyo wawo wautumiki (Programmed Cell Death - Apoptosis). Zonsezi zimachitika motsatira dongosolo lokhazikika.

Buku la malamulo a mzinda: DNA

DNA ndi buku lalikulu la malamulo lomwe limalamula momwe mzinda wonsewu umagwirira ntchito, zomwe nzika iliyonse (selo) iyenera kuchita ndi zomwe siyenera kuchita. Selo lililonse limagwira ntchito motsatira malangizo omwe ali m'buku la DNA ili.

Zolakwa mu Buku la Malamulo: Kusintha kwa Masinthidwe

Koma, nthawi zina zolakwika zimatha kuchitika m'buku lalikulu la malamulo. Monga chilembo kapena liwu m'buku lomwe silinalembedwe. Timatcha zolakwika izi m'buku la malamulo a DNA kuti "masinthidwe."

Kodi Zolakwa Izi Zimachitika Bwanji?

Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe buku la malamulo ili ndi lolakwika:

1. Zolakwika zongochitika mwangozi: Popanga nzika zatsopano (maselo) mumzinda, zolakwika zazing'ono zimatha kuchitika mwadzidzidzi pokopera buku la malamulo (DNA).
2. Zinthu zina zakunja ( Carcinogens ): Zinthu zina zakunja zingawonongenso buku la malamulo. Monga inki ikugwa, masamba akuyaka, ndi zilembo zikutha. Zinthu zakunja zomwe zimawononga buku la malamuloli timazitcha " Carcinogens ." (Tidzakambirana za izi mwatsatanetsatane pambuyo pake).

Apolisi a Mzinda: Njira Zokonzera DNA

Mwamwayi, mzinda wathu uli ndi gulu la apolisi aluso (majini okhudzana ndi DNA Repair Mechanisms). Ntchito yawo ndi kupeza ndi kukonza zolakwika m'buku la malamulo (DNA) zikangochitika. Nthawi zambiri, apolisi awa amakonza zolakwikazo. Koma nthawi zina, ngati chiwerengero cha zolakwika chikuwonjezeka, kapena ngati apolisi (majini okonzanso) okha awonongeka, zolakwikazi sizingakonzedwe.

Mmene Kupanduka kwa Khansa Kumayambira

Apa ndi pomwe vuto limayambira. Pamene kusintha kwa zinthu m'buku la malamulo kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo malamulo awiri ofunikira kwambiri olamulira mzindawu akuphwanyidwa, nzika zina (maselo) zimayamba kupanduka.

Kuswa Malamulo Awiri Ofunika

Malamulo awiri akuluakulu omwe amaswedwa ndi awa:

1. Lamulo lomwe limalamulira chizindikiro kuti chiyambe kumanga (kugawa maselo).
2. Lamulo limaletsa kumanga kosafunikira kapena kosayenera.

"Musayimitse ntchito yomanga!" Kugundana kwa zizindikiro (Oncogenes)

Pali mkulu wa mzinda amene amapereka chizindikiro chakuti "yambani kumanga" (yambani kugawa maselo) (majini abwinobwino a izi ndi ma proto-oncogenes). Chifukwa cha cholakwika m'buku la malamulo a DNA, chizindikiro cha mkuluyu chatsekedwa, ndipo akupitiriza kufuula kuti "Yambani kumanga! Mangani zambiri! Mangani zambiri!" (majini olakwika awa ndi ma oncogenes). Zili ngati kuponda accelerator ya galimoto ndipo imatsekeka! Choncho maselo amayamba kugawikana osaima.

Kuswa chizindikiro cha "Siyani kapangidwe kolakwika!" (Gene Loletsa Chotupa)

Komanso, nyumba zikamamangidwa mosafunikira mumzinda, pali mkulu wina amene amati "Imani!", amatumiza magulu okonza (Kukonza DNA) ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse pa ntchito yomanga, ndipo ngati sizingatheke, amalamula kuti nyumbayo igwetsedwe ( Apoptosis - kufa kwa maselo) (majini okhudzana ndi izi ndi majini oletsa kutupa). Chifukwa cha zolakwika za DNA zimenezo, chizindikiro cha mkuluyu "Imani!" chimasiya kugwira ntchito. Monga momwe mabuleki a galimoto amasiya kugwira ntchito akakalamba!

Zotsatira za maselo kuswa malamulo: Khansa Yotupa

Tangoganizirani, chimachitika ndi chiyani pamene accelerator yaima ndipo mabuleki asiya kugwira ntchito?

Zomangamanga Zosaloledwa Zosalamulirika

• Nzika (maselo) zikupitirizabe kugawikana popanda kusiya, kuswa malamulo.
• Ngakhale zitalakwika, sizingakonzedwe.
• Amapitiriza kukhalapo popanda kupuma (kufa - apoptosis) panthawi yoyenera.

Magulu a maselo amenewa omwe amaswa malamulo ndikugawikana ndikukula pamodzi mosafunikira ndi omwe timawatcha "zotupa." Ali ngati nyumba zomwe zikumangidwa popanda chilolezo mumzinda.

Zotupa Zabwino ndi Zoopsa

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mapangidwe osaloledwa awa (zotupa):

• Ziphuphu Zabwino: Anthu amene amaswa lamulo pamalo amodzi: Anthu amenewa ali ngati anthu amene amaswa lamulo ndikumanga nyumba yaying'ono yosaloledwa pamalo amodzi. Imakhazikika pomwe idapangidwira, ndipo siifalikira kumizinda ina. Koma kutengera komwe ili (monga kutseka msewu), ikhoza kukhala vuto pang'ono.
• Ziphuphu Zoopsa: Zigawenga zomwe zikusokoneza mzinda: Awa ndi anthu oopsa kwambiri! Samangoima pa ntchito yomanga mosaloledwa. Amagwetsanso makoma a dziko lawo (kuukira) ndikudumphira m'malo omwe akukhala.

Kufalikira kwa zigawenga: Kuukira ndi Kufalikira kwa Matenda

Matenda otupa awa samangothera pamenepo.

Kugonjetsa malo olandidwa: Kuukira

Maselo opanduka amenewo (Maselo a khansa amaswa malire a komwe adachokera (chiwalo) ndikulowa m'thupi lathanzi lozungulira ndi nthaka (kuukira).

Makoloni atsopano m'mizinda yakutali: Metastasis

Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti, maselo opandukawa amayenda m'misewu ikuluikulu ya mzinda (mitsempha yamagazi) ndi m'misewu ya m'mbali (mitsempha ya lymphatic), ndipo amapitanso kumadera akutali a mzinda (ziwalo zina za thupi - mapapo, chiwindi , ubongo, ndi zina zotero), komwe amakhazikitsa madera atsopano osaloledwa (zotupa zachiwiri kapena metastases). Izi zimatchedwa "metastasis". Iyi ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri la khansa.

Zinthu Zakunja Zomwe Zimakhudza Chiwopsezo cha Khansa

Tiyeni tsopano tiwone zinthu zakunja (zoyambitsa khansa) zomwe zimawononga buku la malamulo (DNA) lomwe tidalankhula kale. Izi ndi zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa.

Zinthu Zomwe Zimawononga Buku la Malamulo la Mzinda

• Fodya: Monga kutentha buku la malamulo: Ndudu, beedi, utsi wa ndudu, ndi fodya wotafuna (nthawi zina ndi betel) ndi adani akuluakulu omwe amawononga kwambiri buku la malamulo (DNA). Ichi ndi chomwe chimayambitsa khansa zambiri monga mapapo, pakamwa, ndi pakhosi.
• Mowa: Monga cholepheretsa apolisi: Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso sikuti kumawononga lamulo mwachisawawa, komanso kumasokoneza njira zochiritsira thupi. Kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa monga chiwindi, pakhosi, ndi mawere.
• Zakudya Zosapatsa Thanzi ndi Kunenepa Kwambiri : Monga kufooketsa zomangamanga za mzinda: zakudya zopanda ulusi wambiri, zokonzedwa komanso zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri/shuga, kusowa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, komanso kunenepa kwambiri kumakhudza thanzi la mzinda wonse komanso kukhazikika kwa malamulo, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zina (monga khansa ya m'matumbo).
• Kutulutsa kuwala ndi mankhwala: Monga kufufuta zilembo m'buku la malamulo: Kuwala kwa dzuwa koopsa (UV radiation), kuwala monga X-ray, ndi mankhwala ena monga asbestos ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amatha kuwononga zilembo m'buku la malamulo (DNA).
• Matenda: Monga adani omwe akulowa mumzinda:Mavairasi ena [monga human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B ndi C] ndi mabakiteriya [monga Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)] amatha kulowa mumzinda, kusintha malamulo, ndipo pakapita nthawi amachititsa kuti pakhale kufalikira kwa khansa.

Kutsiliza: Kumvetsetsa Khansa ndi Kuchepetsa Chiwopsezo

Choncho, khansa si chinthu chomwe chimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Ndi zotsatira za kuwonongeka (kusintha kwa DNA), buku la malamulo a mzinda wa thupi lathu, pakapita nthawi chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana (zizolowezi zathu, malo athu, mwina cholowa chathu), ndipo ulamuliro wa mzinda (kulamulira kukula kwa maselo ndi imfa) umatha. Chothandizira chatsekedwa, mabuleki amasweka, ndipo nzika zoswa malamulo (maselo) zimachita zinthu mopanda ulamuliro, zikuukira mzinda wonse.

Mukamvetsa nkhaniyi, n’zoonekeratu kuti ndikofunikira kuteteza buku lathu la malamulo (DNA) mwa kupewa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa (fodya, mowa wosafunikira, zakudya zosapatsa thanzi) ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi (chakudya chabwino, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi). Komanso, kuzindikira msanga anthu omwe amaswa malamulo (maselo a khansa) pakabuka vuto (zizindikiro) kapena kudzera mu mayeso kungathandize kuletsa kupanduka kumeneku kusanafalikire padziko lonse lapansi.