Kodi nthawi zina mumaganiza kuti mwana wanu ndi wosiyana pang'ono ndi ana ena? Kodi sakonda kucheza, kulankhula, kapena kusewera ndi ena? Mwina munamvapo mawu oti 'autism' mutangopita kwa dokotala. Kapena mwina munawonapo mayina ngati ' Asperger ' mukamafufuza pa intaneti. Ndipotu, makolo ambiri amasokonezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha mayina ambiriwa. Kodi onsewa ndi matenda omwewo? Kapena ndi zinthu zosiyana? Musadandaule. Lero tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi kwenikweni 'Autism Spectrum' ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse tanthauzo la mawu oti 'Spectrum'. Taganizirani za utawaleza. Utawaleza suli ndi mtundu umodzi wokha. Uli ndi mitundu yambiri monga yofiira, lalanje, yachikasu, ndi yobiriwira pamodzi. Ndipo n'zosatheka kudziwa komwe mtundu umodzi umathera ndi wina umayambira, eti? Autism ili choncho.
Mwachidule, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ndi mndandanda wa mavuto omwe amabwera mwana akamakula. Mavutowa akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu:
1. Mavuto a anthu : Kusafuna kucheza ndi ena kapena kupanga mabwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, kukonda kukhala yekha m'malo mosewera ndi ana ena. Samayang'ana nkhope ya munthu wina akamalankhula. Amavutika kumvetsetsa momwe anthu ena akumvera (chimwemwe, chisoni).
2. Mavuto olankhulana: Kuvutika kulankhulana ndi ena. Ana ena angachedwe kulankhula. Ena angalankhule bwino, koma sadziwa momwe angapitirizire kukambirana. M'malo monena zomwe akufuna, amagwira dzanja la amayi awo kapena abambo awo n'kuwakokera komwe akufuna kupita. Ena amabwereza zinthu monga malonda pa TV.
3. Makhalidwe obwerezabwereza ndi zokonda zochepa: Kubwerezabwereza zinthu zomwezo ndikuwonetsa chidwi chochepa pa zinthu. Mwachitsanzo, kusewera ndi chidole chomwecho kwa maola ambiri. Angachite zinthu monga kugwedeza manja awo popanda chifukwa, kuyenda ndi zala zawo, kapena kuzungulira pamalo omwewo. Ana ena amakonda kudya chakudya chofanana.
Chofunika ndichakuti makhalidwe amenewa si ofanana kwa mwana aliyense. Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ochepa kwambiri. Ena akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto aakulu . Ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto linalake pakati pawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake timatcha kuti 'spectrum'.
Mayina omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kale ndi matanthauzo awo
Masiku ano, madokotala amatcha matenda onsewa ndi dzina lomwelo, 'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Koma zaka zingapo zapitazo, matenda awa ankatchedwa ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, kutengera kuopsa kwawo. Mutha kumvabe anthu akugwiritsa ntchito mayina akale awa, kotero ndikofunikira kudziwa tanthauzo lake.
Tiyeni tiwone momwe gulu lakale limenelo linalili.
| Nthawi Yakale | Kufotokozera Kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Asperger | Izi zimaonedwa ngati vuto lochepa pamlingo winawake. Ana awa ali ndi nzeru zapakati kapena zopitirira muyezo. Ali ndi luso lolankhula bwino. Koma ali ndi mavuto akuluakulu pocheza ndi anthu. Mwachitsanzo, angavutike kumvetsa nthabwala kapena kuwerenga nkhope. Angalankhulenso mosalekeza za nkhani zomwe amakonda (monga ma dinosaur, sitima). |
| Matenda Ofalikira a Kukula - Osatchulidwa Mwanjira Yina (PDD-NOS) | Dzina ili ndi lovuta pang'ono. Mwachidule, mwana ali ndi autism, koma si lofewa kwambiri moti angatchedwe 'Asperger's', komanso si loopsa kwambiri moti angatchedwe 'Autistic Disorder'. Dzinali linkagwiritsidwa ntchito potanthauza ana omwe anali pakati pa . |
| Matenda a Autism | Uwu ndi mkhalidwe umene anthu ambiri ankautcha kuti 'autism'. Umakhudza mavuto akuluakulu m'mbali zonse zitatu: chikhalidwe, kulankhulana, ndi khalidwe. |
| Matenda Osokoneza Unyamata | Izi ndi zomwe zinali pa sipekitiramu.Mtundu wosowa kwambiri komanso woopsa kwambiri wa vutoli. Pa vutoli, mwana amakula bwino mpaka ali ndi zaka pakati pa 2 ndi 4, kenako mwadzidzidzi amataya luso lonse lomwe adaphunzira (kulankhula, luso locheza ndi anthu, komanso kusewera). Nthawi zambiri, ana awa amakhalanso ndi vuto la khunyu. |
Nanga bwanji mayina awa sakugwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano?
Madokotala ndi ofufuza azindikira kuti mtundu uwu wa kugawa siwothandiza kwenikweni. Chifukwa ana onsewa ali ndi mitundu yofanana ya mavuto, koma m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake tsopano awabweretsa onse pansi pa ambulera imodzi, yomwe imatchedwa 'autism spectrum disorder' (ASD). Akamazindikira , mwanayo tsopano amaikidwa m'gulu malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chomwe akufunikira.
Kodi Rett Syndrome ndi mtundu wina wa autism?
Ili ndi vuto lomwe anthu ambiri ali nalo. Kale, vuto lotchedwa Rett Syndrome linkaonedwanso ngati vuto la autism spectrum. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zizindikiro zake zimafanana kwambiri ndi za autism.
Koma tsopano sayansi yapita patsogolo. Kafukufuku wapeza kuti chomwe chimayambitsa Rett Syndrome ndi kusintha kwa majini . Izi zikutanthauza kuti chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa chikudziwika. Pa vuto la autism spectrum, palibe chifukwa chimodzi chomwe chapezeka. Chifukwa chake, Rett Syndrome siilinso vuto la autism spectrum (ASD).
N’chifukwa chiyani kuzindikira msanga n’kofunika kwambiri?
Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse kapena kuchedwa pa khalidwe la mwana wanu, malankhulidwe ake, kapena kukula kwake, musanyalanyaze zimenezo. Musangodikira ndi kunena kuti, "Zidzakhala bwino pakapita nthawi." Mukazindikira msanga vuto ngati ili, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.
Kuzindikira matenda sikutanthauza kulemba chizindikiro pa mwana, koma kumvetsetsa thandizo lomwe mwanayo akufunikira.
Ngati mwanayo wapezeka ndi matendawa msanga, akhoza kuyamba kulandira chithandizo ndi mankhwala ofunikira mwachangu. Mwachitsanzo:
- Chithandizo cha kulankhula : Kuwongolera kulankhula.
- Chithandizo cha Ntchito: Thandizani ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, masewera, ndi kuphunzira paokha.
- Mankhwala Ochiritsira Khalidwe: Lamulirani makhalidwe osayenera ndikukulitsa luso labwino.
Chithandizochi chikayamba msanga, chimasintha kwambiri kukula kwa ubongo wa mwana. Chifukwa chake ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono za mwana wanu, chonde.Funsani upangiri kwa Katswiri wa Ana kapena Dokotala wa Matenda a Maganizo a Ana ndi Achinyamata . Ndicho chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kwa mwana wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) si matenda amodzi okha. Ali ndi milingo yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira yofatsa mpaka yoopsa, monga mitundu ya utawaleza.
- Ngakhale madokotala sagwiritsanso ntchito mayina akale monga Asperger ndi PDD-NOS, kudziwa tanthauzo lake kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino.
- Matenda a Rett si matenda omwe amagweranso m'gulu la autism, chifukwa tsopano apezeka kuti amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa iliyonse yokhudza kukula kapena khalidwe la mwana wanu, musanyalanyaze. Pitani kwa dokotala woyenerera mwamsanga. Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndi mphatso zabwino kwambiri zomwe mungapatse mwana wanu.
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