Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwanu kukuwoneka kuti sikungatheke? (Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Chamba) Tiyeni tikambirane izi!

Chamba, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chamba, ndi chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito posangalala, akamacheza ndi anzawo. Koma nthawi zina 'kachinthu' aka kamakhala kochuluka kwambiri ndipo sikangathe kulamulirika. Kenako kamayamba kukhudza zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku, maubwenzi, ndi thanzi lanu. Kodi muli ndi vuto ngati ili chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba? Kapena kodi wina amene mumamudziwa akudwala matendawa? Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba, kutanthauza , Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Chamba .

Kodi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito chamba (CUD) ndi vuto lomwe kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kumabweretsa mavuto m'moyo wanu komanso kumakhudza thanzi lanu la maganizo. Ndi mtundu wa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (SUD).

Tikanena kuti chamba, timatanthauza chinthu chilichonse chochokera ku chomera cha `Cannabis sativa`. Izi zikutanthauza maluwa ake ouma, masamba, tsinde, ndi mbewu. Chomerachi chili ndi mankhwala opitilira 500. `Cannabidiol` (`CBD`) ndi chimodzi mwa mankhwala otere.

Chamba chimatanthauza gawo lililonse kapena chinthu chilichonse cha chomera cha `Cannabis sativa`, koma chiyenera kukhala ndi mankhwala ambiri otchedwa tetrahydrocannabinol (`THC`) . `THC` iyi ndi yomwe imakupatsani `high` imeneyo, kutanthauza, kumva kuledzera. Chamba ndi mtundu wa chamba, koma si chamba chonse chomwe ndi chamba. Mkhalidwe wa `CUD` umayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zili ndi `THC` (ndiko kuti, chamba).

Matenda a `CUD` awa amatha kukhala ovuta kwambiri - anthu ena amatha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa , ena zizindikiro zochepa , ndipo ena zizindikiro zoopsa . Nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chilakolako chosalamulirika chogwiritsa ntchito chamba, kulekerera kwambiri chamba (kutanthauza kuti muyenera kumva zambiri momwe munkamvera kale), komanso zizindikiro zosiya kugwiritsa ntchito mukasiya.

Matenda a CUD angakhudze kwambiri thanzi lanu, ubale wanu ndi banja lanu ndi anzanu, komanso moyo wanu wonse. Choncho ndikofunikira kufunafuna thandizo mukangoyamba kuzindikira zizindikiro.

Kodi kusiyana kwa 'CUD' kumeneku ndi chizolowezi cha chamba n'chiyani?

Timatcha vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito chamba (CUD) kukhala lofatsa, locheperako, kapena loopsa. Kuledzera chamba ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri. Kumatanthauza kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ngakhale mavuto omwe chimayambitsa. Kuledzera chamba kumachitika pamene ubongo wanu umayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti muyambe kufunafuna.

Kodi vuto la `CUD` limeneli ndi lofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, `CUD` ndi vuto lofala kwambiri. Kafukufuku wa 2021 adapeza kuti pafupifupi 5.8% ya anthu azaka 12 kapena kuposerapo ku United States (ndiye kuti anthu pafupifupi 16.3 miliyoni) anali ndi `CUD` m'miyezi 12 yapitayi. Vutoli likhoza kuonekanso ku Sri Lanka mokulirapo kapena pang'ono.

Kodi zizindikiro za 'Cannabis Use Disorder' ndi ziti?

Malinga ndi buku la American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), zotsatirazi ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Cannabis Use Disorder:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba chochuluka komanso kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe munafunira.
• Chilakolako champhamvu kapena chilakolako chofuna kugwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Kuyesa kuchepetsa kapena kuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito chamba kwalephera.
• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kupeza, kugwiritsa ntchito, kapena kuchira ku zotsatira za chamba.
• Kulephera kuchita ntchito kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kunyumba chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ngakhale kuti pali mavuto paubwenzi.
• Kusiya kuchita zinthu zina monga kucheza ndi anthu, ntchito, kapena zosangalatsa chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale pazochitika zoopsa , monga kuyendetsa galimoto.
• Kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ngakhale mukudziwa kuti chikuyambitsa vuto la thupi kapena la maganizo.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa kulekerera (kutanthauza kuti mukufunika chamba chochulukirapo kuti mumve bwino monga kale).
• Kukumana ndi zizindikiro zosiya chamba mukasiya kugwiritsa ntchito chamba, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito chamba kuti muthetse zizindikirozo.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza upangiri wa dokotala mwachangu momwe mungathere.

Zizindikiro zina ndi makhalidwe

Kuphatikiza pa izi, palinso makhalidwe ena ndi machitidwe:

• Kusokonezeka, kuvutika kuganizira.
• Mavuto okumbukira.
• Kuvuta kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano.
• Kuona kapena kumva zinthu zomwe palibe ('Kuona zinthu molakwika').
• Zonyenga.
• Kukhala kutali ndi abwenzi ndi abale.
• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa maganizo ndi khalidwe.
• Kukwiya ndi kukana wina akakufunsa za kugwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Osaganizira za maonekedwe awo monga kale.
• Khalidwe lobisa kugwiritsa ntchito chamba.

Kodi ndi zifukwa ziti zomwe zimayambitsa 'Vuto la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cannabis'?

Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la 'Cannabis Use Disorder' nthawi zambiri amatha kutsatira njira monga iyi:

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito koyesera.

2. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zina.

3. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri.

4. Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Ulendo uwu ndi wovuta pang'ono. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zinthu zazikulu ndi izi:

• Zotsatira za THC pa chemistry ya ubongo wanu.
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini (chikoka cha chibadwa).
• Matenda amisala.
• Kupeza mosavuta komanso kukhudzidwa ndi chamba.

Ubongo wa ubongo

Mankhwala a `THC` amakhudza ubongo wanu, makamaka `malo opezera mphotho`.

Tonsefe timafuna zosangalatsa mwachibadwa. Nthawi zambiri, chisangalalochi chimachokera ku zinthu zabwino. Mukakhala ndi munthu amene mumamukonda, kapena mukamadya chakudya chokoma, thupi lanu limatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa dopamine . Izi ndi zomwe zimakupangitsani kukhala osangalala komanso okhutira. Zili ngati kuzungulira; mumafuna zokumana nazo izi chifukwa zimakupangitsani kumva bwino.

Mukagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga chamba, kuchuluka kwa dopamine kumadutsa muubongo mwanu. Komabe, m'malo mokulimbikitsani kuchita zinthu zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti mukhale ndi moyo (kudya, kugwira ntchito, kukhala ndi nthawi ndi okondedwa anu), kuchuluka kwa dopamine kumeneku kungayambitse kusintha koipa m'maganizo mwanu, momwe mumamvera, komanso khalidwe lanu.

Izi zimakupangitsani kufunafuna chisangalalo chochuluka kuchokera ku chamba kuposa momwe mungachitire ndi zinthu zabwino. Pakapita nthawi, chamba ('THC') chimasintha ubongo wanu, zomwe zimakupangitsani kuti musavutike nacho. Kenako, mumafunika zambiri kuti mumve zotsatira zomwezo.

Mphamvu ya majini (cholowa)

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti pakati pa 40% ndi 60% ya chiopsezo chotenga matenda aliwonse okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati wina m'banja mwanu (m'bale wanu, kholo lanu) wakhala ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, inunso muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mudwale nalo. Asayansi apeza kuti kusintha kwa majini otchedwa CHRNA2 (komwe kuli pa chromosome 8) kumalumikizidwa ndi CUD.

Matenda amisala

Pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la matenda amisala alinso ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (monga `CUD`). Mofananamo, pafupifupi theka la anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo alinso ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo. Izi zimatchedwa `dual diagnosis` .

Matenda a kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi matenda ena amisala amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo zogwirizana:

• Zoopsa za majini.
• Mavuto omwe amapezeka m'malo omwewo a ubongo.
• Zotsatira za chilengedwe.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti matenda amisala angayambitse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungayambitse matenda amisala. Anthu ena angagwiritse ntchito chamba pofuna kuthana ndi zizindikiro za mavuto awo amisala (izi zimatchedwa 'kudzipatsa mankhwala'). Izi zingathandizenso kukhala ndi vuto la 'CUD'.

Kupeza mosavuta komanso kukhudzidwa ndi chamba

Kupezeka mosavuta kwa chamba ndi chinthu chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe. Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera mwayi wopezeka ndikugwiritsa ntchito chamba ndi izi:

• Winawake m'nyumba mwanu akugwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Anzanu akugwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Kukhala ndi satifiketi ya chamba chachipatala (m'maiko/maiko kumene chambacho ndi chovomerezeka).

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa 'Vuto la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Cannabis'?

Zinthu zina zingakulitse chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda a CUD. Zina mwa izo ndi izi:

• Zaka: Anthu omwe amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito chamba asanakwanitse zaka 18 ali ndi mwayi wopeza matenda a CUD nthawi zinayi kapena zisanu ndi ziwiri kuposa akuluakulu.
• Mphamvu ya chamba: Kugwiritsa ntchito chamba champhamvu kwambiri (monga kuchuluka kwa THC) kungapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a CUD. Komanso, njira zina zogwiritsira ntchito chamba (monga kumwa mankhwala oletsa kusuta ndi kumwa vaping concentrates) zingapangitse kuti THC ikhale yambiri m'thupi.
• Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito chamba: Kafukufuku wina adapeza kuti 17% ya anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba kamodzi pa sabata ndi 18.8% ya anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito chamba tsiku lililonse anali ndi zizindikiro zogwiritsa ntchito chamba mopitirira muyeso.
• Kuvutika maganizo: Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuvutika maganizo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a CUD.
• Jenda: Amuna ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a CUD.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena monga mowa, nikotini, kapena zinthu zina zochititsa mantha, kungapangitse kuti munthu adwale matenda a CUD.

Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a CUD, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata, ndi izi:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa makolo.
• Maphunziro ofooka kusukulu.
• Khalidwe losakonda anthu komanso lotsutsa.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa ndi/kapena nikotini.
• Kugwiriridwa nkhanza zogonana ali mwana.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Kusuta chamba kungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa thanzi lanu la maganizo, thupi, komanso chikhalidwe. Zina mwa zovuta zakuthupi zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito chamba ndi izi:

• Matenda amisala oyambitsidwa ndi chamba.
• Matenda a nkhawa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chamba.
• Matenda ogona omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chamba.
• Matenda a cannabis hyperemesis.
• Matenda a bronchitis osatha ngati mukusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito chamba.
• Mavuto okhudzana ndi chonde.

Ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga (CUD) amakhala ndi mavuto ambiri monga:

• Kusuta chamba kwambiri (kusuta chamba mopitirira muyeso).
• Zimakhudza kukula kwa ubongo.
• Kulephera kuzindikira.
• Kuchepetsa zotsatira za maphunziro.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa mwayi wosiya sukulu.
• Kuchuluka kwa IQ (nzeru yotsika).

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Palibe mayeso amodzi omwe angapeze matenda a Cannabis Use Disorder. M'malo mwake, ogwira ntchito zachipatala adzafufuza mwatsatanetsatane mbiri yanu yachipatala ndi machitidwe anu okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chamba. Angathenso kuchita mayeso a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda amisala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi vuto la matenda amisala, dokotala adzakufunsaninso za mbiri yanu ya matenda amisala.

Malinga ndi buku la American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5), kuti munthu apezeke ndi Cannabis Use Disorder, zizindikiro ziwiri mwa zomwe takambirana kale ziyenera kukhalapo kwa miyezi yoposa 12 .

Chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndichakuti `CUD` ikhoza kukhalapo pamlingo wosiyana:

• `CUD` yofatsa: Zizindikiro ziwiri kapena zitatu.
• `CUD` yocheperako: Zizindikiro zinayi kapena zisanu.
• Kuvutika maganizo kwambiri: Zizindikiro zisanu ndi chimodzi kapena kuposerapo.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Pali mankhwala othandiza a matenda a Cannabis Use Disorder. Chithandizo chimadalira kuopsa kwa vutoli, ndipo chimasiyana malinga ndi munthu aliyense - mungafunike chithandizo chosiyana nthawi zosiyanasiyana.

Popeza matenda a CUD ndi matenda osatha omwe angabwerezedwenso, chisamaliro chopitilira chimafunika kuti chithandizo chipambane.

Popeza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a CUD nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda ena amisala, nthawi zambiri zimakhala bwino kuwachiza limodzi kusiyana ndi padera.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya chithandizo cha CUD:

1. Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi.

2. Mankhwala ochizira matenda amisala ndi khalidwe.

Komanso, pali malo ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopezera chithandizo:

• Uphungu kwa odwala akunja.
• Chithandizo chamankhwala chakunja kwa odwala kwambiri.
• Chithandizo cha odwala omwe ali m'chipatala.
• Madera ochiritsira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali, monga madera okhala osaledzera.

Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi (kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi)

Kuchotsa poizoni m'thupi kumaphatikizapo kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito chamba ndikuchilola kuti chituluke m'thupi lanu. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa CUD yanu, dokotala angakulangizeni kuti muchepetse pang'onopang'ono kugwiritsa ntchito kwanu (kuchepetsa) kuti muchepetse zotsatirapo za kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito. Iyi ndi sitepe yoyamba yayikulu pa chithandizo cha CUD. Mutha kuchotsedwa poizoni m'thupi mwanu kapena kunja kwa chipatala.

Asayansi pakadali pano akufufuza mankhwala ochotsera poizoni m'chamba.

Mankhwala ozindikira komanso ochiritsira khalidwe

Chithandizo cha maganizo (kulankhula ndi dokotala) chingathandize kuchiza matenda amisala ndi matenda ena amisala omwe amakumana nawo nthawi zina. Chithandizochi chimaphunzitsanso njira zabwino zothanirana ndi mavutowa.

Ogwira ntchito zachipatala angakulimbikitseni njira zochizira matenda amisala ndi khalidwe lokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala.

Mankhwala ena opambana kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi CUD ndi awa:

• Chithandizo cha Maganizo (CBT): CBT ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yolunjika pa zolinga za munthu. Mu CBT, mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo amakuthandizani kuyang'ana mozama malingaliro ndi momwe mukumvera. Kudzera mu CBT, mutha kuphunzira kusiya malingaliro ndi machitidwe osafunikira ndikukhala ndi malingaliro ndi zizolowezi zabwino. CBT ya CUD imayang'ananso pakulimbikitsa kusintha, kuphunzitsa za chithandizo, komanso kupewa kubwereranso.
• Chithandizo cha Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT): DBT ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lolamulira ndikulamulira malingaliro awo. DBT yawonetsedwa kuti ndi yothandiza pochiza ndikusamalira matenda osiyanasiyana amisala, kuphatikizapo CUD.
• Chithandizo cha Anthu Odzidalira (ACT): ACT imapereka chithandizo cha matenda amisala m'dera lanu, osati m'malo okhala kapena kuchipatala. ACT ndi chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa munthu aliyense. Dongosolo lanu la chithandizo limadalira mphamvu zanu, zosowa zanu, ndi zolinga zanu zamtsogolo.
• Magulu Ochiritsira (TCs): Ma TC ndi chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali chomwe chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a CUD kukhala ndi makhalidwe atsopano komanso abwino okhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda ena okhudzana ndi thanzi la maganizo.
• Kusamalira Zokumana nazo (CM): CM imaphatikizapo kulimbikitsa makhalidwe abwino mwa kupereka mphoto ku khalidwe labwino. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a CUD amapatsidwa ndalama kuti awalimbikitse kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito chamba. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapeza zotsatira zoipa pa mayeso a mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muli ndi mwayi wopambana mphoto kapena voucher ya mphatso.

Kutenga nawo mbali m'magulu odzithandiza okha monga Marijuana Anonymous kungathandizenso kwambiri pa chithandizo cha matenda a CUD.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi vuto la 'Cannabis Use Disorder' angayembekezere tsogolo lotani?

Kuyezetsa kwa matenda a Cannabis kumadalira zinthu zingapo:

• Mtundu ndi kuuma kwa `CUD`.
• Mlingo wa kudalira mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo posiya kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kudzipereka kuti asiye kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Nthawi ya chithandizo.
• Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini.
• Kodi mumachita bwanji mukakhala ndi nkhawa?

Matenda ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo Cannabis Use Disorder, ndi matenda a moyo wonse. Komabe, mutha kuchira ndikukhala ndi moyo wathunthu. Kupeza thandizo ndikofunikira kuti muchiritse. Anthu osiyanasiyana amapeza njira zosiyanasiyana zogwira ntchito, koma chithandizo chopitilira komanso magulu odzithandiza okha amathandiza anthu ambiri.

Kusuta fodya ndi matenda obwereranso m'thupi. Ngati mukuchira, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chobwereranso m'thupi. Izi zitha kuchitika patatha zaka zambiri mutagwiritsa ntchito chamba komaliza.

Chifukwa cha kuthekera kobwereranso ku matendawa, mudzafunika chithandizo chopitilira. Dokotala wanu adzayang'ananso dongosolo lanu la chithandizo ndikusintha kuti ligwirizane ndi zosowa zanu zomwe zikusintha.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji 'Vuto la Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chamba' ili?

Chiwopsezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuphatikizapo chamba, chimawonjezeka kwambiri panthawi yamavuto ndi kusintha kwa moyo. Kwa munthu wamkulu, chiopsezo cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo chingachuluke chifukwa cha zinthu monga kusudzulana, kutayika kwa ntchito, kapena imfa ya wokondedwa. Kwa mwana wamng'ono, chiopsezochi chingachuluke chifukwa cha zinthu monga kusamuka, kusudzulana kwa banja, kapena kusintha sukulu.

Mu nthawi ya kusintha ngati kumeneku, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zabwino zothanirana ndi mavuto, monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusinkhasinkha, kapena kuphunzira chizolowezi chatsopano. Ngati mukuvutika kuthana ndi nkhawa yanu, ganizirani zowonana ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo .

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Chamba ndi vuto lalikulu la thanzi la maganizo komanso ubongo. Chifukwa cha kusintha komwe kumachitika muubongo wanu, zingakhale zovuta kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito chamba, ngakhale mukufuna. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda ali ndi Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Chamba, lankhulani ndi dokotala mwamsanga. Katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito angakutsogolereni ku chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Kumbukirani, kupempha thandizo si kufooka, ndi mphamvu! Simuli nokha, ndipo pali anthu ambiri omwe angakuthandizeni paulendowu.

Chamba , Chamba, Matenda Ogwiritsa Ntchito Chamba, Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, Chizolowezi Choledzera, Thanzi Lamaganizo, Chithandizo