Bowa woopsa womwe umakhudza ubongo: Tiyeni tiphunzire za Cryptococcal Meningitis

Mwina mwamvapo za 'matenda a ubongo' kapena meningitis. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti bowa lingayambitsenso vutoli? Lero tikambirana za vuto lalikulu, koma losadziwika bwino. Limatchedwa Cryptococcal Meningitis. Ndikofunikira kudziwa izi, makamaka ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka.

Mwachidule, kodi Cryptococcal Meningitis ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni tiyambe pachiyambi. Cryptococcus ndi mtundu wa yisiti, womwe ndi mtundu wa bowa. Bowa uwu nthawi zambiri suvulaza kwambiri munthu wathanzi komanso ali ndi chitetezo chabwino chamthupi. Komabe, ngati chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chafooka, bowa uwu uli ndi mwayi waukulu.

Bowa uwu umakonda dongosolo lathu la mitsempha, makamaka ubongo ndi msana. Chifukwa chake, matendawa amakhudza mwachindunji nembanemba zoteteza zomwe zimazungulira ubongo wathu. Malinga ndi zamankhwala, nembanemba izi timazitcha 'meninges'. Chifukwa chake, nembanemba izi zikayamba kudwala ndi kutupa, timazitcha meningitis kapena 'matenda a ubongo'. Vutoli likayamba chifukwa cha bowa wa Cryptococcus, timazitcha cryptococcal meningitis .

Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kukwera mwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi mkati mwa ubongo. Kupanikizika kwakukulu kumeneku kumatha kuwononga mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. Sikuti zokhazo, komanso nthawi zina maso ndi makutu amathanso kuwonongeka. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya bowa yomwe imayambitsa matendawa. Ndi `Cryptococcus neoformans` ndi `Cryptococcus gattii`. Mwa izi, mtundu woyamba ndi wofala kwambiri.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Monga tafotokozera kale, bowa uwu ndi wongofuna mwayi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti umadikira mpaka chitetezo cha thupi, chitetezo cha mthupi, chifooke kenako n’kuyamba kuukira.

Kupatula kachilombo ka HIV, palinso matenda ena ambiri omwe amafooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi . Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa matenda awa, ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro izi.

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda okhudzana ndi magazi (Matenda a magazi)
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a ziwalo zolephera kugwira ntchito, monga kulephera kwa chiwindi
• Impso, chiwindi, ndi zina zotero.Anthu omwe adaikidwa ziwalo zina ndipo akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi
• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena a immunodeficiency syndromes
• Anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi monga ma steroids kwa nthawi yayitali

Kodi bowa uyu amalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu?

Bowa wa Cryptococcus uwu umafalikira m'chilengedwe ngati spores. Umapezeka kwambiri m'nthaka, ndowe za mbalame (makamaka ndowe za nkhunda), ndi matabwa omwe akuwola.

Choncho, tikamapuma, tizilomboti timatha kulowa m'mapapo mwathu . Koma musadandaule, sitifalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina ngati chimfine wamba.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikalowa m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chabwino cha m'thupi, maselo oteteza m'mapapo (alveolar macrophages) amawawononga. Komabe, chinthu china chosiyana chimachitika m'thupi la munthu amene ali ndi chitetezo chofooka cha m'thupi.

Mwachidule, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:

1. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a bowa timalowa m'mapapo kudzera mu kupuma.

2. Chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, maselo oteteza m'mapapo sangathe kuwawononga.

3. Kuchokera pamenepo, bowa limapita ku ma lymph nodes, komwe limagawikana mwachangu ndikupanga maselo ambiri a bowa.

4. Kenako, maselo a bowa amenewa amayenda m'magazi n'kufika ku ubongo ndi msana.

5. Pamenepo, maselo amenewa amayamba kukula m'maselo ozungulira ubongo. Pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro zimawonekera.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za matenda a cryptococcal meningitis nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono. Simungazindikire kusiyana kwakukulu nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro izi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matendawa molondola?

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo ndipo muli m'gulu la magulu omwe ali pachiwopsezo omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Ndikofunikira kwambiri.

Dokotala wanu adzakuyesani ndipo adzakuganizirani kuti muli ndi matenda a meningitis. Ngati muli pachiopsezo, adzaganiziranso za kuthekera kwa matenda a meningitis a cryptococcal.

Kuti atsimikizire matendawa, dokotala wanu akhoza kuyika lumbar puncture.Amatchedwa spinal tap. Musadandaule, izi sizowopsa monga momwe anthu ambiri amaganizira. Zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa singano yaying'ono kwambiri kumbuyo kwanu ndikutengera chitsanzo cha madzi omwe ali pafupi ndi ubongo wanu ndi msana (Cerebrospinal Fluid - CSF). Madzi awa ndi omwe amadyetsa ndikunyowetsa dongosolo lanu la mitsempha.

Chitsanzo cha CSF ichi chimayesedwa mu labotale kuti chione ngati bowa wa Cryptococcus ulipo.

Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso kuti muyesedwe ndi CT scan kapena MRI scan ya ubongo.

Kodi matendawa ndi oopsadi?

Inde, uwu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe amatha kupha munthu. Ngati sachiritsidwa, akhoza kuwononga ubongo kwambiri. Zina mwa kuwonongekako sizingasinthe.

Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, khunyu, kutaya chidziwitso, kukomoka, komanso ngakhale imfa zimatha kuchitika.

Ngakhale kuti pali mankhwala abwino kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amafa chifukwa cha matendawa chili pakati pa 15% ndi 30% . Zimenezi ziyenera kukupatsani lingaliro la kuopsa kwa matendawa.

Kodi chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Izi zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha mabakiteriya. Komabe, chithandizochi sichimatha pa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Zingatenge miyezi kuti chichiritsidwe bwino.

Pali zolinga ziwiri zazikulu za chithandizo:

1. Kusamalira matenda omwe ali mkati mwake: Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndikofunikira kulandira chithandizo choyenera (mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV) ndikubwezeretsa chitetezo chamthupi.

2. Kuchiza matenda a bowa: Mankhwala monga Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Flucytosine, ndi Itraconazole amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi.

Muyenera kukhala m'chipatala nthawi yoyamba kulandira chithandizo. Kupambana kwa chithandizo kumadalira momwe matendawa adziwikira msanga komanso vuto lanu lenileni.

Choncho, ngati muli pachiwopsezo chotenga matendawa, nthawi zonse dziwani zizindikiro zoyambirira. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala . Kuzindikira msanga ndi kulandira chithandizo mwachangu ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri yopulumutsira moyo wanu.