Kodi munayamba mwamvapo ngati gawo la thupi lanu, mwina khosi lanu, mkono, mwendo, kapena ngakhale zikope zanu, zikugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi, zikugwedezeka, kapena zikukakamira pamalo enaake? Izi zitha kukhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala zopweteka. Sizachilendo kuti minofu iyende motere popanda kulamulira. Lero tikulankhula za matenda amitsempha otchedwa dystonia , omwe amayambitsa zizindikirozi koma sakufotokozedwa kwambiri m'gulu la anthu.
Kodi Dystonia ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, dystonia ndi matenda amitsempha omwe amakhudza kuyenda. Momwe minofu yathu imagwirira ntchito komanso kupumula imayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zochokera muubongo. Komabe, mu dystonia, pali vuto la kulumikizana pakati pa maselo amitsempha mu basal ganglia, gawo lakuya la ubongo lomwe limalamulira kuyenda. Zotsatira zake, minofu imalandira zizindikiro zolakwika ndipo imapindika mosalamulirika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ziwalo zina za thupi zizungulire, kutambasuka, ndikukakamira pamalo amodzi.
Matendawa angakhudze minofu imodzi, gulu la minofu, kapena thupi lonse. Anthu ena amasokoneza matenda awiriwa monga dystonia ndi dyskinesia. Dyskinesia, yomwe ndi mtundu wa dystonia, ndi gulu la mayendedwe osasunthika omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kukokana kwa minofu.
Kodi zizindikiro za dystonia ndi ziti?
Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi kupweteka kwa minofu kosalamulirika. Izi zimatha kuyambira pang'ono kwambiri mpaka kufika poipa kwambiri. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimakula pakapita nthawi.
Nazi zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino zomwe zingawonekere pachiyambi:
- Kumva ngati mwendo umodzi ukukoka pamene mukuyenda.
- Kukanda mapazi pafupipafupi.
- Kukoka kapena kupotoza khosi mbali imodzi mosalamulirika.
- Kuthinya kosalamulirika.
- Kuvuta kulankhula.
- Mukayamba kulemba, kulemba kwanu kumakhala kosokonezeka kapena dzanja lanu limayamba kupweteka.
- Kugwedezeka kwa ziwalo za thupi.
Zizindikirozi zitha kuwoneka kapena kukulirakulira panthawi yamavuto kapena kutopa. Odwalawa amamvanso ululu ndi kutopa chifukwa cha minofu yolimba nthawi zonse.
Mmene zizindikiro zimakulira zimasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu umene vutoli limachitika.
- Ali mwana:Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba m'dzanja kapena mwendo, koma pakapita nthawi zimatha kufalikira ku thupi lonse.
- Mwa achinyamata: Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayambira kumtunda kwa thupi (monga khosi, manja). Zizindikiro zimafalikira pang'onopang'ono.
Kodi ndi chifukwa chiyani dystonia imayamba?
Matenda ambiri a dystonia alibe chifukwa chenicheni, koma madokotala amagawa vutoli m'magulu atatu akuluakulu.
1. Dystonia ya majini
Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha vuto la majini omwe makolo awo amalandira. Majini angapo apezeka omwe amagwirizana ndi dystonia. Mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa majini monga DYT1, DYT5, ndi DYT6 kungayambitse vutoli. Mitundu ina ya majini imayamba ali ana ndipo ingayambitsenso kulumala kwakukulu.
2. Kutaya Matenda a Dystonia
Izi zimatchedwanso secondary dystonia. Zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa gawo la ubongo lotchedwa basal ganglia. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kungachitike chifukwa cha zinthu monga:
- Kuvulala kwa Ubongo
- Stroke
- Chotupa cha muubongo
- Kusowa kwa mpweya muubongo pobadwa kapena nthawi ina
- Matenda a muubongo
- Poizoni woyambitsidwa ndi kumwa carbon monoxide kapena zitsulo zolemera monga lead. (Ngati mukukayikira kuti pali poizoni, funsani nthawi yomweyo ku National Poisons Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital.)
- Kuyankha kwa mankhwala ena (Tardive Dystonia). Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakanthawi kochepa.
3. Dystonia ya Idiopathic
Mawu akuti idiopathic amatanthauza "palibe chifukwa chomwe chingapezeke." Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi dystonia amadwala matendawa popanda chifukwa chomveka.
Kodi mitundu ya dystonia ndi iti?
Dystonia ikhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu ingapo kutengera gawo la thupi lomwe limakhudza. Kumvetsetsa gululi kudzakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino vuto lanu.
| Mtundu wa Dystonia | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Kusokonezeka kwa Mitsempha ya M'khosi | Mtundu uwu ndi wofala kwambiri. Umatchedwanso torticollis, umakhudza minofu ya khosi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mutu ukokedwe mbali imodzi, upotoke, kapena utembenuzidwe patsogolo kapena kumbuyo. |
| Kutupa kwa blepharospasm | Zimakhudza minofu yozungulira maso. Zimayamba ndi kuphethira kosalamulirika, ndipo nthawi zina maso amatha kukhala otsekedwa bwino. Ngakhale kuti maso ali bwino, maso amakhala otsekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati wina ndi wakhungu. |
| Dystonia ya m'mapapo | Zimakhudza minofu ya mawu pakhosi yomwe imakuthandizani kulankhula. Mawu anu akhoza kukhala ofooka, onyowa, kapena omveka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ena asamamvetse. |
| Dystonia ya Oromandibular | Zimakhudza minofu ya nsagwada, milomo, ndi lilime, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulankhula ndi kumeza. |
| Dystonia Yodziwika ndi Ntchito | Izi zimachitika pokhapokha pa ntchito zinazake zobwerezabwereza. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo kupweteka kwa m'mimba kwa wolemba, komwe kumachitika polemba kokha, kapena kusasangalala komwe kumakumana nako ndi omwe amasewera zida zoimbira. |
Kodi ndi mankhwala otani a dystonia?
Palibe mankhwala a dystonia pakadali pano. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zothandiza zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikupangitsa moyo kukhala wosavuta. Dokotala wanu adzakukonzerani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.
Mankhwala
Pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe amathandiza kulamulira kupweteka kwa minofu mwa kuchepetsa kutumiza kwa zizindikiro zolakwika muubongo.
- Mankhwala omwe amakhudza dongosolo la dopamine: Mankhwala monga `Levodopa`.
- Mankhwala oletsa cholinergic: Mankhwala monga `Trihexyphenidyl`.
- Mankhwala oletsa GABA: Mankhwala monga `Baclofen`, `Clonazepam`.
- Jakisoni wa poizoni wa Botulinum:Iyi ndi imodzi mwa njira zochizira zothandiza kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Imadziwika kuti `Botox`. Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya mankhwalawa mwachindunji mu minofu yomwe yakhudzidwa. Izi zimafooketsa minofu kwakanthawi ndikuletsa kupweteka kosafunikira. Jakisoni iyi iyenera kuperekedwa ndi dokotala wodziwa bwino ntchito kamodzi pa miyezi itatu iliyonse.
Opaleshoni
Opaleshoni imaganiziridwa pazochitika zazikulu zomwe sizingathe kulamulidwa ndi mankhwala.
- Kulimbikitsa Ubongo Kwambiri (DBS): Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika electrode m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa la ubongo ndikulumikiza ku batri pansi pa khungu la chifuwa. Ma pulse amagetsi ocheperako omwe amachokera ku electrode iyi amawongolera zizindikiro zosazolowereka mu ubongo ndikuchepetsa kukokana kwa minofu.
Mankhwala Ena
- Thandizo la Thupi: Limathandiza kulimbitsa minofu, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi otambasula, komanso kuwonjezera mayendedwe.
- Chithandizo cha Occupational Therapy: Chimakuthandizani kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku monga kuvala ndi kudya mosavuta.
- Chithandizo cha Kulankhula: Chimathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mawu kulankhula mosavuta.
Zinthu zomwe mungachite kunyumba
Kuphatikiza pa chithandizo chamankhwala, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite nokha kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
- Ikani ma compress otentha kapena ozizira pa minofu yopweteka.
- Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo. Zinthu monga kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi popuma mozama komanso kusinkhasinkha zingathandize.
- Yesani zomwe zimatchedwa "machenjerero okhudza kumva." Anthu ena amatha kuyimitsa kwakanthawi kugwedezeka kapena kugwedezeka mwa kukhudza pang'onopang'ono minofu yomwe ikugwedezeka kapena malo omwe ali pafupi.
- Ponena za zakudya, palibe umboni wosonyeza kuti chakudya chilichonse chimakhudza dystonia. Komabe, caffeine ndi chinthu cholimbikitsa ndipo chingawonjezere zizindikiro mwa anthu ena. Chifukwa chake mungafune kuganizira zochepetsa zinthu monga tiyi ndi khofi. Komabe, musanasinthe zakudya zanu, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Dystonia ndi matenda amitsempha omwe minofu imachepa mosalamulirika chifukwa cha kulephera kwa zizindikiro za ubongo.
- Vutoli lingayambitsidwe ndi majini, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, kapena popanda chifukwa chilichonse.
- Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi monga kuuma kwa khosi, kutseka maso mosadzifunira, ndi kupweteka m'dzanja polemba.
- Mankhwala monga mankhwala, jakisoni wa Botox, opaleshoni ya DBS, ndi chithandizo cha thupi amatha kuletsa bwino zizindikiro.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuonana ndi dokotala wa mitsempha kuti akupatseni chithandizo choyenera komanso njira yochizira.
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