Kodi nthawi zina mumamva ngati mwana wanu sali ngati ana ena, kuti akuchita zinthu mosiyana pang'ono? Angakonde kukhala yekha, kusewera yekha, kapena kusakumverani mukamalankhula naye, kapena osakuyang'anani m'maso. Ndizachibadwa kuti kholo lizimva mantha pang'ono kapena kuda nkhawa nthawi zina ngati izi. Lero, tikambirana za vuto ili lotchedwa autism, lomwe limadetsa nkhawa makolo ambiri, komanso momwe madokotala amalizindikira.
Mwachidule, kodi autism ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse izi. Matenda a Autism si matenda. Ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa ubongo. Kunena zoona, amatchedwa Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Mawu oti 'spectrum' ndi ofunikira kwambiri pano. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si ana onse omwe ali ndi vutoli omwe ali ofanana. Ana ena akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la maganizo. Ena ndi anzeru kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito pawokha. Chifukwa chake, musayerekeze mwana wanu ndi mwana wina yemwe ali ndi ASD.
Kuzindikira vutoli msanga n'kofunika kwambiri kwa mwana ndi banja. Chifukwa ngati litapezeka msanga, tingathandize mwanayo kukulitsa luso lake ndikumuthandiza. Koma nthawi zina sikophweka kuzindikira izi. Chifukwa palibe mayeso a labu . Izi zikutanthauza kuti silingadziwike ndi mayeso a magazi kapena scan. Madokotala amazindikira izi mwa kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la mwanayo ndikupempha chidziwitso kuchokera kwa inu, makolo.
Kuzindikira matendawa kumayamba ndi dokotala wanu wa ana.
Gawo loyamba paulendowu ndikuonana ndi dokotala wa ana a mwana wanu nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, makanda amatengedwa kupita ku chipatala mwezi uliwonse kapena nthawi zina. Makamaka pa nthawi ya kuyezetsa kwa miyezi 18 ndi 24 , dokotalayo adzafufuza ngati mwanayo akukula bwino. Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumachitika ngakhale mwanayo akuwoneka kuti alibe vuto lililonse.
Pa nthawiyi, dokotala adzayang'ana mwanayo, adzalankhula naye, ndikukufunsani mafunso. Adzakufunsani ngati pali aliyense m'banjamo amene ali ndi vutoli, ndipo adzakufunsani za kukula ndi khalidwe la mwanayo. Mayankho omwe mumapereka ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa matenda amenewa.
Musaope kuyankha mafunso a dokotala moona mtima. Kunena momveka bwino zomwe mukuganiza komanso zomwe mukuona ndi thandizo lalikulu lomwe mungapatse mwana wanu.
Tiyeni tiwone zomwe madokotala amasamala kwambiri.
| Gawo lowunikira | Zinthu zomwe dokotala amafufuza |
|---|---|
| Zochitika Zachitukuko |
|
| Khalidwe ndi maubwenzi ndi anthu |
|
Mukamaliza kufufuza zonsezi, ngati mulibe mavuto aakulu, ndiye kuti nkhaniyo yatha. Koma ngati dokotala ali ndi kukayikira kulikonse kapena akuona kuchedwa kwa kukula kwa mwana wanu, adzakutumizani ku gulu la akatswiri kuti akakuyeseninso.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani kenako? Kukumana ndi gulu la akatswiri
Ngati dokotala wanu asankha kuti mwana wanu akufunika kuyezetsa kwina, mudzakumananso ndi gulu la akatswiri omwe ali akatswiri pa matenda a autism. Gululi nthawi zambiri lingakhale ndi:
- Katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ana:Kuchuluka kwa maganizo a mwana, nzeru zake, ndi khalidwe lake zimafufuzidwa.
- Katswiri wa Kulankhula ndi Kulankhula: Amayesa luso la mwana lolankhula ndi kumvetsetsa chilankhulo.
- Katswiri wa Zachipatala: amayang'ana zochita za mwana za tsiku ndi tsiku (kudya, kuvala, kusewera) ndi mavuto a kumva.
- Dokotala wa Zachitukuko cha Ana
- Katswiri wa za ubongo
Mayeso amenewa makamaka amayang'ana mulingo wa kuzindikira kwa mwana, luso lake lolankhula, ndi luso lake la tsiku ndi tsiku (monga kudya, kuvala, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi).
Kuzindikira mwalamulo za vutoli
Kuti mwana adziwike kuti ali ndi autism mwalamulo, ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), buku lotsogolera lofalitsidwa ndi American Psychiatric Association.
Mwachidule, kuti mwana apezeke ndi ASD, ayenera kusonyeza mavuto m'mbali ziwiri zazikulu.
1. Mavuto pakulankhulana ndi kuyanjana ndi anthu: Ana omwe ali ndi ASD amavutika "kulumikizana" ndi ena, kumvetsetsa mayankho awo, kuwerenga zizindikiro za anthu, kuyang'ana maso, ndi kupitiriza kukambirana mwachizolowezi. Angayambe kulankhula mochedwa kuposa ana ena. Angakhalenso ndi mavuto ndi luso lolamulira minofu lofunikira pazinthu monga kujambula ndi kusewera.
2. Makhalidwe oletsa komanso obwerezabwereza: Ana omwe ali ndi ASD angasonyeze makhalidwe obwerezabwereza monga kuchita zinthu mofanana, kubwereza mawu kapena ziganizo zomwezo, komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa zochita zawo. Angakhale okonda nkhani imodzi (monga magalimoto, sitima, ma dinosaur). Angakhalenso ndi mavuto okhudza kumva.
Mayeso ena
Nthawi zina madokotala angalimbikitsenso kuyezetsa majini kuti aone ngati pali matenda ena omwe angayambitse zizindikirozi. Komanso, ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba, palinso mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito deta ndi luntha lochita kupanga kuti athandize kuzindikira ASD. Ngakhale izi sizikupezekabe m'dziko lathu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, thandizo lomwe amapereka lidzawonjezeka.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a autism si matenda, ndi vuto la kukula kwa ubongo. Mwana aliyense amene ali ndi vutoli ndi wosiyana.
- Kuzindikira msanga n'kofunika kwambiri pa tsogolo la mwana. Choncho ngati mukukayikira chilichonse chokhudza mwana wanu, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wa ana za vutoli.
- Kuzindikira matenda si chinthu chomwe chimatha ndi mayeso amodzi okha, koma ndi njira yomwe imakhala ndi masitepe angapo.
- Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi ASD, musachite mantha. Pali akatswiri ambiri komanso njira zomwe zingathandize mwana wanu kukulitsa luso lake.
- Monga kholo, mfundo zomwe mumapereka ndizofunikira kwambiri paulendowu. Choncho khalani omasuka komanso oona mtima kwa dokotala wanu pa chilichonse.
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