Kodi mwana wanu wamng'ono sayang'ana m'mbuyo dzina lake likatchulidwa? Kodi sakonda kusewera ndi ana ena? Kapena amachita zomwezo mobwerezabwereza? Mukawona zinthu ngati izi, mungamve nkhawa komanso mantha pang'ono. Ndizachilendo kwambiri. Lero tikambirana za mutu wokhudzana ndi makhalidwe otere, womwe umadetsa nkhawa makolo ambiri. Umenewo ndi autism, kapena m'mawu azachipatala, autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Kodi autism kwenikweni ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, autism ndi matenda obwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa munthu omwe amalankhulana, kuchita zinthu, komanso kuyanjana ndi ena. Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti autism si matenda. Sichingathe kuchiritsidwa, koma ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso chithandizo choyenera, mwana amene ali ndi vutoli akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso wosangalala.
Mawu akuti "spectrum" amagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa si onse omwe ali ndi vutoli omwe ali ofanana. Anthu ena ali ndi zizindikiro zochepa kwambiri, pomwe ena akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ovuta kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zikutanthauza kuti palibe ana awiri omwe ali ndi vutoli omwe ali ofanana.
Kodi zifukwa za autism ndi ziti?
Asayansi sanapezebe yankho lolondola la funsoli 100 peresenti, koma akukhulupirira kuti pali mgwirizano waukulu pakati pa majini .
- Mbiri ya banja: Ngati wina m'banjamo, monga mayi, bambo, mchimwene, kapena mlongo, ali ndi vutoli, pali mwayi woti mwanayonso adzadwala nalo. Komabe, sizili choncho nthawi zonse.
- Matenda ena a majini: Pafupifupi 10% ya ana omwe ali ndi autism ali ndi matenda ena a majini, monga Down syndrome kapena fragile X syndrome.
- Zaka za makolo: Kafukufuku wina wapeza kuti makolo akamakula panthawi yoyembekezera, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu.
- Mankhwala panthawi ya mimba: Pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake omwe dokotala wakupatsani panthawi ya mimba, makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu a opioid, kungakhalenso chifukwa choopsa.
Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti izi ndi zinthu zoopsa chabe. Sizikutanthauza kuti mwana adzakhala ndi autism chifukwa choti ali ndi zinthuzi. Ndikofunikanso kukumbukira kuti palibe mgwirizano wasayansi pakati pa katemera ndi autism.
Ana ena amayamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zimenezi pasanathe miyezi ingapo kuchokera pamene anabadwa. Ena amatha kukula bwino kwa miyezi kapena zaka zingapo zoyambirira kenako n’kuyamba kusonyeza zizindikiro zimenezi. Makolo nthawi zambiri amaona kusintha pang’ono akafika chaka chimodzi, ndipo akafika zaka ziwiri, pafupifupi 80%-90% ya makolo amazindikira kuti pali vuto.
Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati mwana wanga ali ndi zizindikiro za autism?
Mu autism, pali madera atatu akuluakulu omwe kusiyana kungawonekere: maubwenzi a anthu, kulankhulana, ndi khalidwe. Tiyeni tiwone izi padera.
| 1. Makhalidwe omwe angaonekere mu maubwenzi a anthu | |
|---|---|
| Sakuyankha dzina | Ngakhale ali ndi chaka chimodzi, sayang'ana m'mbuyo dzina lake likatchulidwa. |
| Kukonda kukhala ndekha | Sakufuna kulankhula, kusewera, kapena kugawana zinthu ndi ena. |
| Kusakonda kukhudzidwa ndi thupi | Kusafuna kapena kukana kukumbatiridwa kapena kugwiridwa ndi winawake. |
| Kusayang'ana Maso Moyipa | Kupewa kuyang'anana maso mwachindunji mukamalankhula kapena nthawi zina. |
| Kuvuta kumvetsetsa malingaliro | Kulephera kumvetsetsa momwe munthu alili wachisoni komanso wachimwemwe. Kusafuna kutonthozedwa akakhala ndi chisoni. |
| 2. Makhalidwe omwe angaonekere mu zokambirana ndi kulankhulana | |
|---|---|
| Kuchedwa kulankhula | Kusalankhula mawu oyenera msinkhu wawo, kapena kusalankhula konse. Ana ena angalankhule kwa kanthawi kenako n’kutaya luso limenelo. |
| Kubwerezabwereza (Echolalia) | Kubwereza zomwe mumamva kapena kunena mobwerezabwereza, ngati mawu obwerezabwereza. |
| Mawu achilendo | Kulankhula mopanda mawu, ngati loboti, popanda kukhudzidwa mtima. |
| Kulankhula ndi mawu ofotokozera osinthidwa | Zinthu monga kudzilankhula ngati "iwe" m'malo monena kuti "Ine". |
| Osagwiritsa ntchito manja | Kusawonetsa kanthu ndi dzanja lako, kusanena 'tata', komanso kusamvetsa pamene ena akuchita zimenezo. |
| 3. Kusintha kooneka bwino kwa machitidwe | |
|---|---|
| Makhalidwe obwerezabwereza | Zinthu monga kugwedeza manja, kugwedeza, ndi kuzungulira. |
| Zokhazikika | Chidwi chochuluka pa chidole chimodzi, katuni, kapena mutu. |
| Kutsatira kwambiri ndondomeko | Kuyesa kuchita chilichonse mwanjira yomweyo, nthawi imodzi. Kukwiya kwambiri ngakhale chinthu chaching'ono ngati mbale chikasinthidwa. |
| Kuzindikira | Kukhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, monga phokoso, kuwala, kapena kukhudza zovala, kapena kusamvetsera konse. |
| Kudya movutikira | Kukonda kudya mitundu yochepa chabe ya chakudya. Kusamala kwambiri mtundu ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya. |
| Khalidwe lopupuluma komanso lankhanza | Zinthu monga kuchita chinthu popanda kuganiza, kudzimenya nokha kapena ena, kuponya zinthu, ndi zina zotero. |
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Vutoli likadziwika msanga, mungathandize kwambiri mwana wanu. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kukula kwa mwana wanu. Ngati mwana wanu sakukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili pansipa, kapena ngati ayamba kutaya luso lake, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala.
| Zaka | Zinthu zofunika kuzidziwa |
|---|---|
| Miyezi 6 | Ngati simuseka |
| Miyezi 9 | Ngati nkhope kapena mawu sizikutsanziridwa |
| Miyezi 12 | Ngati simulankhula monyodola |
| Miyezi 14 | Ngati simukuchita zizindikiro monga kuloza kapena kunena kuti 'tata' |
| Miyezi 16 | Ngati simulankhula liwu limodzi |
| Miyezi 18 | Pokhapokha mutachita masewero ongoyerekeza (monga kudyetsa chidole) |
| Miyezi 24 | Ngati simulankhula ziganizo za mawu awiri |
Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kulikonse pa nkhani ngati iyi, chonde musabise chilichonse kwa inu nokha ndi nkhawa. Pitani kwa dokotala wa ana kapena wa banja nthawi yomweyo ndipo mukambirane za izi. Adzakutsogolerani bwino.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Autism si matenda, ndi vuto lokhudzana ndi kukula kwa ubongo . Palibe chifukwa chochita mantha kapena kuchita manyazi ndi izi.
- Mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana. Chifukwa chake, zizindikiro za autism zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa mwana wina kupita kwa wina. Musayerekeze mwana wanu ndi mwana wina.
- Mwa kuzindikira vutoli msanga ndikupatsa mwana chithandizo chofunikira cha khalidwe ndi kulankhula, mutha kumuthandiza kwambiri kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.
- Ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono za kukula kwa mwana wanu, chonde funsani upangiri kwa dokotala. Ichi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite kwa inu ndi mwana wanu.
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