Dokotala wanu mwina wakupezani inu kapena mwana wanu ali ndi ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) ndipo akuganiza zoyamba kumwa mankhwala. Kapena mwina mukumwa kale mankhwala. Funso lalikulu lomwe lili m'maganizo mwanu pakadali pano ndi lakuti, "Kodi ndibwino kuti ndipitirize kumwa mankhwalawa? Kodi padzakhala zoopsa zilizonse pakapita nthawi?" Funsoli ndi lomveka bwino. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi momveka bwino komanso mosavuta lero.
Kodi mankhwala a ADHD amakukhudzani bwanji mukakula?
Ngati ndinu wamkulu, nkhawa yaikulu mukaganizira za zotsatira za mankhwala a ADHD kwa nthawi yayitali ndi momwe angagwirizanire ndi matenda ena omwe muli nawo kale. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muli ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena matenda a mtima, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi musanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a ADHD.
Dokotala wanu adzakuyang'anirani mosamala ndikupanga njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi thanzi lanu komanso kukuthandizani kuthana ndi ADHD yanu. Pali zoopsa zina zomwe zingachitike chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ADHD kwa nthawi yayitali mwa akuluakulu.
| Chiwopsezo | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Matenda a Mtima | Mankhwala ena amatha kukweza pang'ono kugunda kwa mtima ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. |
| Kuthamanga kwa Magazi Kwambiri | Ngati muli kale ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pa izi. |
| Kugwidwa | Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala ena amatha kukhudza khunyu. |
| Kugunda kwa Mtima Kosasinthasintha | Ndikofunikira kudziwitsa dokotala wanu ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse pa kugunda kwa mtima wanu. |
| Nkhanza ndi Kuledzera | Chiwopsezochi chingabwere chifukwa chowonjezera mlingo kapena kuugwiritsa ntchito pazinthu zina popanda upangiri wa dokotala. |
| Kusintha kwa Mtundu wa Khungu | Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chigamba angayambitse kusintha kwa mtundu wa khungu. |
Kodi mankhwala a ADHD amakhudza bwanji mwana wanu?
Monga kholo, ndi zachilendo kufunsa funso ili lokhudza mwana wanu. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti kafukufuku wa zaka zambiri wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ADHD kwa nthawi yayitali n'kotetezeka kwa ana.
Zotsatira za kanthawi kochepa
Si ana onse omwe amayankha mankhwala mofanana. Mankhwala olimbikitsa amayamba kugwira ntchito mkati mwa ola limodzi. Mankhwala osalimbikitsa amatha kutenga milungu ingapo kuti agwire ntchito. Pamene mankhwala akugwira ntchito m'thupi, mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zina.
Chofunika: Bungwe la American Academy of Pediatrics limalimbikitsa kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ADHD kwa ana azaka zopitilira 6.
Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri za mankhwala opatsa mphamvu mwa ana ndi izi:
- Chilakolako cha chakudya
- Kuchepetsa thupi
- Mavuto ogona
- Kuyesera kupewa anthu ena pang'ono
Zotsatira zoyipa zochepa:
- Kusamvera kapena kukwiya kwa mwana kumawonjezeka pamene mankhwala akutha (rebound effect)
- Kugwedezeka kwa minofu kosafunikira (Tics)
- Kuchedwa pang'ono kwa chitukuko (pali maganizo osiyanasiyana pa izi)
Kumbukirani, mankhwala a ADHD sangasinthe umunthu wa mwana wanu. Ngati muwona kuti mwana wanu akugona kwambiri kapena akukwiya msanga kuposa masiku onse, mlingo wa mwana wanu ungafunike kuwonjezeredwa. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
Zotsatira za nthawi yayitali
Ana ena amapitiriza kumwa mankhwala a ADHD mpaka atakula. Kafukufuku wa zaka makumi ambiri wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali sikubweretsa mavuto aakulu azaumoyo. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti izi zitha kukhudza kutalika kwa ana, ena atsutsa kugwirizana kumeneku. Dokotala wanu adzayang'anira kukula kwa mwana wanu.
Kodi mwana angasiye liti kumwa mankhwala?
Dokotala nthawi ndi nthawi adzayang'ana mankhwala a mwana wanu kuti awone ngati mlingo wake ukufunika kusinthidwa kapena ngati mankhwalawo angathe kuimitsidwa tsopano. Mungaganizire zosiya mankhwala a mwana wanu pazochitika izi:
- Ngati mwakhala opanda zizindikiro kwa nthawi yoposa chaka chimodzi mukumwa mankhwala.
- Ngati zizindikiro zakhala zikulamuliridwa bwino kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mlingo womwewo.
- Ngati mwanayo angathe kukhalabe wosamala komanso wodzisunga bwino ngakhale atalephera kumwa mankhwala.
- Samalani njira zina (monga chithandizo cha khalidwe) ngati mwana waziphunzira kale.
- Ngati panali kusintha kwakukulu m'chilengedwe, monga kusintha masukulu.
Kodi mankhwala a ADHD ndi ati?
Mwachidule, mankhwala a ADHD amagawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu: olimbikitsa ndi osalimbikitsa.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Magwiridwe antchito ndi zitsanzo |
|---|---|
| Zolimbikitsa | Izi ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa dopamine, mankhwala omwe ali muubongo omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi chidwi ndi chisangalalo, ndipo zimakuthandizani kuyang'ana kwambiri. Mlingo womwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani siwoledzeretsa. Mwachitsanzo: Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Amphetamines (Adderall). |
| Zosalimbikitsa | Izi sizingagwire ntchito mwachangu monga zolimbikitsa. Zimawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala otchedwa norepinephrine muubongo, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera chidwi ndi kukhazikika kwa maganizo. Zitsanzo: Atomoxetine (Strattera), Clonidine (Kapvay). |
Tiyeni tsopano tiwone zoopsa zazikulu mwatsatanetsatane.
Matenda a mtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi
Mankhwala ambiri a ADHD (zolimbikitsa) amatha kukweza pang'ono kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Ngati muli kale ndi matenda a mtima kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kungakhale koopsa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu momveka bwino za mbiri yanu yachipatala.
Kugwidwa ndi khunyu kapena kugunda kwa mtima kosasinthasintha
Atomoxetine (Strattera) (mankhwala osalimbikitsa) yakhala ikugwirizana ndi khunyu komanso kusakhazikika kwa kayendedwe ka mtima, choncho akulangizidwa kuti anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya matendawa apewe kumwa mankhwalawa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molakwika
Anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito molakwika mankhwala a ADHD. Mwachitsanzo, amaphwanya mapiritsi ndi kuwapukusa kuti aledzere. Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri. Ngati simunagwiritsepo ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, simungachite izi. Koma ngati mutero, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu moona mtima. Iye angakuthandizeni kusankha ngati mankhwalawa ndi oyenera kwa inu.
Mavuto amisala
Kawirikawiri, mankhwala a ADHD amatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto ena amisala. Zizindikiro za mkwiyo ndi matenda a bipolar zanenedwa. Palinso chiopsezo chochepa kwambiri chopeza zizindikiro za psychosis, monga kumva wina akulankhula, ndi mantha. Ngakhale izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, ndizofunikira kuzidziwa.
Kodi mumagwira ntchito bwanji ndi zoopsa izi?
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Njira yabwino yothetsera zonsezi ndikugwira ntchito ndi dokotala wanu. Pamodzi, mutha kusankha ngati mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka kwa inu.
Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala, dokotala wanu angafune kukuyesani. Mwachitsanzo, angayang'ane kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kugunda kwa mtima wanu.
Ngati muli ndi vuto lililonse mwa izi, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za izi:
- Kutupa kwa mankhwala
- Matenda a glaucoma
- Matenda a chiwindi kapena impso
- Mbiri ya matenda amisala
- Matenda a Tics kapena Tourette's
- Hyperthyroidism
Ngati mukumwa mankhwala ena kapena zowonjezera, uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwalawo. Mankhwala ena amatha kuyanjana ndi mankhwala a ADHD. Mukayamba kumwa mankhwala, pitani kwa dokotala wanu kuti mukayezedwe nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati pali zotsatirapo zilizonse zoyipa.
Pomaliza, mankhwala a ADHD nthawi zambiri amakhala otetezeka kwambiri. Chiwopsezo cha mavuto aakulu chimakhala chochepa kwambiri. Kwa anthu ambiri, ubwino wa chithandizo ndi woposa zoopsa zazing'ono.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a ADHD kwa nthawi yayitali nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotetezeka.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za matenda ena aliwonse omwe inu kapena mwana wanu mungakhale nawo (makamaka matenda a mtima, kuthamanga kwa magazi) musanayambe kumwa mankhwala.
- Ngati muwona zotsatirapo zina zachilendo (monga kugunda kwa mtima, kukwiya kwambiri, kusowa tulo), dziwitsani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
- Musasinthe mlingo kapena kusiya kumwa mankhwala popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Kwa ambiri, kusintha kwa moyo komwe chithandizo cha ADHD chimapereka kumaposa zoopsa zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha mankhwala.
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