Tonsefe timamva chisoni komanso kukhumudwa nthawi zina. Ndizachilendo. Koma kodi mudamvapo, popanda chifukwa chenicheni, wopanda kanthu mkati, kumva wopanda kanthu komwe sikukubweretseraninso chisangalalo, ngakhale m'zinthu zomwe munkasangalala nazo kale, kumverera kuti dziko lonse lapansi ndi lakuda ndi loyera? Izi si chisoni chokha. Lero tikambirana za vuto lotere, lomwe ndi Melancholic Depression, mtundu waukulu wa Depression. Izi si kufooka m'maganizo mwanu, koma kwenikweni ndi matenda okhudzana ndi kusintha kwa thupi, makamaka m'mitsempha yapakati.
Kodi vuto la Melancholic Depression ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, Melancholic Depression ndi mtundu wovuta kwambiri wa kuvutika maganizo. Anthu ena amatchanso Melancholia. Ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti vutoli limakhudza kwambiri mitsempha yathu yapakati. Pakati pa 25% ndi 30% ya anthu omwe ali ndi kuvutika maganizo ali ndi kuvutika maganizo kwamtunduwu.
Kuchiza vutoli kungakhale kovuta chifukwa silingagwire bwino ntchito zina mwa mankhwala ochizira kuvutika maganizo, monga mankhwala monga SSRIs (Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) kapena mankhwala olankhula.
Koma sizikutanthauza kuti palibe mankhwala ochizira. Pali njira ziwiri zothandiza kwambiri zochizira izi:
- Chithandizo cha Electroconvulsive (ECT): Izi zimaphatikizapo kutumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi zazing'ono kwambiri ku ubongo kuti zithetse zizindikiro.
- Mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo otchedwa Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Awa ndi mtundu wa mankhwala omwe adayambitsidwa koyamba kuti athetse kuvutika maganizo.
Chofunika ndichakuti, ngakhale zizindikiro za vutoli zili zazikulu, mutha kuthana ndi zizindikirozi ndikukhala bwino mothandizidwa ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino za matenda amisala, kuphatikizapo dokotala wanu.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli ndi ziti?
Kuvutika maganizo sikungokhala chisoni kapena kulira kokha, komanso zizindikiro zina zakuthupi. Mungamve ngati mulibe mphamvu komanso mulibe kanthu mkati. Mwina simungathe kusangalala ndi zinthu zabwino. Maganizo ndi mayendedwe anu angachepe. Tiyeni tigawane zizindikirozi.
| Gulu la zizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu | 1. Kutaya chisangalalo. 2. Kulephera kuyankha bwino pa chinthu chabwino kapena chokhutiritsa. |
| Zinthu zina zodziwika bwino |
|
| Kusintha kwa mayendedwe a thupi (zizindikiro za psychomotor) | |
| Kusintha kwa khalidwe |
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| Kupweteka kwa thupi | Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu okwana 70% omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kumva kupweteka kwa minofu ndi mafupa. |
N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti?
Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi chimaonedwa kuti ndi kusintha kwa thupi mu ubongo wathu ndi dongosolo la mahomoni. Tangoganizirani, ubongo wathu uli ndi ziwalo zapadera zomwe zimalamulira kukumbukira, malingaliro, ndi malingaliro. Pali dongosolo lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi izi ndipo limagwira ntchito lotchedwa ``Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis''. Mwachidule, iyi ndiye dongosolo lalikulu m'thupi lathu lomwe limalamulira zinthu zambiri, monga kupsinjika maganizo ndi chilakolako cha chakudya.
Mwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la Melancholic Depression, HPA axis iyi sigwira ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake, tikakhala ndi nkhawa, mahomoni otchedwa `(cortisol)` omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi lathu amakhala pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kwa `(cortisol)` kungakhudze mwachindunji chilakolako chathu, kagayidwe kachakudya, ndi kukumbukira. Kuphatikiza apo, kusintha kwa dongosolo lolumikizirana mauthenga (`(neurons)`) komwe kumanyamula mauthenga pakati pa maselo amitsempha muubongo kungakhalenso komwe kumayambitsa.
Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?
- Zaka: Zizindikiro za Melancholic Depression nthawi zambiri zimawonekera munthu akamakula.
- Majini: Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mabanja. Ngati wina m'banja mwanu adadwalapo matenda amisala amtunduwu, inunso mungakhale pachiwopsezo.
- Nyengo ndi nyengo: Kwa anthu ena, zizindikirozi zimatha kukulirakulira nthawi ya dzuwa lochepa, nthawi yochepa ya masana, komanso nyengo yozizira.
- Kusintha pambuyo pobereka: Amayi ena omwe ali ndi vuto la kukhumudwa pambuyo pobereka nawonso angakumane ndi zizindikiro za kukhumudwa izi.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji izi?
Dokotala wanu kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo adzazindikira vutoli ataphunzira mosamala zizindikiro zanu. Kuti mupezeke ndi matendawa, muyenera kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu izi:
Zinthu zofunika: Kutaya mphamvu yosangalala ndi moyo kapena kuyankha zinthu zosangalatsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe osachepera atatu mwa awa:
- Kumva chisoni chachikulu komwe sikukhudzana ndi chisoni, monga kutayika kwa wokondedwa.
- Kutaya chilakolako cha chakudya kapena kuchepa thupi kwambiri.
- Kusintha kwa mayendedwe a thupi (kuchedwa kapena kusakhazikika).
- Kumva kupsinjika maganizo komanso chisoni m'mawa kuposa nthawi zina za tsiku.
- Kudzuka maola awiri m'mbuyomo kuposa momwe ndimayembekezera.
- Kudzimva wolakwa kwambiri.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?
Matenda a kukhumudwa kwa maganizo amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala osakaniza ndi njira zina zochiritsira.
| Njira yochizira | Zokhudza izi basi |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala (Oletsa Kuvutika Maganizo) | Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka mankhwala amtundu wotchedwa tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) . Mankhwala monga Amitriptyline, Imipramine, ndi Nortriptyline ndi a gulu ili. Kuphatikiza apo, dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni mankhwala ena kutengera matenda anu. |
| Chithandizo cha electroconvulsive (ECT) | Ngati mankhwala ena sakugwira ntchito, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mulandire ECT. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukupatsani mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso kutumiza mphamvu zamagetsi ku ubongo wanu kuti mubwezeretse mphamvu ya mankhwala mu ubongo ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro. Uwu ndi mankhwala otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima. |
| Chithandizo cha maganizo | Njira imeneyi imadziwikanso kuti 'talk therapy', ndipo imafuna kulankhula ndi dokotala wa matenda amisala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo za momwe mukumvera, malingaliro anu, ndi makhalidwe anu. Komabe, mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya kuvutika maganizo, chithandizo ichi chokha sichingakhale chothandiza kwambiri pa kuvutika maganizo. Nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala. |
Kodi ndingakhale bwanji ndi vutoli?
Dokotala wanu adzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likukuyenererani. Ngakhale mukutsatira chithandizo chimenecho, mutha kusintha pang'ono moyo wanu.
- Imwani mankhwala anu monga mwalembedwera: Imwani mankhwala anu monga mwalembedwera, panthawi yoyenera, ndipo nthawi zonse funsani dokotala musanamwe mankhwala ena kapena zowonjezera.
- Kuchita Maseŵera Olimbitsa Thupi: Chitani zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa thupi lanu kuchita maseŵero olimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse, monga kuyenda, kusambira, kuvina, kapena yoga.
- Khalani ndi chizolowezi chogona komanso kudzuka nthawi yomweyo: Khalani ndi chizolowezi chogona komanso kudzuka nthawi yomweyo.
- Zakudya zabwino: Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi.
- Pewani kusuta fodya ndi mowa: Izi zingapangitse kuti kuvutika maganizo kukhale koipitsitsa.
- Khalani ndi nthawi ndi anzanu: Kambiranani ndi achibale anu ndi anzanu omwe amakukondani komanso amakumvetsani.
Thandizani munthu amene amasamala munthu ngati uyu.
Ngati muli ndi wachibale kapena mnzanu amene ali ndi vutoli, thandizo lanu ndi lofunika kwambiri. Koma kusamalira munthu wotere sikophweka. Mungamvenso kutopa, kusungulumwa, komanso kupsinjika maganizo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudzisamalira nokha.
- Ganiziraninso za thanzi lanu: gonani bwino, idyani chakudya chopatsa thanzi, komanso maseŵera olimbitsa thupi.
- Pemphani thandizo: Musayese kuchita chilichonse nokha. Pemphani thandizo kwa achibale anu ndi anzanu.
- Dzipatseninso nthawi yopuma: Patulani nthawi yochepa tsiku lililonse. Werengani buku, mverani nyimbo, chitani chinthu chomwe mumakonda.
- Funani upangiri kwa dokotala ngati mukumva kupsinjika maganizo: Ngati kupsinjika maganizo chifukwa chosamalira munthu wina sikungatheke, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena mlangizi za vutoli.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kuvutika maganizo si kufooka kwa mtima kapena kumva ulesi. Ndi matenda enieni omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo ndi mahomoni.
- Khalidwe lalikulu la izi ndilakuti ngakhale zinthu zomwe kale zinali zosangalatsa sizibweretsanso chisangalalo kapena chisangalalo.
- Pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri (monga ECT ndi mankhwala a TCA) pa vutoli.
- Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akukumana ndi zizindikiro zimenezi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga ndikupempha uphungu, m'malo movutika nokha.
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