Kodi mankhwala ophera opioid ndi chiyani? Kodi mungapewe bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso kuwagwiritsa ntchito mosamala?

Nthawi zina, mukakhala ndi ululu wosapiririka, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala amphamvu ochepetsa ululu. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ululu waukulu womwe ndi wovuta kuuthetsa ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu wamba, monga ululu pambuyo pa opaleshoni kapena ululu wa khansa. Nthawi zambiri timatcha mitundu iyi ya mankhwala kuti 'opioids'. Amapereka mpumulo waukulu wa ululu, koma tiyenera kudziwa bwino za mankhwalawa ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito mosamala kwambiri. Chifukwa ngakhale kuti ndi othandiza, amathanso kukhala osokoneza bongo ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za mankhwala onsewa.

Kodi opioid ndi opiate ndi chinthu chimodzi?

Mwina munamvapo mawu onsewa. Pali kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwa. Mwachidule, ma opiates ndi mankhwala omwe amachokera ku chomera cha poppy (Papaver somniferum). Mwachitsanzo, morphine ndi codeine ndi mitundu ya ma opiates. Ma opioid ndi mawu otakata. Amaphatikizapo omwe amachokera ku chomera cha poppy mwachibadwa, omwe amapangidwa mwa mankhwala mu labu (synthetic), ndi omwe ali osakaniza onse awiri (semi-synthetic) - zonsezi pamodzi zimatchedwa ma opioid. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, opiate iliyonse ndi opioid, koma si opioid iliyonse yomwe ndi opiate . Taganizirani ngati mawu oti 'galimoto'. Magalimoto, ma vans, ndi mabasi onse ndi magalimoto. Mofananamo, ma opiates nawonso ali m'gulu lalikulu lotchedwa ma opioid. Komabe, zotsatira za mitundu yonse iwiri pa matupi athu ndizofanana. Ndipo zonse ziwiri zili ndi chiopsezo cha kuledzera.

Kodi ma opioid amenewa amakhudza bwanji thupi?

Thupi lathu la mitsempha lili ndi ma receptors apadera omwe amalamulira zinthu monga ululu, malingaliro, ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Timatcha ma opioid receptors awa. Mukatenga mankhwala a opioid, amapita molunjika ku ma receptor awa ndikuwamangirira. Izi zikachitika, zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zimachitika: 1. Amachepetsa kumva ululu: Amaletsa zizindikiro za ululu zomwe zimapita ku ubongo, kuchepetsa ululu womwe mumamva. 2. Amapanga chisangalalo ndi kupumula: Amawonjezera kupanga kwa neurotransmitter 'Dopamine' mu ubongo, zomwe zimatipangitsa kumva osangalala komanso abwino. Izi zimapangitsa kuti timve kupumula kwakukulu komanso chisangalalo.

Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa musanapereke mankhwala kwa dokotala

Musanasankhe kudzipatsa opioid, pali zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kukambirana moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo chanu.

N’chifukwa chiyani zinthu zimenezi zimavuta kuzisiya?

Pali zifukwa zingapo za izi. Chisangalalo chomwe tidalankhula kale ndicho chifukwa chachikulu. Chifukwa chakuti malingaliro amalakalaka kumva zimenezo, anthu ena amapitiriza kumwa mankhwalawa ngakhale ululu utatha. Chinanso ndi kukula kwa kulolera . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, atagwiritsa ntchito mlingo womwewo kwa kanthawi, kuti amve mpumulo wa ululu kapena chisangalalo chomwe ankamva kale, mlingo wa mankhwalawa uyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pamene mlingo ukuwonjezeka motere, thupi limayamba kudalira mankhwalawo mwakuthupi . Kenako, ngati mankhwalawo asiya, thupi limayamba kukumana ndi zizindikiro zosasangalatsa kwambiri zosiya kumwa. Kuti apewe kusasangalala kumeneku, munthuyo amamwanso mankhwalawa. Iyi ndi nthawi yoopsa.

Kodi tingagwiritse ntchito bwanji mankhwalawa mosamala?

Musaganize za mankhwala a opioid ngati chinthu choopsa. Ngati mutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola , ndi othandiza kwambiri komanso otetezeka.

• Imwani mlingo wokhawo womwe mwapatsidwa: Musamwe mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa mlingo womwe mwapatsidwa ndi dokotala wanu, kapena kumwa mankhwalawa nthawi isanakwane.
• Musasinthe mlingo wa mankhwala : Musaphwanye, kutafuna, kapena kusungunula mapiritsi popanda upangiri wa dokotala. Kuchita zimenezi kungapangitse kuti mankhwalawo alowe m'thupi mwachangu kwambiri ndipo kungakhale koopsa.
• Pewani kuyendetsa galimoto: Izi zingayambitse kugona ndi chizungulire , choncho musayendetse galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina oopsa, makamaka masiku oyambirira.
• Musamwe ndi mowa : Kumwa mankhwala a opioid ndi mowa kungayambitse zotsatira zoopsa, monga kupuma movutikira.
• Dziwani zotsatirapo zake : Ngati mukumva kusasangalala kwachilendo, uzani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo.
• Musapatse aliyense mankhwala anu: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Musapatse wachibale wanu kapena mnzanu mankhwala anu pazifukwa zilizonse. Zingakhale zoopsa kwa munthuyo.
• Sungani bwino: Nthawi zonse sungani izi pamalo otsekedwa omwe ana ndi ziweto sangafikire.

Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zadzidzidzi

Ngati wina wamwa opioid yochuluka kwambiri, ikhoza kukhala kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso. Ichi ndi vuto lachipatala lomwe lingakhale pachiwopsezo cha moyo. Zizindikiro za kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso ndi izi:

• Kupuma kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri kapena kumasiya.
• Milomo yabuluu ndi misomali.
• Thupi limakhala lopanda moyo.
• Kugona tulo tofa nato, osatha kudzutsidwa ngakhale ndi kulankhula.
• Maso a ana aang'ono kwambiri (monga nsonga ya pini).

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri zokhudza poizoni wotere, mutha kuyimbira National Poison Information Centre ku Colombo National Hospital . Mankhwala otchedwa 'Naloxone' amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipatala kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid.

Kodi izi ndizoyenera amayi apakati ndi oyamwitsa?

Kawirikawiri ma opioid savomerezedwa panthawi ya mimba. Izi zili choncho chifukwa mankhwala omwe mayi akumwa amatha kukhudza mwana m'mimba. Mwanayo akhozanso kukhala ndi chizolowezi chomwa mankhwalawa. Mwanayo akangobadwa, amathanso kusonyeza zizindikiro zosiya kumwa mankhwala (neonatal abstinence syndrome). Uwu ndi vuto lopweteka kwambiri kwa mwana. Komanso, mankhwalawa amatha kupita kwa mwana kudzera mu mkaka wa m'mawere. Chifukwa chake, ngati ndinu mayi woyamwitsa, muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwalawa ndikukambirana njira ina yotetezeka.