Kodi mwamvapo za 'Black Death' m'mabuku a mbiri yakale? Mungadabwe kudziwa kuti mliri waukuluwu, womwe kale unkaopseza dziko lonse lapansi, ukuchitikabe mpaka pano. Mu zamankhwala amakono, timatcha matendawa kuti mliri. Musalole kuti dzinali likuopseni; mosiyana ndi kale, ngati litapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, limachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Tiyeni tikambirane zonse zomwe muyenera kudziwa bwino.
Kodi Mliri ndi Chiyani Kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, mliriwu ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudza anthu ndi nyama, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wa Yersinia pestis . Nthawi zambiri umafalikira ndi utitiri. Taganizirani izi: utitiri ukaluma nyama yodwala ngati mbewa kapena gologolo, mabakiteriya amalowa mu utitiri. Utitiriwo ukakuluma , mabakiteriya amalowa m'thupi lanu, ndipo mumatenga matendawa. Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amatha kufalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nyama yodwala kapena anthu odwala.
Mwamwayi, tili ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri cha matenda opatsirana otere kuposa makolo athu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mliriwu ukhale wosowa kwambiri masiku ano. Milandu yochepa chabe ndi yomwe imanenedwa padziko lonse lapansi chaka chilichonse. Komabe, imaonedwabe ngati vuto lalikulu kwambiri .
Kodi Mitundu Yaikulu ya Mliri Ndi Iti?
Mliriwu uli m'magulu atatu akuluakulu, ndipo uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe ake apadera. Tebulo ili pansipa likukuthandizani kufotokoza izi.
| Mtundu wa Mliri | Kutumiza ndi Chilengedwe |
|---|---|
| Mliri wa Bubonic | Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri, womwe nthawi zambiri umafalikira polumidwa ndi utitiri womwe uli ndi kachilomboka. Pakatha masiku 2-8, mabakiteriya amachulukana m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti adzipe. Malo olumikizirana mafupa opweteka komanso otupa awa amatchedwa "buboes." |
| Mliri wa Septicemia | Izi zingachitike chifukwa cholumidwa ndi utitiri kapena kugwira nyama yodwala. Ngati sichinachiritsidwe, mliri wa bubonic plague ungapitirire kufika pamlingo uwu pamene mabakiteriya akulowa m'magazi. |
| Mliri wa Chibayo | Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri komanso woopsa chifukwa ndi mtundu wokhawo womwe ungafalikire mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Umafalikira popuma madontho opatsirana kuchokera ku chifuwa kapena kuyetsemula kwa munthu. Umakula mofulumira kwambiri (mkati mwa masiku 1-3). |
Kodi Zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera patatha masiku 1 mpaka 8 munthu atadwala. Anthu ambiri amayamba kuona zizindikiro monga kutopa kwambiri, kutentha thupi mwadzidzidzi, kuzizira, komanso mutu . Zizindikiro zina zimatsatira kutengera mtundu wa matendawa.
Zizindikiro za Mliri wa Bubonic
Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino ndi mawonekedwe a "buboes" - ma lymph nodes otupa komanso opweteka omwe amapezeka m'khwapa, m'mimba, kapena pakhosi. Popanda chithandizo, mabakiteriya amatha kufalikira mbali zina za thupi.
Zizindikiro za Mliri wa Septicemia
Izi ndi zoopsa kwambiri kuposa mliri wa bubonic chifukwa mabakiteriya amalowa m'magazi mwachindunji. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi:
- Kutuluka magazi mkamwa, m'mphuno, kapena m'matumbo, komanso kutuluka magazi pansi pa khungu .
- Kuda kwa minofu, makamaka pa zala, zala zakumapazi, kapena mphuno.
- Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba , kutsegula m'mimba , kusanza , ndi kugwedezeka.
Zizindikiro za Mliri wa Chibayo
Uwu ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri komanso woopsa kwambiri. Popanda chithandizo, umapha.
- Kupweteka pachifuwa.
- Kutsokomola, nthawi zina ndi magazi.
- Kuvuta kupuma.
- Kusanza ndi kusanza.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi—makamaka ngati mwakhalapo kudera lomwe makoswe amapezeka kwambiri —funani thandizo lachipatala mwamsanga ku dipatimenti yothandiza anthu mwadzidzidzi yapafupi . Ngati mliri wayamba, ola lililonse ndi lofunika kwambiri.
Kuzindikira ndi Kuchiza
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ndipo mwakhalapo m'dera lomwe mliriwu umadziwika kuti ulipo kapena womwe ungachitikepo, dokotala wanu adzaganizira izi. Kuti atsimikizire, adzayitanitsa mayeso a labu pa zitsanzo za magazi kapena madzi ochokera ku lymph node yotupa kuti akawone Yersinia pestis .
Kudziwa nthawi ndikofunikira kwambiri pa chithandizo.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, dokotala wanu adzakugonetsani kuchipatala ndipo nthawi yomweyo adzayamba kulandira mankhwala opha maantibayotiki. Mankhwala odziwika bwino ndi awa:
- Ciprofloxacin
- Doxycycline
- Gentamicin
- Levofloxacin
Mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri, ndipo ndi maantibayotiki, anthu ambiri amachira pasanathe sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti popanda chithandizo, mliriwu umapha anthu ambiri. Ngati mukukayikira zizindikiro zilizonse, pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.
Momwe Mungadzitetezere
Palibe katemera wa mliriwu womwe ulipo kwambiri, kotero kupewa ndikofunikira. Nazi njira zosavuta kuti mukhale otetezeka:
- Sungani nyumba yanu kukhala yoyera: Tsekani mabowo kapena ming'alu yomwe ingalole makoswe kulowa m'nyumba mwanu.
- Yeretsani malo ozungulira: Sungani bwalo lanu mwaukhondo pochotsa milu ya udzu, matabwa, kapena miyala komwe nyama zingabisale.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo: Ngati mukuyenda m'mapiri kapena kupita kumadera akumidzi, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi DEET pakhungu lanu kuti muteteze ku utitiri.
- Pewani nyama zakuthengo: Musakhudze nyama zakuthengo zamoyo kapena zakufa. Ngati muyenera kuzigwira, nthawi zonse valani magolovesi.
- Samalirani ziweto zanu: Onetsetsani kuti agalu ndi amphaka anu ali ndi chithandizo choyenera chopewera utitiri.
- Musalole ziweto zomwe zimayendayenda panja kugona pabedi panu.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mliriwu ndi matenda oopsa a bakiteriya omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu .
- Amafalikira makamaka chifukwa cha kulumidwa ndi utitiri womwe umakhala pa nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka monga makoswe.
- Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo kutentha thupi mwadzidzidzi, kuzizira, ndi kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes (buboes).
- Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi, makamaka mutapita kumadera omwe makoswe amapezeka kwambiri, funani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo .
- Kusunga malo aukhondo, kupewa kukhudzana ndi nyama zakuthengo, komanso kusamalira ziweto zanu kungathandize kupewa matenda.
Mliri, Imfa Yakuda, Matenda opatsirana, Yersinia pestis, Mliri wa Bubonic
