Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa ya m'mimba! Tiyeni tikambirane za izi.

Nthawi zina timamva za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa yomwe akazi amadwala. Pakati pawo, khansa ya m'mimba ndi yosowa kwambiri, koma ndi chinthu chomwe tiyenera kudziwa. Mungamve mantha pang'ono mukamva izi, koma musadandaule. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa. Ndiye, popanda mantha, tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane?

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, khansa ya m'mimba ndi khansa ya maselo omwe ali mkati mwa nyini yanu. Monga mukudziwa, nyini ndi chiwalo chonga chubu chomwe chimalumikiza chiberekero chanu (gawo la pansi la chiberekero chanu) ndi ziwalo zanu zakunja zoberekera (vulva).

Kawirikawiri, zimachitika kuti khansa imayamba kwina m'thupi, monga khansa ya pachibelekero kapena khansa ya m'chiberekero, ndikufalikira kumaliseche. Komabe, sizimachitika kawirikawiri kuti khansa iyambe mumaliseche okha. Ndicho chifukwa chake timaitcha khansa ya m'chiberekero .

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya m'mimba ndi iti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone ngati pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya m'mimba. Inde, ilipo. Imatchedwa ndi mtundu wa maselo omwe ali mu nyini komwe khansa imayambira.

• Khansa ya squamous cell: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Pali maselo athyathyathya omwe ali mkati mwa nyini yanu, otchedwa squamous cells. Awa ndi maselo omwe khansa iyi imayambira. Pafupifupi 90% ya khansa zonse za nyini ndi zamtunduwu.
• Adenocarcinoma: Izi zimayambira m'maselo a nyini. Zimapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 50. Komabe, pali mtundu wapadera wa khansa iyi wotchedwa clear cell adenocarcinoma . Mtundu uwu wa khansa umapezeka kwambiri mwa akazi osapitirira zaka 50 omwe adamwa mankhwala otchedwa diethylstilbestrol (DES) ali m'mimba. Kale, DES inkagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa mavuto panthawi ya mimba.
• Khansa ya m'mimba: Nyini yanu ili ndi maselo otchedwa melanocytes omwe amapatsa mtundu, ndipo khansa iyi imayambira m'maselo amenewo. Komabe, khansa ya m'mimba mwa nyini ndi yosowa kwambiri.
• Sarcoma: Izi zimayambira mu minofu yolumikizana ndi minofu yomwe imapanga khoma la nyini. Monga melanoma, sarcoma iyi ndi yosowa kwambiri. Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya sarcoma. RhabdomyosarcomaMtundu wofala kwambiri umatchedwa ``Leiomyosarcoma``, womwe umapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitilira 50.

Kodi khansa imeneyi ndi yofala bwanji?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti khansa ya m'mimba iyi ndi yofala bwanji. Ndipotu, ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri. Azimayi amodzi okha pa akazi 100,000 ndi omwe amadwala matendawa, ndipo mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi squamous cell carcinoma. Ponena za khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya m'mimba ndi 1% mpaka 2% yokha.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'mimba?

Chabwino, kodi ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa ya m'mimba? Tiyeni tiwone ngati muli ndi zinthu izi zomwe zingakuchititseni mantha:

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 60: Chiwopsezo chanu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa khansa, squamous cell carcinoma, nthawi zambiri umapezeka mwa anthu azaka zoposa 60. Komabe, nthawi zina imatha kupezeka mwa anthu osakwana zaka 60.
• Ngati mwakhala mukutenga kachilombo ka papillomavirus ka munthu ( HPV ): HPV ndi kachilombo kopatsirana pogonana. Kakhoza kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pachibelekero ndi khansa ya m'chiberekero. Kukhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri zogonana popanda kulandira katemera wa HPV kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha matendawa.
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VAIN): VAIN imatanthauza kuti maselo omwe ali mu nyini yanu ndi osazolowereka, koma si khansa. Anthu ena omwe ali ndi VAIN amatha kukhala khansa ya nyini, koma si aliyense amene amachita zimenezo. Izi zili choncho chifukwa ofufuza sakudziwabe bwinobwino. Muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza VAIN ngati muli ndi HPV.
• Ngati mudadwalapo khansa ya pachibelekero kapena cervical dysplasia kale: Mutha kukhalabe ndi khansa ya pachibelekero mutalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya pachibelekero. Komanso, ngati muli ndi maselo osazolowereka pa chiberekero chanu (cervical dysplasia), zimenezo zingakuwonjezereni chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya pachibelekero .
• Ngati mwakhala mukumwa mankhwala otchedwa diethylstilbestrol (DES): DES ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi estrogen omwe anaperekedwa kuti apewe mavuto panthawi ya mimba pakati pa 1940 ndi 1971. Ngati amayi anu adamwa DES ali ndi pakati panu, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa yotchedwa adenocarcinoma.
• Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya: Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya m'mimba kawiri.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba ndi ziti?

Ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro za khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, nthawi zina mungakhale ndi khansa iyi popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Mukapita kukayezetsa matenda nthawi zonse, dokotala wanu angapeze maselo osazolowereka ndikukuuzani kuti muli nawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupita kukayezetsa matenda nthawi zonse. Dokotala wanu amatha kuzindikira khansa iyi ngakhale thupi lanu silikukuuzani chilichonse.

Komabe, zizindikiro zikaonekera, mukhoza kuona zinthu monga:

• Kutuluka magazi kumaliseche pambuyo pa kugonana (uku ndi kutuluka magazi komwe sikukhudzana ndi kusamba ).
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba pambuyo pa kusamba (ndiko kuti, kusamba kutatha kwathunthu).
• Kutuluka kwa madzi m'mimba, komwe kumatuluka magazi, kapena komwe kuli ndi fungo loipa.
• Kumva kupweteka panthawi yogonana.
• Kumva ngati chotupa mu nyini.
• Ululu mukamakodza kapena kumva ngati ukukodza pafupipafupi.
• Kudzimbidwa kapena kutuluka ndowe zakuda.
• Kumva kufunika kochita chimbudzi ngakhale matumbo ali opanda kanthu.
• Kupweteka m'chiuno.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti kukhala ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi sikutanthauza kuti nthawi zonse ndi vuto lalikulu monga khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndikofunikira kupita kwa dokotala mwachangu kuti akayezetsedwe.

Kodi zimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba ndi ziti?

Ofufuza sakudziwa bwino chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, monga momwe zilili ndi khansa ya m'mimba, akuganiza kuti pali mgwirizano pakati pa khansa ya m'mimba ndi mitundu ya HPV yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba amakhala ndi ma antibodies ku mitundu ya HPV yomwe imagwirizanitsidwa ndi khansa ya m'mimba.

Kodi khansa iyi imafalikira bwanji?

Mukudziwa momwe maselo a khansa amachitira zinthu. M'malo mokula, kugawikana, kenako n’kufa ngati maselo wamba, maselo a khansa amapitiriza kukula. Maselo amenewa amagawikana ndikupanga zotupa. Pakapita nthawi, zotupazi zimatha kufalikira (kufalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, ndipo zimathanso kulowa m'thupi lathanzi. Maselo a khansa ya kumaliseche amachita chimodzimodzi.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imapezeka bwanji?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Kenako, adzayesa kangapo kuti aone ngati pali khansa kapena maselo omwe asanafike khansa. Njira zojambulira zithunzi zingathandize kudziwa siteji (siteji) ya khansa, kapena ngati khansayo yafalikira.

Kuyesa

Kawirikawiri, mudzayesedwa m'chiuno ndi kuyesedwa kwa Pap smear (Pap test). Ngati dokotala apeza maselo osazolowereka, mungafunike mayeso ena, monga colposcopy ndi biopsy ya m'mimba. Biopsy iyi ndiyo mayeso okhawo omwe angatsimikizire ngati khansa ilipo.

• Kuyezetsa m'chiuno: Dokotala adzayang'ana maliseche anu akunja (vulva) ndikuyika zala ziwiri mu nyini yanu kuti aone ngati pali vuto lililonse. Nyini idzakulitsidwa pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chotchedwa speculum kuti muwone bwino njira ya nyini ndi chiberekero.
• Kuyeza magazi m'mimba: Pamene mukusunga maliseche anu otseguka pogwiritsa ntchito speculum, dokotala wanu adzagwiritsa ntchito chida chonga spatula ndi burashi kuti achotse maselo ang'onoang'ono ochokera ku chiberekero chanu. Maselo amenewa adzatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe ngati ali ndi zizindikiro za khansa kapena kachilombo ka HPV.
• Colposcopy: Mu mayeso awa, dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito chida chowunikira chotchedwa colposcope kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa nyini ndi pachibelekero chanu kuti awone maselo osazolowereka.
• Kufufuza kwa maselo a khansa: Kufufuza kwa maselo a khansa nthawi zambiri kumachitika nthawi imodzi ndi kusanthula kwa maselo a khansa. Dokotala amatenga chithunzi cha minofu ndikuchitumiza ku labu kuti akaone ngati pali maselo a khansa.

Kukonza masitepe

Kuyeza magawo ndi njira ina yomwe dokotala wanu angadziwire kuchuluka kwa khansa yanu. Khansa ya kumaliseche imagawidwa m'njira zitatu zazikulu: kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe yafalikira mkati mwa nyini, kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes, komanso kuchuluka kwa khansa yomwe yafalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi (yomwe yafalikira). Magulu atatuwa amatchedwa T (chotupa), N (ma nodes), ndi M (yomwe yafalikira).

Dokotala akhoza kudziwa siteji ya khansa yanu pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso kuchokera ku zotsatira za mayeso ndi mayeso omwe angayang'ane mkati mwa thupi.

Njira zojambulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa siteji ya khansa ndi izi:

• X-ray
• Kujambula kwa Computerized Tomography (CT)
• Chithunzi cha Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
• Kujambula kwa Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

MRI ingapereke tsatanetsatane wa kukula kwa chotupacho. Kujambula kwa PET kungasonyeze ma lymph nodes osazolowereka.

• Cystoscopy: Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuona ngati khansa yafalikira ku chikhodzodzo. Pa mayeso awa, chubu chaching'ono chowala chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa mu chikhodzodzo chanu.
• Proctoscopy: Izi zingathandize kuona ngati khansa yafalikira ku matumbo ang'onoang'ono kapena ku rectum. Apanso, chubu chaching'ono chowala chokhala ndi kamera chimayikidwa mu rectum yanu.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mimba chimadalira mtundu wa khansa, gawo la khansayo, ndi zaka zanu. Pamodzi ndi zaka zanu, kaya mukufuna kukhala ndi ana kapena ayi zingakhudzenso zisankho za chithandizo.

Kawirikawiri, opaleshoni ya laser ndi mankhwala ochizira pakhungu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza maselo omwe asanafike khansa. Khansa yofalikira m'mimba nthawi zambiri imafuna opaleshoni, radiation, ndi chemotherapy. Muthanso kuchita chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi pamodzi.

Opaleshoni

• Kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa m'dera lonse: Dokotala amachotsa chotupa cha khansa pamodzi ndi minofu yathanzi yozungulira.
• Kuchotsa nyini (kagawo kapena kwakukulu): Kutengera kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, dokotala wanu angachotse gawo kapena mbali yonse ya nyini yanu. Kutengera ndi momwe khansa yafalikira, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuchotsa ma lymph node (kuduladula ma lymph node) ndikuchotsa chiberekero ndi khomo lachiberekero (hysterectomy).
• Kutulutsa ziwalo m'chiuno: Opaleshoni iyi imachotsa ziwalo zingapo m'chiuno mwanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo gawo la pansi la matumbo anu akuluakulu (rectum), chikhodzodzo, chiberekero, khomo lachiberekero, nyini, mazira, ndi ma lymph nodes apafupi. Bowo (stoma kapena ostomy bag) limapangidwa m'mimba mwanu kuti mukhodze kukodza ndikuchita chimbudzi. Opaleshoni iyi ingaganizidwe ngati khansa yabwerera.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Chithandizo cha radiation ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowunikira, monga X-ray, kupha maselo a khansa kapena kuwaletsa kugawikana.

• Chithandizo cha radiation yakunja: Makina omwe ali kunja kwa thupi lanu amatsogolera kuwala kwa radiation yamphamvu kwambiri pa chotupa chanu.
• Chithandizo cha radiation yamkati: Mawaya otsekedwa kapena ma catheter okhala ndi zinthu zowopsa amayikidwa mkati mwa nyini yanu, kaya mkati kapena pafupi ndi chotupacho.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Chemotherapy yokha si mankhwala othandiza a khansa ya m'mimba. Komabe, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe nthawi yomweyo ndi chithandizo cha radiation kuti iwonjezere mphamvu yake. Nthawi zina, chemotherapy imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza zotupa zomwe zatha pambuyo pa chithandizo kenako n’kubwereranso.

Mayeso azachipatala

Dokotala wanu angakupempheni kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala kuti muyesere mankhwala atsopano a khansa omwe akupangidwa. Mabungwe monga American Cancer Society ndi National Cancer Institute ndi malo abwino oti mudziwe zambiri za mayeso azachipatala omwe akupitilira pa chithandizo cha khansa ya m'mimba.

Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mimba?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kupeweratu, zinthu zotsatirazi zingathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo:

• Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyesedwa m'chiuno ndi magazi. Kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu za kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe muyenera kuyesedwa ndi dokotala wa matenda a akazi.
• Pezani katemera wa HPV. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera wa HPV. Pakadali pano pali katemera atatu ovomerezeka ndi FDA: Gardasil, Gardasil 9, ndi Cervarix.
• Musasute fodya. Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zonse, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mimba.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha khansa ya m'mimba ndi chotani?

Kuyembekezeka kwa munthu amene ali ndi khansa ya m'mimba kumadalira siteji yomwe yapezeka. Khansa ya m'mimba yomwe yapezeka msanga nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino. Kenako mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathunthu. Khansa zomwe zapezeka mochedwa, kutanthauza kuti, pamapeto pake, zimakhala zovuta kuchiza. Zingafunike chemotherapy yopitilira ndi njira zina zochiritsira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse, ngakhale simukumva kudwala. Funsani upangiri wa dokotala mukangozindikira zizindikiro zilizonse.

Mafunso ena omwe amafunsidwa kawirikawiri

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ingayambe?

Inde, n'zotheka kutenga khansa m'chikazi. Komabe, nthawi zambiri khansa imayamba m'chikazi yokha. Nthawi zambiri, khansa yomwe imayamba kwina m'thupi imafalikira ku chikazi. Khansa yomwe imafalikira ku chikazi nthawi zambiri imayambira m'chikazi chanu (khansa ya pachibelekero) kapena mkati mwa chiberekero chanu (khansa ya chiberekero / khansa ya endometrial).

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chizindikiro cha chiyani?

Kutuluka magazi m'mimba ndi chizindikiro chofala cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'mimba, khansa ya pachibelekero, khansa ya m'chiberekero, ndi khansa ya m'chiberekero. Komabe, kutuluka magazi m'mimba si chizindikiro cha khansa, koma kungakhale chizindikiro cha matenda ena ambiri. Chifukwa chake, musaganize kuti muli ndi khansa chifukwa chakuti mukutuluka magazi m'mimba. Koma onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala ndikuyesedwa.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba imamveka bwanji?

Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya m'mimba ndi kutuluka magazi popanda ululu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungamve chilichonse ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Nthawi zina, mungamve kupweteka m'chiuno, kupweteka mukamakodza , kapena kusasangalala chifukwa cha kudzimbidwa.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya m'mimba, ndikofunikira kukambirana moona mtima ndi dokotala wanu za mtundu wa khansa, ngati yafalikira, komanso njira zina zochiritsira. Kuyezetsa kwanu kumadalira zinthu zambiri. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri woti afotokoze momwe matendawa angakukhudzireni.

Pakadali pano, kumanga gulu lothandizira lolimba lomwe limaphatikizapo banja lanu, abwenzi, opulumuka khansa, ndi ena omwe adakumanapo ndi khansa ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa dongosolo lanu la chisamaliro. Lankhulani ndi mlangizi kuti mukambirane za momwe mukumvera pankhani ya matenda anu. Ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zosowa zanu zamaganizo, komanso chisamaliro chachipatala chomwe mumalandira.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tiwone mfundo zazikulu zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zonsezi:

• Ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'mimba ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri , ndikofunikira kuidziwa.
• Yesani mayeso a m'chiuno nthawi zonse komanso mayeso a Pap. Izi zimatha kuzindikira matenda a m'chiuno akadali aang'ono.
• Kulandira katemera wa HPV kungathandize kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa ya m'chiberekero. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
• Pewani kusuta fodya.
• Ngati mukuona zizindikiro monga kutuluka magazi m'mimba mosadziwika bwino, kutuluka magazi mosadziwika bwino, kapena kupweteka panthawi yogonana, musanyalanyaze. Funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa, musachite mantha. Pali madokotala, alangizi, ndi magulu othandizira kuti akuthandizeni. Pezani chidziwitso choyenera ndikuyang'anizana ndi chithandizo mwamphamvu.