Ni nde muganga w’imitsi n’ubwonko? Reka tubirebe!

Ushobora kuba warumvise umuganga wawe avuga ko ugomba kubonana na 'neurophysiologist'. Cyangwa wenda wumvise izina ry'iryo zina ukibaza uti "Oh, uwo ni umuganga umeze ute?" Mu by'ukuri, nubwo rishobora kumvikana nk'ijambo rigoye, aba bantu bagira uruhare runini cyane. Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku muganga w'ubwonko uwo ari we n'uko bashobora gufasha ubuzima bwawe.

Ni nde muganga w’imitsi n’ubwonko? Mu magambo make...

Mu magambo make, umuhanga mu by'imitsi ni umuganga w’inzobere mu by'ubuzima wibanda ku mikorere y’imitsi yawe, cyane cyane imikorere yayo y’amashanyarazi. Ibyo bivuze ko bareba niba ubwonko bwawe, umugongo (umutsi uri mu mugongo wawe), n'indi mitsi ikora neza. Bashobora gukora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bafashe gusuzuma indwara zishobora kuba zifitanye isano n’imitsi.

Tekereza nawe, umubiri wacu umeze nk'imashini igoye cyane. Ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cy'iyi mashini ni sisitemu y'imitsi . Ikintu cyose utekereza, icyo wumva, icyo ukora cyose - kuva ku kuzunguza ukuboko kugeza ku gutera k'umutima wawe - kigenzurwa n'iyi sisitemu y'imitsi. Bityo, inzobere mu by'ubwonko idufasha kureba niba hari ikibazo kuri iyi sisitemu n'uko ikora.

Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati y'inzobere mu by'imitsi n'inzobere mu by'imitsi?

Iki ni ikintu gitera urujijo abantu benshi. Inzobere mu by'imitsi ni inzobere mu bijyanye n'ubwonko .

Tekereza kuri ubu buryo, inzobere mu ndwara z’imitsi ni umuganga ufite ubumenyi bwinshi mu bintu byose bifitanye isano n’imitsi yawe - imiterere yayo isanzwe, imikorere yayo, n’imiterere iyigiraho ingaruka. Ni bo basanzwe basuzuma kandi bakavura indwara z’imitsi.

Inzobere mu by’imitsi ni inzobere mu by’imitsi ikora ku buryo butandukanye, ni ukuvuga uburyo ikora. Bakora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bapime iyo mikorere kandi basesengure ibisubizo by’ibizamini.

Igikuru ni uko umuhanga mu by’imitsi adakunze gutanga inama ku kuvura indwara z’imitsi. Ibyo bikorwa n’umuhanga mu by’imitsi . Ariko, umuhanga mu by’imitsi ashobora gufasha cyane mu kumenya neza indwara iyo ari yo, mu yandi magambo, mu gutanga isuzuma nyaryo .

Ni iki mu by'ukuri umuhanga mu by'imitsi akora?

Inzobere mu by’imitsi isuzuma kandi igasuzuma indwara zigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’imitsi yawe. Bakoresha cyane cyane ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bafate imikorere y’amashanyarazi y’imitsi yawe.

Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'abahanga mu by'imitsi:

1. Abaganga b'indwara z'ubwonko n'imitsi babaze

2. Abahanga mu by'imitsi n'ubwonko mu by'ubuvuzi

Inshingano za bombi ziratandukanye gato. Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'imitsi na bo bakora ubushakashatsi cyane.

Abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi n'ubwonko babaga

Nk’uko izina ribigaragaza, aba bantu bari mu itsinda ry’ababaga. Bakorana bya hafi n’abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga nka anesthesiologists n’abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga ubwonko.

Mu gihe cyo kubaga, uyu muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko asuzuma akanagenzura uturemangingo tw’imitsi yawe. Bitewe n’ubwoko bw’ubuvuzi burimo gukorwa, ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bushobora gufasha abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga kugabanya ibyago bikomeye byo kugira ibibazo nko gucika intege, kumva nabi, cyangwa gucika intege mu bwonko. Ibi byitwa gukurikirana indwara z’ubwonko mu gihe cyo kubaga (IONM) .

Zimwe mu ngeso aba bantu bakunze kubagwa ni izi zikurikira:

• Kubagwa uruti rw'umugongo .
• Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo kubaga ubwonko.
• Kubaga mu matwi, mu mazuru no mu muhogo (uburyo bwo kuvura indwara z'amaso).
• Kubagwa kw'imitsi yo mu mpande.
• Kubaga imitsi y'amaraso, nko kubaga indwara zo mu nda no mu gituza (Treacic-Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms) no kubaga imitsi y'amaraso mu gituza (TAAA).

Izi ni zimwe muri sisitemu zo gupima no gukurikirana abantu bakoresha mu gihe cyo kubaga:

• `SSEP (Somatosensory Evoked Potentials)`: Ibi bikubiyemo gutanga amashanyarazi make ku mitsi yo mu ruhande rw'amaboko cyangwa ukuguru kwawe. Hanyuma bipima uko ubwonko bwawe, uturemangingo tw'imitsi, cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo wawe bibyitwaramo. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu kubaga uruti rw'umugongo, mu kubaga ubwonko no mu mitsi yo mu ruhande rw'amaboko.
• `TCeMEP (Transcranial Electrical Motor Evoked Potentials)`: Iki kizamini gikubiyemo gushyira ingufu z'amashanyarazi kuri `Motor Cortex`` y'ubwonko bwawe no kwandika uburyo umugongo wawe cyangwa imitsi yo mu ngingo zawe ibyitabira. Ibi bikunze gukoreshwa mu kubaga uruti rw'umugongo.
• "BSEP (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potentials)":Ibi bikubiyemo kumva ijwi, akenshi "gukanda" ukoresheje ecouteur, no kureba uko ubwonko bwawe bubyitwaramo. Ibi bifasha gukurikirana imikorere y'ubwonko no kubungabunga amatwi mu gihe cyo kubaga kugira ngo bikureho ibibyimba nka acoustic neuromas na brainstem tumors.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Iyi mashini ikora amashanyarazi asanzwe mu bwonko. Ikoreshwa mu gukumira kwangirika guterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso mu bwonko (ischemia) mu gihe cyo kubaga nka Carotid Endarterectomies na Aneurysm clippings, no kugenzura imikorere n' "ubuzima" bw'ubwonko.

Abahanga mu by'imitsi yo mu bwonko

Aba bantu bakorana bya hafi n'abaganga b'indwara z'imitsi n'abaganga b'imitsi. Basuzuma imikorere y'imitsi yawe kandi bagasuzuma indwara z'imitsi n'iz'ubwonko. Bitewe n'uko umeze, ibi bizamini bishobora gukorwa mu bitaro cyangwa mu gihe uri mu bitaro.

Dore bimwe mu bipimo byakoreshejwe n'abahanga mu by'imitsi:

• EMG (Electromyography): Ibi bipima ubuzima n'imikorere y'imitsi yawe n'imitsi iyiyobora. Bishobora gufasha mu gusuzuma indwara zitandukanye, harimo Peripheral Neuropathy, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Muscular Dystrophy, na Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
• Inyigo yo Gutwara Imitsi (NCS): Iyi nyigo isuzuma uburyo imitsi yawe yo mu gice cy'imbere ikora neza. Ishobora kumenya niba imitsi yo mu gice cy'imbere yangiritse n'aho yakwirakwiriye. Akenshi, ibizamini bya EMG na NCS byombi bikorerwa hamwe.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Ibi bikubiyemo gushyira utuntu duto ku mutwe wawe no kwandika imikorere y'amashanyarazi ava mu bwonko. Ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma indwara nko gucika intege n'ibindi bintu bitandukanye mu mitsi yo hagati.
• Ikizamini cy’ubushobozi bwo gupima: Ibi bizamini bipima imikorere y’amashanyarazi mu bice bitandukanye by’ubwonko bwawe n’umugongo wawe bitewe n’ikintu runaka gitera imbaraga. Ibi bishobora kwerekana uburyo ibimenyetso by’imitsi binyura mu bwonko vuba kandi burundu. Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwabyo, nka Brainstem Auditory Evoked Response (BAER), Visual Evoked Potential (VEP), na Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP).
• Inyigo y'ibitotsi / Polysomnography:Ibi bikorwa ukomeza kwandika uburyo sisitemu zitandukanye z'umubiri wawe (nk'umutima, guhumeka, n'imikorere y'ubwonko) bikora mu gihe usinziriye. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane mu gusuzuma indwara zo gusinzira.

Ese inzobere mu by'imitsi yiga mu ishuri ry'ubuganga?

Yego rwose! Inzobere mu by'imitsi ni umuganga. Bajya mu ishuri ry'ubuganga kugira ngo babone ubu buhanga.

Ni gute umuntu aba umuhanga mu by'imitsi n'ubwonko?

Kugira ngo umuntu abe inzobere mu by'imitsi n'ubwonko, agomba kurangiza izi ntambwe z'uburezi n'amahugurwa:

• Ugomba kubanza kurangiza amasomo y’imyaka ine y’inzobere mu buvuzi muri kaminuza cyangwa muri kaminuza hanyuma ukabona impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza.
• Nyuma y'ibyo, ugomba kwiga imyaka ine mu ishuri ry'ubuganga hanyuma ukabona impamyabumenyi ya "Doctor of Medicine - MD" cyangwa "Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine - DO".
• Ugomba kurangiza imyitozo ngororamubiri y'umwaka umwe mu buvuzi rusange.
• Hanyuma, bitewe na gahunda, ugomba kurangiza gahunda yo kwiga ubwonko , ishobora kumara imyaka ine.

Bamwe mu bantu, nyuma y’ubu burezi, bajya muri gahunda z’ubusabane kugira ngo bunguke ubumenyi bwimbitse mu ishami ry’ubwonko. Urugero, bashobora kwibanda ku bice nk’igicuri, indwara z’imitsi n’ibitotsi.

Rero, niba umuganga akeka ko ufite ikibazo cy’imitsi, cyangwa niba waramaze kugisuzuma, umuganga w’imitsi ashobora kuba ari umwe mu bagize itsinda ry’abaganga. Ni inzobere mu mwuga wabo, kandi bazi neza ibizamini biheruka bishobora gusuzuma imikorere y’imitsi yawe. Ntugatinye kubaza ibibazo umuganga wawe w’imitsi. Barahari kugira ngo bagufashe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi cyane ugomba kwibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Sawa, reka turebe bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuzeho:

• Inzobere mu by’imitsi ni inzobere mu kwiga uburyo uturemangingo tw’imitsi, turimo ubwonko, uruti rw’umugongo n’imitsi, bikora. Bakora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo bafashe mu gusuzuma indwara.
• Ubusanzwe inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi ni yo itanga ubuvuzi, ariko inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi igira uruhare runini mu gusuzuma neza indwara.
• Aba bantu bakoresha ibizamini bitandukanye byihariye (urugero: `EEG`, `EMG`, `NCS`, `Evoked Potentials`) kugira ngo barinde uturemangingo tw’imitsi kwangirika mu gihe cyo kubagwa no gusuzuma indwara z’imitsi.
• Iyo umuganga akubwiye kujya kwa muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko, bivuze ko ashaka gusuzuma byimbitse imikorere y’imitsi yawe.Ntutinye, bizagufasha kuvurwa neza.
• Ugomba kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo byose ufite, byaba ku bipimo byawe cyangwa indwara yawe. Ufite uburenganzira bwo kumenya byose neza.

Ndizera ko ubu usobanukiwe neza uwo ari we muganga w’indwara z’ubwonko n’icyo akora. Niba ufite ibindi bibazo, menya neza ko wavugana na muganga wawe.

` Neurophysiology, Neurophysiologist, Udutsiko tw'imitsi, Ibipimo by'ubwonko, Isuzuma ry'ubwonko, EEG, EMG, Gukurikirana kubagwa