Ese wigeze uhagarara gato utekereza ukuntu guhumeka byoroshye ari ibintu bitangaje? Nubwo bisa nkaho ari ibintu bisanzwe, hari inkuru ishimishije ibera inyuma ya buri guhumeka, iyobowe n'imwe mu ngingo z'ingenzi mu mubiri wawe: ibihaha byawe. Reka turebere hamwe ibihaha byawe hano muri Nirogi Lanka. Turagaragaza uko bikora, imimerere isanzwe bihura nayo, n'uburyo ushobora kubyitaho neza mu magambo yoroshye kandi yoroshye kumva.
Ibihaha byawe ni ibihe?
Mu magambo make, ibihaha byawe ni byo bice bibiri by'ingenzi bishinzwe guhumeka kwawe. Ni byo bigize urusobe rw'ubuhumekero bwawe—urusobe rutangaje rukurura umwuka mu mubiri wawe, rukanyunyuza umwuka wa ogisijeni ukeneye, kandi rukavanamo imyuka mibi udakeneye.
Ufite ibihaha bibiri, biri ku mpande z'ibumoso n'iburyo z'igituza cyawe. Igituza cyawe—agace kari hagati y'ijosi ryawe n'inda yawe—kibamo ibi bice by'umubiri, birinzwe n'agace gato kandi gatemba kitwa pleura . Ushobora kubifata nk'igipfundikizo cy'igitabo.
Igihaha cy'ibumoso n'iburyo - Indirimbo ebyiri zihindagurika
Nubwo ibihaha byawe bisa neza, buri kimwe gifite imiterere yihariye.
- Ibihaha by'iburyo: Ibi bigabanyijemo ibice bitatu byitwa superior lobe, middle lobe, na inferior lobe. Ni bigufi gato ariko binini ugereranije n'ibihaha byawe by'ibumoso.
- Igihaha cy'ibumoso:Ibi bigizwe n'ibice bibiri gusa: igice kinini cy'umutima n'igice cy'umutima gito. Ese wigeze wibaza impamvu igihaha cy'ibumoso ari gito? Ni ukugira ngo umutima wawe ugire umwanya, uherereye ibumoso gato. Igihaha cy'ibumoso gifite akantu kitwa "cardiac notch" kugira ngo kabeho. Byongeye kandi, igihaha cy'ibumoso gifite akantu gato, kameze nk'ururimi mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umutima kizwi nka lingula , ikintu kitaboneka mu gihaha cy'iburyo.
Ni iyihe nshingano y'ibanze y'ibihaha byawe?
Akazi k'ingenzi k'ibihaha byawe ni uguha umubiri wawe ogisijeni ukeneye mu gihe ukuramo umwuka mubi wa dioxyde de carbone. Iki gikorwa kibaho inshuro zigera kuri 12 kugeza kuri 20 ku munota, ndetse no mu gihe uri kuruhuka. Tekereza gato—iki gikorwa cy'ingenzi ntikigera gihagarara, ndetse no mu gihe usinziriye!
Urugendo rutangaje rw'umwuka
Iyo uhumeka unyuze mu mazuru cyangwa mu kanwa, umwuka ubanza kugera inyuma y'umuhogo wawe, uzwi ku izina rya pharynx. Hanyuma unyura mu kanwa k'ijwi ryawe, ukinjira mu muhogo (umuyoboro w'umwuka).
Uduce tw’imiyoboro y’amaraso (trachea) duhinduka imiyoboro ya Y tuyitwa imiyoboro y’uburo, hamwe n’umuyoboro umwe ugana kuri buri gihaha. Kugira ngo ibihaha byawe bikore neza, iyi miyoboro y’ubuhumekero igomba kuguma isuku kandi idafite ububyimbirwe cyangwa kuziba kw’imitsi.
Iyi miyoboro y'ubuhumekero irushaho kwishyira mu nzira nto z'ubuhumekero zitwa bronchi, zigacikamo amashami mato cyane azwi nka bronchioles . Aya iherezo rivamo uduce duto tw'udufuka tw'umwuka tumeze nk'imizabibu twitwa alveoli .
Ogisijeni irinjira, Dioxyde de Carbone irasohoka!
Aha niho habera ubumaji: mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Ogisijeni iva mu mwuka uhumeka inyuzwa muri utu dufuka ikagera mu maraso yawe. Aya maraso akungahaye kuri ogisijeni ahita ajya mu mutima, akayapompa mu mubiri wawe wose kugira ngo atunga uturemangingo twawe.
Uko uturemangingo twawe dukora, dukora dioxyde de carbone nk'imyanda. Iyi dioxyde de carbone isubira mu maraso ikagaruka mu bihaha byawe. Iyo uhumeka, uba ukuye iyi myanda mu mubiri wawe neza.
Abarinzi b'ibihaha byawe
Uduce tw’ubuhumekero twawe dufite ubushobozi butangaje bwo gukumira ibintu byangiza mu bihaha byawe:
- Umwotsi wo mu mazuru: Utu dukoko dukora nk'akayunguruzo karemano, tugafata uduce duto tw'umukungugu n'ibindi bintu by'amahanga mbere yuko byinjira mu bihaha byawe.
- Ibihumyo mu ndege: Ibi bigumana ubushuhe mu nzira z'ubuhumekero kandi bigafata umukungugu na bagiteri .
- Cilia: Utu duce duto, tumeze nk'umusatsi dukora nk'umuhini, tugakurura uduce twafashwe hejuru kugira ngo ubashe gukorora cyangwa kubikuraho. Imwe mu ngaruka zo kunywa itabi ni uko byangiza utu duce twa cilia, bikongera cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'ibihaha.
Ibintu Bitangaje Ku Bihaha Byawe!
Dore ibintu bitangaje ushobora kuba utari uzi:
- Ushobora kubaho uramutse uvanyeho igice cy'ibihaha gusa, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe, ndetse n'igihaha kimwe gusa.
- Ibihaha ni cyo gice cyonyine mu mubiri w'umuntu gishobora kureremba hejuru y'amazi!
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho ishobora gufasha kongera ubushobozi bw'ibihaha byawe—ingano y'umwuka ibihaha byawe bishobora kubika.
- Ibihaha by'umuntu mukuru birimo alveoli iri hagati ya miliyoni 300 na 500. Biragoye rwose kubisobanukirwa!
Ibihaha byawe biherereye he kandi bisa bite?
Ibihaha byawe biri mu gituza cyawe, biruhukiye hejuru y'agahu , umutsi munini w'ingenzi mu guhumeka.
Ibihaha bizima ubusanzwe biba bifite ibara ry'umutuku wijimye. Niba warabonye amashusho agereranya ibihaha by'umuntu unywa itabi n'utarinywa, ushobora kubona ko ibihaha byangiritse bisa n'imvi yijimye cyangwa bifite utudomo tw'umukara. Imiterere yabyo ni mpandeshatu, akenshi ugereranije n'amatwi y'inzovu.
Igihaha cy’umuntu mukuru gipima hafi ikilo kimwe. Iyo gihumeka mu buryo busanzwe, kiba gifite uburebure bwa santimetero 25, kikagera kuri santimetero 10.5 mu gihe cyo guhumeka cyane.
Ni ibihe bibazo bikunze kugira ingaruka ku bihaha byacu?
Ikibabaje ni uko ibihaha byacu bishobora kwibasirwa n’indwara zitandukanye. Bimwe ni bito kandi bigakira vuba, mu gihe ibindi ari bikomeye cyane kandi bishobora gusaba ubuvuzi bw’igihe kirekire. Dore bimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara mu myanya y’ubuhumekero:
- Asbestosis: Ibikomere by'ibihaha n'imitsi yo mu maraso biterwa no guhumeka insinga za asbestos.
- Asima: Indwara aho inzira z'ubuhumekero zifungana, bigatera ingorane zo guhumeka .
- Bronchiectasis: Kubyimba kw'inzira z'ubuhumekero (bronchi) bikunze gutera inkorora idashira hamwe n'ibicurane no guhumeka bigoranye.
- Bronchite: Irangwa n'inkorora; iyi ishobora kuba indwara 'ikomeye' ikemuka cyangwa indwara 'idakira' y'igihe kirekire.
- COPD (Indwara y'ibihaha idakira): Indwara y'ibihaha ikomeza kandi idakira ituma guhumeka bigorana.
- COVID-19: Indwara ya virusi ishobora gutera indwara z'ubuhumekero kuva ku zoroshye kugeza ku zikomeye.
- Igifu: Indwara y'ubuhumekero ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bana bari munsi y'imyaka 5.
- Cystic Fibrosis: Indwara ikomoka ku rubyaro aho ururenda rwinshi kandi rufatana ruhurira mu bihaha no mu zindi ngingo z'umubiri.
- Grippe: Indwara y'ibihaha iterwa na virusi izwi cyane nka grippe.
- Kanseri y'ibihaha: Kunywa itabi ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi gishobora gutera iyi ndwara.
- Mesothelioma: Ubwoko bwihariye bwa kanseri buterwa ahanini no guhumeka insinga za asbestos.
- Umusonga: Indwara y'ibihaha ishobora gutera amazi menshi mu bihaha kandi akenshi isaba kujya mu bitaro.
- Fibrose y'ibihaha: Inkovu zidakira mu bihaha zigatera ibibazo bikomeye byo guhumeka.
- Utudomo tw’ibihaha: Utudomo mu bihaha; akenshi tuba 'tutari kanseri'.
- Virusi ya RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Indwara y'ubuhumekero yibasira abana bato ndetse n'abantu bakuru.
- Igituntu: Gikunze kwibasira ibihaha ariko gishobora no kwibasira ibindi bice by'umubiri wawe.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara y'ibihaha, kandi wabimenya ute?
Ushobora kubona ibimenyetso bikurikira niba ufite ikibazo cy'ibihaha:
- Kubura umwuka (Dyspnea): Kumva udashobora kubona umwuka uhagije, ndetse no mu gihe cy'imyitozo ngororamubiri mito.
- Kubabara mu gituza: Kubabara mu gituza iyo uhumeka cyangwa ukorora.
- Inkorora: Cyane cyane inkorora idakira cyangwa inkorora ikora amaraso.
- Umunaniro: Kumva unaniwe cyangwa ufite intege nke bidasanzwe.
- Guhumeka: Urusaku rwinshi rw'amajwi iyo uhumeka.
- Kubyimba mu tuguru no mu birenge.
Icy'ingenzi: Niba ubonye ibi bimenyetso, nyamuneka gana muganga vuba. Gusuzuma indwara hakiri kare n'itsinda rya Nirogi Lanka bituma umusaruro w'ubuvuzi bwawe urushaho kuba mwiza.
Ni ibihe bipimo bikoreshwa mu gusuzuma niba ibihaha byawe ari bizima?
Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, bazasuzuma indwara yawe binyuze mu isuzuma ry’umubiri n’ibindi bikoresho byo gusuzuma indwara.
Isuzuma ryawe ry'umubiri
- Muganga wawe azatega amatwi ibihaha byawe akoresheje stethoscope kugira ngo amenye amajwi adasanzwe nka 'Crackles/Rales' (amajwi asohoka), 'Humura' (gucura), cyangwa 'Stridor' (guhumeka cyane).
- Bazabara uburyo uhumeka (inshuro uhumeka ku munota).
- Bashobora kumva ibihaha byawe mu gihe uvuga kugira ngo barebe niba nta buryarya bw'ijwi ryawe.
- Pulse Oximetry: Agakoresho gato gafatanye n'urutoki rwawe gapima urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso yawe.
Uretse isuzuma ry'umubiri, muganga wawe ashobora gutegeka ko hakorwa ibindi bipimo.
Ibizamini byo Gushushanya
Ibi bizamini bifasha muganga wawe kwiyumvisha imbere mu bihaha byawe.
- X-ray yo mu gituza
- Isuzuma rya CT (Computed Tomography)
- Ultrasound
- Isuzuma rya MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha
Ibi bizamini bipima uburyo ibihaha byawe bikora neza, ingano y'umwuka bishobora gufata, n'uburyo winjiza n'uko usohora umwuka neza.
- Spirometry
- Isuzuma ry'umubiri (Body Plethysmography)
- Isuzuma ry'ikwirakwizwa ry'amakuru
- Ikizamini cya nitrike oxide isohoka
- Isuzuma ry'ingano y'ibihaha
- Ikizamini cyo guhumeka Methacholine
- Ikizamini cyo kugenda n'amaguru cy'iminota itandatu
Uburyo bwo kuvugurura ibintu bugezweho
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo kureba inzira z'ubuhumekero bwawe akoresheje kamera, gusuzuma indwara z'ibihaha no gufata ingero z'umubiri, cyangwa se no kubaga igituza. Ibi bikorwa hifashishijwe ikinya.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara z'ibihaha?
Gahunda zo kuvura zishingira gusa ku ndwara wisuzumisha ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange. Gahunda yawe ishobora kuba ikubiyemo imiti, imyitozo ngororamubiri, ibikoresho byabugenewe byo kwa muganga, cyangwa kubaga.
Imiti
Ibi bishobora gutangwa binyuze mu guhumeka, imashini zigabanya ubushyuhe, ibinini binyobwa, cyangwa inshinge.
- Steroids: Kugabanya ububyimbirwe mu nzira z'ubuhumekero.
- Antibiyotike: Kuvura indwara zandurira mu mikorobe.
- Imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bw'amaraso: Kugira ngo ufungure inzira z'ubuhumekero; iboneka mu bwoko bwa 'Short-acting' na 'Long-acting'.
- Mucolytics: Kugabanya ururenda no koroshya gusohoka mu bihaha byawe.
- Ubuvuzi bwa Ogisijeni: Kugira ngo wongere urugero rwa ogisijeni yawe.
- Ubwivumbure n'imirasire: Kuvura kanseri y'ibihaha.
- Inkingo: Kugira ngo zikurinde indwara z'ubuhumekero.
Imyitozo n'ibikoresho
- Uburyo bwihariye bwo guhumeka, nka 'Pursed Lip Breathing' na 'Diaphragmatic Breathing'.
- 'Ibikoresho byo gusohora umwuka' nka 'Vest Therapy' kugira ngo bifashe gukuraho amatembabuzi.
Kubaga
Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, kubagwa bishobora kuba ngombwa.
- Gukuraho agace kamwe k'ibihaha (Lobectomy) .
- Gukuraho utunyangingo tubiri tw'ibihaha (Bilobectomy) .
- Thoracentesis , uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukura amazi arenze urugero mu mwanya ukikije ibihaha.
- Gukuraho igihaha cyose (Pneumonectomy) .
- Gutera ibihaha .
Ni gute wakomeza kugira ubuzima bwiza bw'ibihaha byawe? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)
Iki gishobora kuba ari cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Hari intambwe nyinshi ushobora gutera kugira ngo ibihaha byawe bikomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza cyangwa ucunge neza ibibazo by'ubuhumekero.
- Intambwe y'ingenzi cyane ni ukureka kunywa itabi niba unywa itabi. Harimo no kunywa itabi ry'uburozi. Ni yo mpano ikomeye ushobora guha ibihaha byawe.
- Komeza kugira ibiro byiza. Ibiro byinshi bishobora kugabanya umwanya ibihaha byawe bikenera kugira ngo byaguke neza.
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe. Ariko, nyamuneka banza uganire na muganga wawe mbere yo gutangira gahunda nshya y'imyitozo ngororamubiri.
- Kurya indyo yuzuye kandi ijyanye n'ubuzima bwiza.
- Komeza kunywa amazi menshi (keretse muganga wawe yagusabye kugabanya amazi unywa).
- Komeza umenye amakuru agezweho ku bijyanye n'inkingo nk'uko muganga wawe yabigusabye, nk'inkingo za grippe na pneumonia.
- Karaba intoki zawe kenshi kugira ngo wirinde kwandura indwara.
- Irinde kwegerana n'abantu barwaye.
Wibuke ko nubwo uburyo bwawe bwo guhumeka bufite ubwirinzi bw’ibanze, ibihaha bishobora kurwara. Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zihita zikira vuba, izindi zikaba zikomeye kandi zidakira. Niba urwaye indwara y’ibihaha igihe kirekire, muganga wawe w’ibanze ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’ibihaha . Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni ugukurikiza inama z’itsinda ry’abaganga bawe neza.Ibi bizagufasha guhumeka byoroshye uko bishoboka kose. Niba ugize ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka gitunguranye, nyamuneka hamagara 911 cyangwa usure ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse riri hafi yawe.
👩🏽⚕️ Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa (Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa)
💬 Kuki ibihaha byacu ari ingenzi cyane ku mubiri wacu?
Ibihaha byawe ni byo bikurura umwuka mu mubiri wawe. Bifata umwuka uhumeka ukawushyira mu maraso yawe mu gihe bikura umwuka wa karuboni, umwuka w’imyanda, mu mubiri wawe.
💬 Ni iki gitera igabanuka ryihuse ry'ubuzima bw'ibihaha?
Kunywa itabi ni cyo kintu cyangiza ibihaha byawe kurusha ibindi. Ibinyabutabire biri mu mwotsi w'itabi bigabanya intege nke z'uturemangingo tworoheje mu bihaha byawe, ibyo bikaba byatera indwara zidakira, harimo na kanseri y'ibihaha.
💬 Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo kubungabunga ubuzima bw'ibihaha byanjye?
Ushobora kurinda ibihaha byawe utigera unywa itabi, ugakora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho y’umutima n’imitsi, ukora imyitozo ngororamubiri yo guhumeka cyane, kandi wambaye agapfukamunwa ahantu hadafite umwuka mwiza.
Nirogi Lanka, ibihaha, uburyo bwo guhumeka, guhumeka, ogisijeni, indwara z'ibihaha, ibihaha bizima
