Ese umwana wawe muto ntajya aguma ahantu hamwe? Ese yiruka nk'umumotari? Ese ahita yinjira mu gihe muganira? Ku babyeyi bamwe, ibi biramenyerewe cyane, kandi bishobora kuba ibintu birushya cyane. Nubwo abantu benshi batekereza ko ibi ari amahano y'umwana cyangwa ubunararibonye, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikintu cyimbitse kurushaho. Uyu munsi turimo kuvuga kuri ADHD, ari na yo ndwara.
Mu magambo make, ADHD iterwa n'ihungabana rikomeye ni iki?
Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bw'indwara yo kudatekereza neza/kubura imbaraga nyinshi, izwi kandi nka ADHD. ADHD yo gukora cyane no kugira impulsive, twavuga uyu munsi, ni imwe muri zo. Irangwa no kubura amahoro, gukora cyane no kugira imyumvire ihubutse. Muri make, aba bana bafite ingeso yo gukora mbere yo gutekereza.
Ese umwana wawe ahura n'ingorane yo kwicara atuje? Ese avuga mu bihe bitamukwiye? Ibi ni byo twita gukora cyane. Nanone, ibintu nko gusimbuka iyo uri kuvuga cyangwa kudategereza igihe cye mu gihe ukina bishobora kwitwa guhubuka.
Iyi ndwara ishobora no kugaragara ku bantu bakuru, ariko ntabwo ikunze kugaragara ku bana. Uku gushyuha cyane gushobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko tugenda dukura.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara? Uyimenya ute?
Mbere na mbere, ntabwo bishoboka kwemeza neza ko umwana wawe afite ADHD mu kizamini kimwe gusa. Muganga wawe azabanza kugerageza kwemeza izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera iyi myitwarire. Urugero, imihangayiko iterwa n'ibibazo byo mu muryango, kutabona neza , cyangwa ubumuga bwo kwiga bishobora kugora umwana gukomeza kwibanda ku kintu kimwe.
Iyo umuganga akeka ko afite ADHD, azibanda cyane ku bimenyetso bikurikira. Ibi bimenyetso bigomba kuba bihari byibuze mu gihe cy'amezi 6 .
| Ibimenyetso/Imyitwarire | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Guhindagura/Guhindagura | Kudashobora kwicara neza, guhora uhinda umushyitsi no gutitira. |
| Kuvuga Ubudahagarara | Kuganira ku buryo buhoraho bitajyanye n'uwo munsi. |
| Ntibyanga akazi gatuje | Kugorwa no kwita ku mirimo isaba kwitonda, nko gusoma igitabo cyangwa gushushanya ishusho. |
| Imikorere "imeze nk'iya moteri" | Kwiruka hirya no hino kuva ahantu ujya ahandi, ntushobora kwicara. |
| Guhora uhaguruka kandi ugendagenda | Guhora uhaguruka wicaye, uzamuka ku ntebe, ku meza no ku bikoresho byo mu nzu. |
| Kutihangana | Gutegereza ku murongo, ntashobora gutegereza igihe cyawe. |
| Gusohora amagambo | Gusubiza ikibazo mbere yuko kirangira, gutanga ibitekerezo mu bihe bitakwiye. |
| Kubangamira | Kubangamira ibiganiro n'imikino by'abandi. |
| Kwirengagiza akaga | Gukora udasobanukiwe n'akaga k'imimerere runaka. |
Igikuru ni uko atari buri mwana wese wirukanka agakina afite ADHD. Kugira ngo witwa ADHD, ibi bimenyetso bigomba kugira ingaruka zigaragara ku buzima busanzwe bw'umwana (nk'ishuri, imibanire n'inshuti).
Kugira ngo umuganga amenye ku mugaragaro ADHD, azasuzuma ibindi bintu byinshi:
- Turimo kureba niba ibi bimenyetso byaratangiye mbere y'imyaka 12 .
- Turareba niba ibi biranga umuntu bigaragara atari ahantu hamwe gusa (nk'iwabo), ahubwo n'ahantu henshi (nk'iwabo no ku ishuri) .
- Turimo gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo nta yindi ndwara ishobora gusobanura iyi myitwarire .
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya ADHD n'izindi ndwara?
Hari ubundi bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa ADHD, bwitwa ADHD idakora neza . Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga ubwo bwoko ni ukugorwa no kwitondera ibintu. Tekereza, aba bana barangazwa byoroshye n'ibindi bintu, akenshi basa n'abari mu isi y'inzozi, akenshi batakaza ibintu, bakora amakosa mato, kandi bakagorwa no kurangiza imirimo batangira. Ariko ntibagaragaza gutuza cyangwa guhubuka cyane nk'ubwoko bwa Hyperactive-Impulsive twavuze mbere.
Ariko mu by’ukuri, abantu benshi bafite ubwoko bwombi bw’ibice. Byitwa Ubwoko Buvanze . Ibyo bivuze ko bigora kuguma ahantu hamwe no gukora ibintu bigora.
Kuki iki kibazo kibaho?
Kimwe n'ubwoko bwose bwa ADHD, impamvu nyayo ntirasobanuka neza. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuga ko hari igice cy’uturemangingo . Ibi bivuze ko uturemangingo twanduzwa ababyeyi tujya ku bana dushobora kugira uruhare. Iyo umuntu wo mu muryango wa hafi afite ADHD, umwana aba afite amahirwe menshi yo kuyirwara.
Byongeye kandi, hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi byongera ibyago:
- Umubyeyi unywa itabi cyangwa anywa inzoga mu gihe atwite.
- Kubyara igihe kitageze .
- Kuvuka ufite ibiro bike cyane.
- Kurya ibintu by'uburozi nka lisansi mu bwana.
- Ibikomere byo mu bwonko.
Ababyeyi benshi bemera ko isukari ituma abana bagira ibibazo. Nyamara, nta gihamya ya siyansi igaragaza ko isukari itera cyangwa irushaho kuba mbi ku ndwara ya ADHD. Nubwo havugwa isano iri hagati y'amabara y'ubukorano n'ibintu bibungabunga ubuzima (inyongera ku biribwa) na ADHD, ntabwo biragaragazwa.
Ivurwa ite?
Noneho, ubu iyo ndwara imaze kumenyekana, intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukuvurwa. Gahunda yo kuvura izaba itandukanye kuri buri mwana. Hari igihe ushobora kugerageza uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo ubone icyo gikora neza ku mwana wawe. IbiUrugendo rw'ubufatanye hagati yawe, umwana wawe, na muganga wawe.
Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi butangirana n'imiti. Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'imiti.
1. Imiti Itera Ingufu
Nubwo iyi miti yitwa "stimulants", ntabwo itera imbaraga abana bafite ADHD, ahubwo irabatuza.
- Methylphenidate (urugero: Ritalin, Concerta)
- Dexmethylphenidate (urugero: Focalin)
- Lisdexamfetamine (urugero: Vyvanse)
- Imiti yo mu bwoko bwa Amphetamine (urugero: Adderall)
Ibi biza mu buryo butandukanye, nko mu binini, mu mazi, no mu bisigazwa by'uruhu. Si buri mwana wese uzagirira akamaro imiti imwe, bityo muganga wawe azahitamo umuti mwiza ku mwana wawe.
2. Imiti idatera imbaraga
Nubwo ibi bidakora vuba nk'imiti itera imbaraga, bishobora kugira ingaruka nke.
- Atomoxetine (Strattera)
- Guanfacine (Intuniv)
- Clonidine (Kapvay)
Hari igihe imiti ivura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso hamwe n'imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ishobora gufasha mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bya ADHD.
Menya ingaruka mbi z'imiti.
Mu gihe ukoresha imiti, ni ngombwa cyane kumenya ingaruka mbi. Vugana na muganga wawe ku mugaragaro.
| Ingaruka zisanzwe | Ingaruka mbi zidasanzwe ariko zikomeye (bimenyesha muganga ako kanya) |
|---|---|
|
Ingaruka mbi nk'izi ntizikunze kubaho cyane. Ariko niba umwana wawe agaragaje ibimenyetso bidasanzwe, hamagara muganga wawe ako kanya. Muganga azajya asuzuma buri gihe uburebure bw'umwana wawe, ibiro bye, umuvuduko w'amaraso ye, n'uko umutima we utera mu gihe afata imiti.
Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire
Uretse imiti, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku myitwarire nabwo ni ingenzi.Umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze cyangwa umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze afasha umwana kumenya no kugenzura imyitwarire ye idatuje kandi irangwa no guhubuka.
- Nditoza gukurikiza gahunda za buri munsi.
- Bifasha kunoza ubumenyi mu mibanire n'abandi.
- Hashyizweho uburyo bwo gutanga ibihembo n'ingaruka ku babyeyi n'abarimu kugira ngo babashe gushishikariza imyitwarire myiza no gutanga ingaruka ku myitwarire mibi.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- ADHD iterwa no gukora cyane si imyitwarire "mibi" cyangwa "iteye isoni" ku mwana, ni indwara igomba kuvurwa.
- Niba ufite gushidikanya ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, ntugatekereze cyangwa ngo ushake inama ku muganga wujuje ibisabwa.
- Uruvange rw'imiti n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire akenshi ni byo bigira akamaro cyane mu kuvura.
- Buri gihe vugana na muganga wawe ku miti umwana wawe afata, urugero rwayo, n'ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho.
- Nk'ababyeyi, urukundo rwanyu, kwihangana kwanyu, n'inkunga yanyu ni ingenzi cyane ku mibereho myiza y'umwana wanyu.
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