Ese umwana wawe ahora ahindagura kandi ahindagura? Ese ntiyumva umwarimu mu ishuri, cyangwa ukunda kwinubira ko atarangije akazi amaze kukatangira? Cyangwa, wenda wowe, nk'umuntu mukuru, birakugora gukomeza kwibanda ku kazi kandi akenshi ukibagirwa ibintu? Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso bya Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , cyangwa ADHD , indwara abantu benshi bavugaho. Iyi si imyitwarire mibi cyangwa ubunebwe gusa, ahubwo ni indwara ijyanye n'imikorere y'ubwonko . Reka tumenye byinshi kuri ibi uyu munsi.
Nta kizamini kimwe gihari cyo gusuzuma ADHD, ni inzira ikorwa!
Abantu benshi batekereza ko hari ikizamini kimwe, nko gupima amaraso, kugira ngo bamenye ADHD. Ariko si ko bimeze. Gusuzuma ADHD ni uburyo burambuye bwo gusuzuma bukorwa n'inzobere . Ni nko gukemura ikibazo cy'amayobera. Umuganga akusanya amakuru yerekeye umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru mu mpande zitandukanye kandi akabireba byose kugira ngo agere ku mwanzuro wa nyuma.
Ubusanzwe iyi gahunda iba ikubiyemo ibi bikurikira:
- Ibiganiro n'abantu ba hafi y'umwana, nk'ababyeyi n'abarimu.
- Imyitwarire y'umwana cyangwa umuntu mukuru igenzurwa na muganga ubwe.
- Gukoresha ibibazo byihariye cyangwa ibipimo byo gupima kugira ngo upime ibimenyetso bya ADHD.
- Ibizamini byo mu mutwe no mu buvuzi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa iz'umubiri.
Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, hari izindi ndwara nyinshi zishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bisa na ADHD, bityo ni ngombwa ko uhabwa isuzuma rikwiye, bitabaye ibyo ushobora kuvurwa nabi.
Ni gute umuganga akusanya amakuru?
Kugira ngo umuganga amenye neza uko umwana ahagaze, akeneye kumenya neza ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi, imyitwarire ye, n'uburyo yiga/akora.
Ibiganiro n'umuryango n'abarimu
Iki ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane. Muganga ashobora kukubaza wowe n'abarimu b'umwana wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:
- Hari undi muntu mu muryango wawe ufite ADHD cyangwa ibimenyetso bisa nabyo? (Iyi ndwara ishobora kugaragara mu miryango.)
- Ese umwana wawe aragorwa cyangwa arahinda umushyitsi iyo asabwe kuguma ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire?
- Ese iyo utangiye igikorwa, cyane cyane ikigoye, uhagarara hagati yacyo utarangije?
- Biterwa byoroshye n'ijwi cyangwa igikorwa cyo hanzeEse igihe cyawe cyo kwita ku bintu kigabanuka?
- Ese unaniwe kwihangana kandi ntushobora gutegereza igihe cyawe?
- Umwana wawe yari afite imyaka ingahe igihe wabonaga iyi myitwarire bwa mbere?
- Ni mu bihe ibihe ibi bimenyetso bikunze kugaragara?
- Ni iki kivugwa ku makarita ya r EPO rt atangwa n'amashuri?
Kwitegereza imyitwarire
Hari igihe muganga ashobora guha wowe n'umwarimu ikaye cyangwa urutonde rw'ibyo umwana wawe agomba kwandika mu minsi mike. Aha niho bazibanda cyane ku bintu nk'ibi.
| Ikiranga cyagaragaye | Ingero |
|---|---|
| Kugorwa no kwita ku mabwiriza | Nubwo basa n'aho bumva ibivugwa, mu by'ukuri ntibabikora. |
| Gutakaza ibintu kenshi | Buri gihe ndatakaza amakaramu, uduhanaguzo, ibitabo n'ibikinisho. |
| Kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe (Guhindagura/Gushyuha) | Buri gihe iyo nicaye ku ntebe ndazunguza amaboko n'amaguru. |
| Kugira imyitozo myinshi mu bihe bitabereye | Iyo uri ku murongo, wiruka kandi ugasimbuka igihe cyose ushaka gukina bucece. |
| Gusubiza vuba/kubangamira abandi | Asubiza ikibazo mbere yuko cyumvwa neza. |
Izindi ndwara zifite ibimenyetso bisa na ADHD
Ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe by’ingenzi bivugwa ko ari ADHD bishobora guterwa n’izindi mpamvu z’umubiri cyangwa iz’imitekerereze, bityo muganga azabisuzuma.
- Ingorane z'umubiri: Kutabona neza cyangwa kutumva neza, uburozi bwinshi nka lisansi mu maraso, n'ibibazo bya hormone ya tiroyide nabyo bishobora gutuma umuntu atabasha kwita ku bintu.
- Izindi ndwara zo mu mutwe: Hari igihe ibimenyetso by'imihangayiko, kwiheba, indwara zo mu mutwe ziterwa no kutiga, n'ibibazo byo mu myigire bishobora gusa na ADHD.
- Ibipimo by'ubwonko: Hari ubwo, iyo habayeho ikindi kibazo cy'imitsi gikekwa, hashobora kuba inama yo gukora ikizamini cya EEG (Electroencephalogram), gipima imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'ubwonko, cyangwa CT cyangwa MRI scan, ireba imiterere y'ubwonko. Ariko, ibi bizamini ntibikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ADHD mu buryo butaziguye , ahubwo bikoreshwa mu kugenzura izindi ndwara.
Ni ubuhe bwoko butatu bw'ingenzi bwa ADHD?
Dukurikije amabwiriza y’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe b’Abanyamerika, ADHD igabanyijemo ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi. Kugira ngo umuntu amenye ADHD, ibimenyetso bigomba kuba bihari kuva mu bwana kandi bikagira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara ku bintu bibiri cyangwa byinshi, nko mu rugo, ku ishuri/ku kazi.
| Ubwoko bwa ADHD | Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi |
|---|---|
| 1. Ubwoko bwo kutita ku bintu |
|
| 2. Ubwoko bw'ingufu zikabije | |
| 3. Ubwoko buvanze | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane, kandi ibimenyetso by'ubwo bwoko bwombi (kutita ku bintu no gukora cyane-guhubuka) biragaragara hamwe. |
Gusuzuma ADHD mu bantu bakuru
Uburyo bumwe bukurikizwa iyo umuntu asuzumye ADHD mu bantu bakuru. Ariko, ni ngombwa cyane kwemeza niba ibi bimenyetso byaragaragaye mu bwana . Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, muganga ashobora kandi kuvugana n'umukunzi wawe, ababyeyi bawe, cyangwa abandi bagize umuryango wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- ADHD si imyitwarire mibi cyangwa ubunebwe, ni indwara nyayo ishobora kuvurwa.
- Nta kizamini kimwe cyo gusuzuma ADHD gihari. Ni isuzuma rirambuye rikorwa na muganga.
- Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ADHD, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukumenya neza ko nta bindi bibazo by'umubiri cyangwa ibyo mu mutwe bihari.
- Nyuma yo gusuzuma neza, gahunda yo kuvura igizwe n'imiti, ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire, cyangwa byombi bishobora gufasha mu kurwanya ibimenyetso no kugira ubuzima bwiza.
- Niba ufite gushidikanya cyangwa ibibazo kuri ibi, nyamuneka vugana na muganga w'umuryango wawe cyangwa umuganga w'abana.
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