Urugingo rutangaje kandi rugoye cyane mu mubiri wacu ni ubwonko. Ni nk'igikoresho cyo mu bwoko bwa supercomputer. Ikintu cyose dutekereza, twumva, twibuka, kandi twiga kigengwa n'uru rugingo ruto. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku gice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'iyi supercomputer, "igishishwa" kiri hanze y'ubwonko. Mu buvuzi, iyi ngingo tuyita cortex yo mu bwonko , cyangwa `(Cerebral Cortex)`.
Cortex yo mu bwonko ni iki?
Mu magambo make, cortex yo mu bwonko ni urwego rwo hanze kandi rworoshye rukikije igice kinini cy'ubwonko bwacu cyitwa cerebrum. Niba wigeze kubona ifoto y'ubwonko, busa n'ubufite iminkanyari kandi buzinze, si byo se? Iyo minkanyari iterwa n'iyi cortex yo mu bwonko.
Tekereza, niba ushaka gushyira urupapuro runini mu gasanduku gato, ugomba kuruzingira no kurusya, si byo se? Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ubwonko bwacu bugizwe n'iminkanyari muri ubu buryo kugira ngo bushobore kwakira uturemangingo twinshi dushoboka. Iyi minkanyari yongera cyane ubuso bwa cortex y'ubwonko. Hafi santimetero kare 2,500 kugira ngo bibe neza neza! Ibi bituma ubwonko bwacu bushobora gutunganya amakuru menshi no gutekereza ibintu bigoye kurushaho.
Nubwo uru rwego rufite ubugari bwa milimetero nke gusa, rugize hafi 50% by'uburemere bwose bw'ubwonko bwacu. Bivugwa ko rugizwe n'uturemangingo tw'imitsi turi hagati ya miliyari 14 na 16.
Imiyoboro miremire ikorwa bitewe n'iyi minkanyari yitwa ``sulci``` naho imikufi yazamuwe yitwa ``gyri``. Iyi ni yo miterere icumbikiye uturemangingo tw'imitsi tubarirwa muri za miriyoni ari ingenzi mu mikorere y'ubwonko bwacu.
Kuki ibi byitwa 'Gray Matter'?
Ushobora kuba warumvise ijambo 'gray matter'. Ni cyo iki gice cya cortex yo mu bwonko gisobanura. Uturemangingo tw'imitsi muri iki gice ntabwo dufite igipfundikizo cy'ibinure cyitwa '(myelin)'. Niyo mpamvu ari imvi. Uduce tw'imitsi turi mu 'white matter' iri mu bwonko dutwikiriwe na '(myelin)', bityo ni umweru.
Ibice by'ingenzi bya cortex y'ubwonko n'imikorere yabyo
Ubwonko bwacu bugabanyijemo ibice bibiri bingana. Ni ukuvuga igice cy'ibumoso n'igice cy'iburyo . Ibi bice bibiri bihuzwa n'ikiraro gikozwe mu mitsi myinshi yitwa "corpus callosum". Ni muri ibi amakuru ahererekanywa hagati y'ibi bice byombi.
Byongeye kandi, buri gice cy'umubiri gikomeje kugabanywamo uturere tune tw'ingenzi, cyangwa utudomo. Buri gice cy'umubiri gifite imirimo yihariye. Reka turebe icyo ari cyo.
| Lobe | Imirimo y'ingenzi | Ibimenyetso by'ibyangiritse |
|---|---|---|
| Agace k'imbere k'inyuma Igice cy'imbere cy'ubwonko, inyuma y'agahanga |
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| Ijisho rya Parietal Hejuru y'umutwe, hagati y'amagufwa y'imbere n'ay'imbere |
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| Ijisho ry'igihe gito Hejuru y'udutsi two mu matwi, ku mpande zombi z'ubwonko |
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| Agahanga ko mu mutwe Inyuma y'umutwe, hejuru y'ijosi |
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Bigenda bite iyo cortex y'ubwonko yangiritse?
Hari impamvu nyinshi z'ingenzi zishobora gutuma iki gice cy'ingenzi cy'ubwonko cyangirika. Urugero:
- Ibibyimba byo mu bwonko
- Igisebe cy'imitsi
- Kuva amaraso mu bwonko
- Indwara z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri
- Ibikomere bikomeye ku mutwe
Nk’uko imbonerahamwe iri hejuru ibigaragaza, ibimenyetso biratandukanye cyane bitewe n’igice cy’ubwonko cyangiritse. Urugero, imico y’umuntu ishobora guhinduka iyo agace k’imbere k’ubwonko kangiritse. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kureba k’umuntu gushobora gutakaza iyo agace k’imbere k’ubwonko kangiritse.
Icy'ingenzi cyane: Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uzi afite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntukibwire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose ahubwo uhite ubonana n'umuganga wujuje ibisabwa. Ibibazo bijyanye n'ubwonko birakomeye cyane, bityo gusaba inama zihuse kwa muganga ni ngombwa.
Ubwonko ni bwo buyobora umubiri wacu. Ni bwo butuma tuba "twe." Kumenya ibi bintu kuri cortex y'ubwonko, igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'iyo mudasobwa ikomeye, bizadufasha cyane kumenya ubuzima bwacu.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Igihimba cy'ubwonko ni cyo gice cy'inyuma, gifite iminkanyari, kandi gitekereza cyane mu bwonko bwacu. Kitwa kandi "ibice by'umukara."
- Iminkanyari yayo n'imikufi yayo bituma ikomeza kugira uturemangingo tw'imitsi twinshi mu mwanya muto.
- Igabanyijemo ibice bine by'ingenzi (imbere, parietal, temporal, na occipital), buri kimwe muri byo gifite imirimo yihariye (nk'imvugo, kureba, kwibuka, no gufata ibyemezo).
- Ibimenyetso by'ibyangiritse ku gice cy'ubwonko biratandukanye bitewe n'aho byangiritse.
- Niba ufite ibimenyetso bifitanye isano n'ubwonko, ni ngombwa cyane kwirinda kwisuzuma no kubonana na muganga vuba bishoboka.
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