Ese twagombye kumenya neza ibijyanye n'imiti igabanya ububabare?

Ushobora kumva ufite isesemi rimwe na rimwe ndetse ukanaruka, sibyo? Birababaza cyane. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga ku bwoko bw'umuti ushobora gufasha mu kugenzura no guhagarika ibi bintu nko kugira isesemi no kuruka. Iyi ni yo twita imiti igabanya ububabare . Reka turebe iyo ari yo, uko ikora, n'igihe ikoreshwa.

Iyi miti yo kurwanya ububabare ni iyihe?

Mu magambo make, "Imiti igabanya ubushyuhe" ni imiti itangwa kugira ngo ikumire isesemi no kuruka, cyangwa kuyivura iyo bibaye. "Anti-`` bisobanura "kurwanya." Ijambo "-emetic" rikomoka ku ijambo "emesis". Mu buvuzi, ijambo "(emesis)`` rikoreshwa no mu kuruka. Rero, iyi ni imiti itangwa kugira ngo ikumire kuruka.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti "igabanya ububabare", ikaba ari "ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti". Imwe muri yo ushobora kuyigura muri farumasi udafite imiti (yitwa "Idatangwa na muganga" cyangwa "Idatangwa na muganga"). Ariko imwe muri yo ishobora gufatwa gusa ukoresheje imiti ya muganga (imiti ya muganga ). Kubera ko hari impamvu nyinshi zitera isesemi no kuruka, hari imiti yihariye ya "igabanya ububabare" ikwiriye buri mpamvu.

Ni ryari nkeneye umuti ugabanya kuruka?

Noneho ushobora kuba uri kwibaza uti 'None se ni ryari nakenera umuti nk'uyu?'

Mu by’ukuri, kuruka rimwe na rimwe ni uburyo bwo kurinda umubiri wacu. Tekereza nawe, niba urya ibiryo byangiritse, cyangwa niba urwaye igifu (grippe), ni byiza kuruka no gukuramo uburozi mu mubiri wawe.

Ariko, iyo kuruka cyane cyangwa bikunze kubaho, bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima. Urugero:

• Kuvunika kw'amagufwa bishobora no kubaho, cyane cyane ku bageze mu za bukuru.
• Kubura amazi mu mubiri ni ukubura amazi mu mubiri.
• Guturika k'umuyoboro w'amaso, bizwi kandi nka Boerhaave's syndrome.
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya .
• Kubura imirire (`Imirire mibi`).
• Impinduka mu mutwe.
• Enamel y'amenyo irashira.
• Ibikomere byo kubagwa bishobora kongera gufungura (`Gufungura ibikomere byo kubagwa`).

Kubera ibintu nk'ibi, hari igihe abaganga batanga uyu muti wa "Antiemetic" kugira ngo hirindwe kuruka cyangwa guhagarika kuruka kwatangiye.

Ubufasha ku isesemi no kuruka bidashira

Niba ufite isesemi ikomeye cyangwa igihe kirekire kandi uruka, muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira umuti witwa "Antiemetic". Reka turebe ingero zimwe na zimwe.

• Isesemi no kuruka bikomoka ku mirasire na chemotherapy (CINV): Isesemi cyangwa kuruka ni ingaruka zikunze kugaragara za chemotherapy. Uburyo bwo kuvura ubwonko, inzira y'igifu, cyangwa umwijima nabwo bushobora gutera izi ngaruka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abaganga bakugira inama yo gufata imiti igabanya ububabare mu gihe uri guhabwa chemotherapy cyangwa ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire. Ibi biterwa nuko isesemi no kuruka cyane bishobora kuba akaga ku muntu urwaye kanseri.
• Kurwara isesemi no kuruka mu gihe utwite (bizwi kandi nka "gurwara mu gitondo"): Hari abaganga batanga inama yo kuvura indwara zo mu nda zitangwa n'umuganga utari uwa muganga. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, kuri "hyperemesis gravidarum", abaganga batanga inama yo kuvura indwara zo mu nda zitangwa n'umuganga utari uwa muganga cyangwa se kuvura indwara zo mu nda zitangwa na muganga utari uwa muganga.

Igikuru ni ukuganira na muganga wawe ku gihe n'uburyo bwo gukoresha iyi miti ya `(Antiemetic)`. Hari igihe, cyane cyane mu bihe nka `(CINV)`, ushobora gukenera gukoresha `(Antiemetic)` irenze imwe. Niba ufite isesemi no kuruka mu gihe utwite , ugomba kuvugana na muganga mbere yo gufata umuti uwo ari wo wose muri farumasi.

Umuti wo kuvura isesemi no kuruka bitunguranye

Hari igihe, iyo hari igihe kigaragara ko hari isesemi no kuruka, abaganga batanga uyu muti wa "Antiemetic" kugira ngo bawurinde. Tekereza kuri ubu buryo.

Imiti myinshi, nka anesthesia (ikoreshwa mu gutera ikinya) na opioid , ishobora gutera isesemi no kuruka nk'ingaruka mbi. Abaganga bakoresha iyi miti mu bintu nk'ukubaga. Rero, kugira ngo hirindwe isesemi no kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa (isesemi no kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa - PONV), bazaguha umuti ugabanya ububabare.

Indwara yo mu kibuno no kurwara imitsi nabyo bishobora gutera isesemi no kuruka. Niba ugiye kuba mu bihe bishobora gutuma ubona ibi bimenyetso (urugero, mu rugendo rurerure, nko mu modoka ya bisi cyangwa ubwato), muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gufata umuti ugabanya ububabare.

Uretse ibi, hashobora kubaho izindi mimerere aho muganga ashobora kukwandikira umuti witwa "Antiemetic".

Ni iyihe miti ihari yo guhagarika kuruka?

Noneho reka turebe ubwoko bw'imiti igabanya ububabare ihari. Hari ahanini ibyiciro birindwi by'imiti "igabanya ububabare". Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti muri buri cyiciro.

1. Abarwanya serotonin

Iyi ni ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa cyane bwa "Antiemetic" butangwa by'umwihariko mu kuvura isesemi no kuruka. Ingero zabyo ni:

• `Granisetron (Kytril®)`
• `Ondansetron (Zofran®)`
• `Palonosetron (Aloxi®)`

Uyu muti wemejwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika ( FDA ) kugira ngo hirindwe ibi bikurikira:

• `CINV` (iseseme no kuruka bikomoka ku kuvura kanseri) hamwe n'iseseme no kuruka biterwa n'ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire.
• `PONV` (ibyo bivuze isesemi nyuma yo kubagwa no kuruka).

Ariko, hari igihe abaganga batanga iyi miti ku zindi ndwara. Ibi byitwa `gukoresha mu buryo butari ubwo mu rwego rwo kwirinda`, bivuze ko ikoreshwa mu zindi mpamvu zitari izemewe na FDA.

2. Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'ibinure

Antihistamines, cyane cyane izifunga umusemburo wa histamine 1 (H1), zikoreshwa cyane n'abaganga mu kugenzura ibimenyetso bijyanye n'ubwivumbure. Ariko, zimwe muri zo zemewe na FDA mu gukumira no kuvura isesemi no kuruka biterwa n'indwara yo mu mutwe no kuzungera. Hari igihe abaganga bashobora kuzitanga zitari iz'ingenzi mu gihe izindi miti zigabanya isesemi no kuruka mu gihe utwite zitagize icyo zikora. Dore ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imiti igabanya ubukana bwo kuruka:

• Ibinini byo guhekenya bya `Dimenhydrinate` (`Dramamine®`)
• Ibinini cyangwa utubumbe twa Diphenhydramine (Benadryl®)
• Vitamine B6 hamwe na 'Doxylamine succinate' - Ubu ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kuvura isesemi no kuruka mu gihe cyo gutwita.
• `Meclizine (Antivert®, Bonine®, Dramamine-N®)`
• `Promethazine (Phenergan®)`

Imiti nka diphenhydramine na dimenhydrinate nayo ishobora gufasha mu gukumira isesemi no kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa, ariko akenshi si yo miti ya mbere ikoreshwa muri ibyo.

3. Glucocorticoids

Glucocorticoids (cyangwa Corticosteroids) ni ubwoko bw'imiti abaganga bakoresha cyane cyane mu rwego rwo kurwanya allergie no kugabanya ububyimbirwe. Ariko, Glucocorticoids zimwe na zimwe zikora nk'imiti igabanya ububyimbirwe.

Dexamethasone (Baycadron Elixer®, Decadron®, Zema-Pak®, n'ibindi bicuruzwa) ni yo glucocorticoid nyamukuru ikoreshwa n'abaganga mu gukumira isesemi iterwa no kuvura kanseri na PONV (isesemi nyuma yo kubagwa).

Hari igihe abaganga batanga umuti wa `(Glucocorticoid)` hamwe n'ubundi bwoko bwa `(Antiemetic)` kugira ngo birinde isesemi no kuruka. Ariko bitandukanye n'ubundi bwoko bwa `(Antiemetic)`, `(Glucocorticoids)` ntabwo ivura isesemi no kuruka iyo bitangiye. Ni ukuvuga ko bitangwa gusa kugira ngo byirindwe.

4. Indwara zo kurwanya koleriji

Anticholinergics (izwi kandi nka antimuscarinics) ni ubwoko bw'imiti ibuza imikorere y'ikinyabutabire cyitwa acetylcholine (neurotransmitter). Ishobora gufasha kuvura indwara zitandukanye (nk'indwara yo kunanirwa kwihagarika inkari na COPD), kandi ishobora no gufasha mu kugira isesemi no kuruka.

Scopolamine (Maldemar, Scopace, Transderm Scop®) ni wo muti w’ingenzi ugabanya ubukana bw’indwara ya kolineriji ukoreshwa mu kuruka. Abaganga bawukoresha mu:

• Irinde kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa.
• Gukumira cyangwa kuvura isesemi iterwa n'"indwara yo kwihuta" (kuruka mu rugendo).

5. Antagonists za Neurokinin-1 receptor

Antagonists za Neurokinin-1 (NK-1) zikora mu kuziba ikintu karemano mu bwonko bwawe cyitwa neurokinin gitera isesemi no kuruka. Iyi miti ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kuvura isesemi iterwa na kanseri na PONV (isesemi nyuma yo kubagwa). Ifite kandi ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihangayiko (anxiolytic) no kurwanya indwara zo kwiheba.

Imiti iri muri iki cyiciro ni iyi:

• `Aprepitant (Aponvie®, Emend®` na` Cinvanti®) `
• `Fosaprepitant (Emend®` na` Focinvez®) `
• Uruvange rwa `Netupitant` na `palonosetron` (`Akynzeo®)`
• `Rolapitant (Varubi®)`

6. Antagonists ya dopamine

Antagonists ya dopamine ni ubwoko bw'imiti ibuza ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'uturemangingo mu bwonko bwawe gukora. Ni ingenzi mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zo mu mutwe n'ibimenyetso byazo, cyane cyane indwara zo mu mutwe na schizophrenia . Ariko, bumwe muri ubwo bwoko bushobora no gufasha mu kugira isesemi no kuruka.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imiti irwanya dopamine ikoreshwa mu kuruka:

• `Amisulpride (Barhemsys®)`
• "Chlorpromazine (Thorazine®)"
• `Droperidol (Inapsine®)`
• `Haloperidol (Haldol®)`
• `Metoclopramide (Reglan®, Gimoti®)`
• "Olanzapine (Zyprexa®, Lybalvi®, Symbyax®)"
• `Prochlorperazine (Compro®)`

Antagonists ya dopamine ni ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha `CINV` (kuruka guterwa na kanseri) mu gihe indi miti `(Antiemetic)` idakora neza. Ishobora kandi gufasha gukumira `PONV` (kuruka nyuma yo kubagwa).

7. Cannabinoide

Cannabinoids ni ubwoko bw'ibintu biboneka mu kimera cya cannabis (marijuana). Bifatanya na receptor za cannabinoid mu bwonko bwawe, mu gifu no mu turemangingo tw'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Cannabinoid zikorwa ni molekile zagenewe kwigana ingaruka za tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Kuri ubu hari ubwoko bubiri bwa cannabinoids zikozwe mu buryo bwa sintetike ku isoko zo gukoreshwa mu kurwanya indwara zo mu nda:

• `Dronabinol (Marinol®)`
• `Nabilone (Cesamet®)`

Ibi byemewe na FDA ku bijyanye no kwandura kanseri (CINV) kandi bigomba gukoreshwa gusa iyo imiti yo kugabanya ububabare bw'imbere mu mubiri yananiwe.

Cannabinoids ni ubwoko bushya bw'imiti igabanya ububabare. Abashakashatsi baracyari kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku buryo ikora.

Ni gute tubona uyu muti? (Uburyo bwo kuwutanga)

Imiti myinshi ya "Antiemetic" iboneka mu "mode" zirenze imwe. Ishobora kuba isa gutya:

• Ibinini binyobwa, bivuze ibinini binyobwa cyangwa bipfunyitse.
• Imiti ikoreshwa mu mitsi (IV), ari yo miti y'amazi ishyirwa mu mitsi.
• Guterwa inshinge mu mitsi yawe (imbere mu mitsi).
• Uduce tw'uruhu (transdermal) - Ibi ahanini ni ibya Scopolamine (umuti urwanya kolineriji).
• Ibinini byo mu nda (suppositories).

Ese iyi miti ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi?

Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho kuri buri bwoko bwa `(Antiemetic)` ziratandukanye. Muganga wawe azakubwira izi ngaruka mbi mbere yuko utangira gufata umuti. Ntutinye kubaza ibibazo no gusangira ibitekerezo byawe. Niba ufite ingaruka mbi nyuma yo gutangira `(Antiemetic)`, vugana na muganga wawe.

Dore zimwe mu ngaruka zikunze kugaragara (ariko si zose) zishobora kubaho kuri buri bwoko bwa ``Antiemetic'':

• Antagonist ya serotonin: Kuribwa umutwe, kuzungera, no kuribwa mu nda.
• Antihistamines: Gusinzira.
• Glucocorticoids: Kubura ibitotsi, gushyuha, no guhinduka kw'amarangamutima.
• Anticholinergics: Kuma mu kanwa, guhindura icyerekezo no gusinzira.
• Antagonists za NK-1 receptor: Zishobora gutera kuribwa umutwe, isereri, kandi kuri bamwe, ingaruka zikomeye z'ubwivumbure (anaphylaxis).
• Antagonist ya dopamine: isereri, kuribwa umutwe, n'ibibazo byo kugenda, nka dystonia (guhagarara kw'imitsi ku bushake) na tardive dyskinesia (gukora ingendo z'umubiri ku bushake, cyane cyane mu maso no mu kanwa).
• Cannabinoide:Vertigo, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, na dysphoria (kumva utameze neza cyangwa utanyuzwe).

Ese nta kibazo gufata uyu muti niba ntwite?

Niba urwaye isesemi no kuruka mu gihe utwite, ugomba kuvugana n'umuganga w'abagore cyangwa undi muganga. Akenshi bazakugira inama yo guhindura ibyo urya cyangwa amasaha urya. Niba ibyo bitagufashije, bashobora kukwandikira imiti.

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwagaragaje ko imiti imwe n'imwe igabanya ububabare muri rusange ishobora gukoreshwa mu gihe utwite. Ariko, amakuru y'umutekano ku yindi aravuguruzanya cyangwa ni make. Wowe na muganga wawe muzahitamo hamwe ikikubereye.

Ukimara kumenya ko utwite, gana muganga kugira ngo akuganirize ku miti ufata. Nanone, ugomba kuvugana na muganga mbere yo gutangira imiti mishya iyo ari yo yose mu gihe utwite.

Wakora iki iyo ubuze dose y'umuti?

Niba wabuze umuti wa "Antiemetic", cyane cyane niba ari umuti urinda isesemi no kuruka ushobora gukomeza, nka "CINV", ganira na muganga wawe. Azakugira inama y'icyo wakora.

Ni ubuhe butumwa twifuza kujyana muri iyi nkuru?

Nta muntu ukunda kugira isesemi no kuruka. Hari igihe ibi bintu bitameze neza biba bikenewe ku mibiri yacu. Ariko hari n'igihe bishobora kwangiza cyane. Ku bw'amahirwe, imiti igabanya ububabare ishobora gufasha gukumira cyangwa kuvura isesemi no kuruka, byaba ari kare cyangwa bikomeje. Hari amahitamo menshi yo guhitamo. Muri kumwe, wowe na muganga wawe muzahitamo ikikubereye. Niba ufite iki kibazo, ntutinye kuvugana na muganga, sibyo?

"Imiti igabanya ububabare, isesemi, kuruka, imiti igabanya ububabare, ingaruka mbi, gutwita, kuvura kanseri