Wenda ugomba kubagwa cyane. Cyangwa wenda wagize impanuka ugatakaza amaraso menshi. Mu gihe nk'iki, muganga ashobora kukubwira ati: "Ugomba kumpa amaraso." Ni ibisanzwe kumva ufite ubwoba no guhangayika iyo wumvise aya magambo. "Ese, nshobora kugira amaraso y'undi muntu? Ese nta kibazo? Hari ikintu kizaba?" Ibibazo byinshi bishobora kuza mu mutwe. Ariko ntutinye. Gutanga amaraso, cyangwa nk'uko tubyita mu buvuzi, " guterwa amaraso ", ni ikintu gisanzwe kandi gifite umutekano muri iyi minsi. Uyu munsi, tuzashaka ibisubizo by'ibibazo byose ufite kuri ibi.
Mu magambo make, guterwa amaraso ni iki?
Byoroshye cyane. Gutanga amaraso bivuze gusubiza umubiri wawe amaraso cyangwa igice cy'amaraso cyatakaye mu mubiri wawe bitewe n'indwara cyangwa impanuka runaka. Tekereza niba kimwe cyangwa byinshi mu bintu umubiri wacu ukeneye kugira mu maraso mazima bibuze, gutanga amaraso muri ubu buryo bishobora kwishyura icyo cyuho.
Ubu buryo bushobora gufata hagati y'isaha 1 na 4, bitewe n'ingano y'amaraso ukeneye gutanga ndetse n'ubwoko bw'igice cy'amaraso utanga. Ubu buryo ni uburyo bwiza cyane kandi bwizewe bwo kwa muganga bwarokoye ubuzima bw'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni ku isi.
Kuki umuntu akeneye gutanga amaraso?
Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma umuntu atanga amaraso. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu z'ingenzi.
| Impamvu | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Kubagwa gukomeye cyangwa impanuka ikomeye | Mu gihe cyo kubagwa cyangwa impanuka ikomeye, amaraso menshi ashobora gusohoka mu mubiri. Hakenewe guterwa amaraso kugira ngo hasimburwe ingano y'amaraso yatakaye. |
| Kuva amaraso mu nzira y'igogora | Niba urimo kuva amaraso mu gifu bitewe n'ibisebe cyangwa indi ndwara, ushobora gukenera guterwa amaraso kugira ngo usimbuze kubura amaraso kwabayeho. |
| Anemia | Kanseri y'amaraso nka kanseri y'amaraso, indwara y'impyiko, cyangwa izindi mpamvu zishobora kugabanya umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso dufite ubuzima bwiza mu mubiri. Iyi ndwara yitwa anemia. Muri ibi bihe, guterwa amaraso ni byo bikoreshwa mu gutanga uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso. |
| Kuvura kanseri | Uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri nka radiation cyangwa chemotherapy bushobora kugabanya umusaruro w'amaraso. Ushobora kandi gukenera gutanga amaraso muri ibi bihe. |
| Indwara z'amaraso n'indwara z'umwijima | Abantu bafite indwara z’amaraso bavukana nka thalassemia cyangwa indwara zikomeye z’umwijima nabo bashobora gukenera guterwa amaraso kenshi. |
Reka twige ku bwoko bw'amaraso n'ibice bigize amaraso.
Ni iki kiri mu maraso yacu?
Amaraso yacu si amazi amwe gusa. Afite ibice byinshi by'ingenzi.
- Uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura : Utu ni uturemangingo dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.
- Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Tumeze nk'ingabo z'umubiri wacu, turwanya mikorobe zitera indwara.
- Platelets: Izi ni uturemangingo duto cyane. Iyo habayeho imvune kandi hakava amaraso, izi platelets zifasha guhagarika kuva amaraso .
- Plasma: Iki ni igice cy'umuhondo cy'amaraso. Kirimo ibintu byinshi by'ingenzi, nka poroteyine zifasha amaraso kubumba.
Hari igihe ushobora gutanga "amaraso yose," arimo ibi bice byose, ariko akenshi uzahabwa igice cy'umubiri wawe gusa icyo gihe udafite. Urugero, umuntu ufite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso ashobora guhabwa uturemangingo dutukura gusa.
Ese ubwoko bw'amaraso bugomba guhura?
Yego, bigomba kuba bihuye. Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane mu gutanga amaraso.
Dufite ubwoko bune bw'amaraso bw'ingenzi: A, B, AB, na O. Byongeye kandi, buri bwoko bw'amarasoHari ikintu cyitwa Rh factor . Bitewe na byo, ubwoko bw'amaraso buba bwiza (+) cyangwa bubi (-).
Niba ubwoko bw'amaraso wahawe butajyanye n'ubwawe, uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe tuzatangira kwibasira uturemangingo dushya tw'amaraso. Ibi bishobora guteza ingorane zikomeye cyane, ndetse zikanashyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Niyo mpamvu buri gitonyanga cy'amaraso atangwa n'amabanki y'amaraso gipimwa cyane kugira ngo hemezwe ubwoko bw'amaraso, Rh factor, n'izindi ndwara.
- Abantu bafite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa O bitwa "abatanga amaraso bose" kuko mu gihe cy'impanuka, amaraso ya O-negative (O-) ashobora guhabwa umuntu ufite ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso.
- Abantu bafite amaraso yo mu bwoko bwa AB bitwa "abakira amaraso bose" kuko bashobora kwakira amaraso aturutse mu bwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bw'amaraso.
Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zo gutanga amaraso?
Mbere na mbere, gutanga amaraso ni ikintu cyizewe cyane muri iki gihe. Buri gakapu k'amaraso gapimwa indwara zikomeye nka VIH , Hepatite B na C, bityo ibyago byo kwandura ni bike cyane. Ariko, kimwe no ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, hari ingaruka nke cyane. Ni ngombwa kubimenya.
| Ingaruka/Ingorane | Icyo ukeneye kumenya kuri ibi |
|---|---|
| Umuriro | Ni ibisanzwe kugira umuriro muke mu gihe cy'isaha imwe cyangwa amasaha atandatu nyuma yo gutanga amaraso, kandi ntabwo ari ikibazo gikomeye. Ariko niba ufite umuriro hamwe n'isesemi cyangwa ububabare mu gatuza, bwira muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo wawe ako kanya. |
| Indwara zo kwangirika kw'umubiri | Nubwo waba ufite ubwoko bw'amaraso buhuye, ushobora kugira ubwivumbure buto, nko kuribwa no gucika uduheri. Ibi bikunze kubaho mu gihe cyo gutanga amaraso cyangwa nyuma gato y'uko atanzwe. |
| Uburyo bwo kurwanya indwara ya hemolytic ikabije | Iki ni ikibazo kidasanzwe, ariko gikomeye cy’ubuvuzi. Iki ni cyo gihe umubiri wawe wibasira uturemangingo dutukura twatanzwe vuba. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuriro, ubukonje, isesemi, ububabare mu gituza cyangwa mu mugongo wo hasi, n'inkari zijimye. Iki ni ikibazo cyihutirwa! |
| Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubwivumbure mu mubiri (anaphylactic reaction) | Ibi bishobora no gushyira ubuzima mu kaga, ariko ni gake cyane. Mu minota mike utangiye gutanga amaraso, ushobora kubyimba mu maso no mu muhogo, guhumeka bigoranye, ndetse no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso. |
| Indwara zandurira mu maraso | Ibi nibyo abantu benshi batinya. Ariko mu by’ukuri, muri iyi minsi, ibyago ni bike cyane. Ikigo cy’Igihugu Gishinzwe Gutanga Amaraso muri Sri Lanka gipima cyane buri gakapu k’amaraso kugira ngo kitabona indwara nka VIH, Hepatite B, C na syphilis. Ingaruka ni nke cyane ku buryo amahirwe yo kwandura VIH binyuze mu gutanga amaraso ari hafi umwe kuri miliyoni ebyiri. |
| Uburemere bw'icyuma (Hemochromatosis) | Ibi bibaho ku bantu baterwa amaraso kenshi (urugero: abarwayi ba thalassemia). Urugero rw'icyuma mu mubiri rushobora kwiyongera, bigatera kwangirika k'umutima n'umwijima. Abaganga bari maso kuri ibi kandi bagatanga ubuvuzi bukenewe. |
Icy'ingenzi ni ukumenyesha umuforomo cyangwa umuganga wawe ako kanya niba wumva ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa kidashimishije, kabone niyo cyaba gito, mu gihe cyo gutanga amaraso cyangwa nyuma yaho. Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso bikomeye nyuma yo gutaha uvuye kwa muganga, jya mu ishami rishinzwe ubutabazi bwihuse (ETU) ry’ibitaro biri hafi yawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gutera amaraso ni uburyo bwo kurokora ubuzima, muri rusange butekanye cyane. Ntukagire ubwoba burenze urugero.
- Mbere yo guhabwa amaraso, amaraso yatanzwe akorerwa isuzuma rikomeye cyane kugira ngo harebwe niba ahuye n'ubwoko bw'amaraso yawe, Rh factor, ndetse niba afite indwara zitandukanye.
- Niba ubonye ibimenyetso bidasanzwe mu gihe cyo gutanga amaraso cyangwa nyuma yaho, nko kugira umuriro, kuribwa, guhumeka bigoranye, cyangwa kubabara mu gatuza cyangwa mu mugongo, bwira muganga wawe cyangwa umuforomo wawe vuba vuba.
- Vugana na muganga wawe nta guhishanya ku kibazo icyo ari cyo cyose, ubwoba, cyangwa gushidikanya ushobora kuba ufite kuri ibi. Gusobanura byose bizaguha amahoro menshi yo mu mutima.
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