Mbega ukuntu bibabaza kubana n'ikibazo cyo kutumva? Hari igihe no gukoresha ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kutumva bishobora kudakora neza, cyangwa bikaba bigoye kubikoresha. Niba rero uri umwe mu bafite iyi ndwara, ntucike intege. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ikoranabuhanga ridasanzwe rishobora kuba ingenzi cyane kuri bene abo bantu. Iryo ni igikoresho cyo kutumva gikoresha amagufwa, cyangwa nkuko twese tubizi, igikoresho cya BAHA.
Imfasha kumva ifite amagufwa (BAHA) ni iki?
Reka tubisobanure mu buryo bworoshye. Ibyuma byo kumva usanzwe ubona bikora byohereza amajwi binyuze mu gutwi, mu gutwi ko hagati, no mu gutwi ko imbere. Ariko iki gikoresho cyitwa BAHA kiratandukanye gato. Mu magambo make, ni igikoresho gito kibagwa mu igufwa ry'agahanga kawe inyuma y'ugutwi kwawe.
Ibi bivuze ko aho kohereza amajwi mu gutwi kwawe ko hagati, anyura mu magufwa yo mu gahanga kawe maze akayohereza muri cochlea, imiterere y’uruziga mu gutwi kwawe imbere ikenewe cyane mu kumva. Ubu buryo twita "gutwara amagufwa." Ibyo bivuze ko amajwi anyura mu magufwa.
Igikoresho cya BAHA gisanzwe kigizwe n'ibice bitatu:
1. Ishinge rya titanium: Iki ni agace gato kabagwa mu igufwa ry'agahanga.
2. Ihuza ry'inyuma/agakoresho ko gufatana: Iki ni igice gifatanye n'agakoresho kandi kigaragara gato uvuye ku ruhu.
3. Porosesa y'amajwi: Iki ni igice cyo hanze cyakira amajwi aturutse mu bidukikije, kikayahindura imitingito, hanyuma kikayohereza mu igufwa.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bwa sisitemu za BAHA?
Ubu buryo bwo kumva butuma amagufwa avurwa bushobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi. Muganga wawe azagufasha guhitamo ubwoko bukubereye cyane.
| Ubwoko bw'ibikoresho | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Batewemo BAHA mu buryo bwa muganga | Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Umuganga ubaga ashyira agashishwa gato ka titaniyumu mu igufwa riri inyuma y'ugutwi. Iyo kamaze gukira, hashobora gushyirwaho icyuma gitunganya amajwi cyo hanze kugira ngo gitange kumva. Iki gice cyo hanze gishobora gukurwaho iyo uryamye cyangwa wiyuhagiye. |
| BCHA idakora operasiyo yo kubaga | Ubu bwoko bukunze kwitabwaho n'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 5 ndetse n'abadashaka kubagwa. Hari ibikoresho bishobora gushyirwa ku ruhu hakoreshejwe kole yihariye. Ibindi bishobora gushyirwa ku gitambaro cyo mu mutwe no kwambarwa igihe bibaye ngombwa. |
Namenya nte niba ibi binkwiriye?
Hari ibintu byinshi bizagena niba BAHA ikubereye. Imyaka yawe, izindi ndwara, n'imiterere y'ububabare bwawe bwo kutumva byose ni ibintu by'ingenzi. Inzobere mu kuvura indwara zo mu matwi (amatwi, amazuru, n'umuhogo) hamwe n'inzobere mu by'amatwi bashobora kukugira inama nziza kuri ibi.
Icyiza ni uko ushobora kugerageza iki gikoresho cya BCHA kitari ukubaga kwa muganga wawe mbere yo kubagwa. Muri ubwo buryo, ushobora kubona igitekerezo cyiza cy'uko kumva kwawe kuzaba kumeze nyuma yo kubagwa.
Ni ibihe bintu BAHA isaba gukoresha?
Ubusanzwe, abantu bafite ibibazo byo kutumva bikurikira bashobora kubona ibisubizo byiza bivuye kuri BAHA:
- Gutakaza amatwi bitewe n'imikorere y'ijwi cyangwa uburyo bwo kumva buvanze: Ibi bivuze ko amajwi adakwirakwira neza mu gutwi imbere bitewe n'ikibazo kiri mu gutwi ko hanze cyangwa ko hagati.
- Ubumuga bwo mu ruhande rumwe: Iyo ugutwi kumwe kumva neza n'ukundi kumva bike cyane cyangwa nta na kimwe kumva.
Zimwe mu ndwara zishobora gutera ububabare bwo kutumva zirimo:
- Indwara zidakira zo mu matwi yo hagati
- Cholesteatoma, uruhu rumera mu gutwi
- Ibibyimba nka neuroma y'amajwi
- Indwara ya Ménière
- Atresia y'amatwi (ubumuga bwo kuvukana mu gutwi kw'inyuma cyangwa hagati)
Niba ufite iyi ndwara, vugana na muganga w’umuryango wawe, kandi nibiba ngombwa, wohereze inzobere mu by’amatwi, amazuru n’umuhogo.
Kubagwa bikorwa gute?
Ubu ni uburyo bworoshye bwo kubaga busanzwe bumara iminota iri hagati ya 30 na 60. Dore uko bigenda mu gihe cyo kubaga:
1. Uzahabwa ikinya kugira ngo utazagira ububabare ubwo aribwo bwose. (Iyi ishobora kuba ikinya rusange cyangwa ikinya cyo mu gace runaka gitera gusa agace kavugwamo ikibazo).
2. Hakorwa akantu gato ku ruhu ruri inyuma y'ugutwi.
3. Hakorwa umwobo muto cyane mu igufwa rya mastoid, ari ryo gice cy'agahanga inyuma y'ugutwi.
4. Ishinge rya titaniyumu rishyirwa muri uwo mwobo. Mu by'ukuri iki ni agace gato kangana na kimwe cya kabiri cy'amashaza.
5. Ifatabuguzi ryo hanze (abutment) rifatanye n'ifatabuguzi. Ibi bizagaragara gato ku ruhu igihe uruhu ruzakira.
6. Amaherezo, igikomere kirapfundikirwa kandi kigapfundikirwa.
Nyuma yo kubagwa, igufwa ryawe rigomba kwivanga n'icyuma cya titanium (osseointegration). Nk'uko imizi y'ikimera ifata ubutaka. Ibi bishobora gufata igihe icyo ari cyo cyose kuva ku kwezi kumwe kugeza kuri bitatu . Iki gihe gitandukana bitewe n'ubushobozi bw'umubiri wawe bwo gukira. Nyuma yo kwivanga gusa, icyuma gitunganya amajwi cyo hanze gihita gihuzwa n'igikoresho.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi bya BAHA?
Nk’uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ubu buryo bufite ibyiza n’ibibi.
| Ibyiza | Ibibi |
|---|---|
| Ihumure: Biroroshye cyane kuko nta kintu cyo gushyira mu muyoboro w'amatwi nk'icyuma gifasha kumva gisanzwe. Ingaruka nke zo kugira allergie ku ruhu. | Bisaba kubagwa: Ingorane nyamukuru ni uko bisaba kubagwa kugira ngo bikorwe. Nubwo ari ukubagwa guto, hari ingaruka nke, nk'uko bigenda ku kubagwa ukundi. |
| Ubwiza bw'ijwi: Ubwiza bw'ijwi burakomeye kuko ijwi ridaca mu ruhu, ahubwo rigera mu igufwa. | Ingaruka z'ingorane: Kwandura, kubyimba, cyangwa kunanirwa k'urushinge rw'imashini mu gice cy'imashini bishobora kubaho gake cyane. |
| Kumenya ibisubizo mbere y'igihe: Mbere yo kubagwa, ushobora kubona igikoresho kitari icyo kubaga, bityo ukabasha kubona neza ibisubizo. | Ibikomere byo mu mutwe:Iyo umuntu wambaye BAHA akubiswe umutwe (urugero: impanuka), hari ibyago byo kwandura cyangwa kwangirika kw'icyuma gishyirwa mu mubiri. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kwambara ingofero mu gihe ukina siporo cyangwa utwaye igare/moto. |
Gukira n'igihe cyo kubonana na muganga
Mu minsi 3-7 ya mbere nyuma yo kubagwa, hashobora kubaho ububabare n'umutuku aho inshinge yashyizwe. Ibi ni ibisanzwe.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi: Ntushobora gukoresha BAHA ako kanya nyuma yo kubagwa. Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, ugomba gutegereza kugeza igihe igufwa rimaze kwivanga neza n'igishishwa.
Nyuma yuko icyo gitereko kimaze gukira, muganga wawe cyangwa umuganga w’amatwi azashyiramo icyuma gitunganya amajwi cyo hanze, ahindure imiterere yacyo kugira ngo kikubere, kandi akwereke uburyo bwo kugikuraho no kongera kugishyiramo.
Iyo ukeneye guhamagara muganga ako kanya
Niba ubonye ibimenyetso bikurikira nyuma yo kubagwa, bimenyeshe muganga wawe ako kanya:
- Kwandura, kubyimba, cyangwa amazi ameze nk'ibibyimba ava aho bashyize intanga.
- Kubabara mu matwi bitashira nubwo wafata imiti igabanya ububabare.
- Kugira umuriro urenze dogere selisiyusi 38.3 .
Itandukaniro riri hagati ya BAHA na Cochlear Implant
Nubwo ibi byombi ari ibikoresho bifasha kumva, uburyo bikora butandukanye rwose.
- BAHA: Amajwi anyura mu magufwa y'agahanga agana mu gutwi imbere .
- Cochlear Implant: Iyi ikoreshwa ku bantu bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo mu matwi. Iyi inyura mu gutwi kw'imbere burundu kandi ikangura imitsi yo kumva neza .
Kubwibyo, abaganga nibo bagena ikikwiriye muri ibyo byombi bitewe n'imiterere y'ikibazo cyawe cyo kumva.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- BAHA ni ikoranabuhanga ryiza rikoreshwa mu bibazo bimwe na bimwe byo kumva bidakora neza hamwe n'ibikoresho bisanzwe byo kumva.
- Ibi bikora binyuze mu kuzunguruka mu magufwa y'agahanga, aho kohereza ijwi mu muyoboro w'ugutwi.
- Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: kubaga no kutabaga.
- Nubwo ibi bisaba kubagwa gato, igipimo cyabyo cyo gutsinda kiri hejuru cyane (kirenga 90%).
- Uburyo bwiza kandi bwonyine bwo kumenya niba ibi bikubereye ni ukumenya,Kugisha inama inzobere mu by'amatwi, amazuru n'umuhogo (ENT).
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