Ese uhangayikishijwe n'imitsi y'amaraso iri mu bwonko bwawe? Reka tuvuge ku ndwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko

Ese wigeze wumva urwaye isereri cyangwa ukumva udafite ubwenge ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri wawe? Ushobora no kugira ikibazo cyo kuvuga. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'ikibazo cy'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko bwawe. Ntugahangayike, uyu munsi turaganira ku ndwara yitwa indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ari yo ndwara yo mu bwonko.

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ni iki? Reka tubisobanukirwe mu buryo bworoshye.

Mu magambo make, iri ni izina rusange ry'itsinda ry'indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko. 'Cerebro' bivuga ubwonko bwawe. 'Vascular' bivuga imitsi y'amaraso, ni ukuvuga imitsi n'imitsi itwara amaraso mu mubiri wacu. Rero, 'indwara y'imitsi y'ubwonko' yerekeza ku ndwara zifitanye isano n'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko. Urabyumva?

Hari ibintu bibiri by'ingenzi bishobora kubaho bitewe n'iyi ndwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko.

1. Kugabanuka kw'amaraso ajya mu bwonko: Mu buvuzi tubyita 'ischemia'. Ibi bibaho iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso ufunze.

2. Kuva amaraso mu bwonko: Ibi byitwa 'kuva amaraso'. Ibi bishobora kubaho iyo umuyoboro w'amaraso uturitse.

Izi ndwara zombi zikunze kujyana n'indwara ikomeye twita 'stroke' . Indwara zo mu bwonko zishobora guterwa n'indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko, kimwe n'izindi ndwara nyinshi z'imitsi.

Ni ngombwa cyane ko niba wowe cyangwa umuntu wawe wa hafi agize ikibazo cyo gucika kw'imitsi, mugarura amaraso mu bwonko vuba bishoboka. Bitabaye ibyo, uturemangingo tw'ubwonko dushobora gupfa vuba, bigatera ubumuga buhoraho cyangwa urupfu. Kubwibyo, ibi bigomba gufatwa nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa.

Ni iyihe mitsi y'amaraso igira ingaruka ku bwonko?

Imitsi n'imitsi byombi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku ndwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko. Imitsi myinshi y'amaraso ikomeye itanga amaraso mu bwonko niyo yibasirwa cyane n'izi ndwara:

• Imitsi ya Carotid: Iyi mitsi iherereye imbere mu ijosi ryawe. Abantu benshi bafite umutsi umwe wa carotid ku mpande zombi z'iburyo n'ibumoso.
• Imitsi yo mu mugongo: Iyi mitsi iherereye inyuma y'ijosi ryawe. Abantu benshi bafite umwe ku mpande zombi z'ijosi ryabo, iburyo n'ibumoso.

Iyi ni yo mitsi y'amaraso ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Rero niba hari ikibazo cyangwa imbogamizi muri iyo mitsi, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'ubwonko.

Ese hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'iyi ndwara?

Yego, hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'indwara zigwa mu cyiciro cya 'indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko'. 'Stroke' ni yo ikunze kugaragara muri izi kandi hafi ya twese twumvise. Ariko, iyi si yo yonyine. Reka turebe izindi ngero nke, si byo se?

• Ubushobozi bwo kuvura imitsi yo mu bwonko (AVM): Iyi ni indwara aho imitsi (imitsi itwara amaraso meza) n'imitsi (imitsi itwara amaraso mabi) bihurira mu bwonko mu buryo budasanzwe.
• Aneurysm yo mu bwonko: Umutsi w'amaraso udakora neza mu bwonko ubyimba nk'umupira w'inyuma. Ibi ni bibi cyane kuko iyo uturitse, ushobora gutera kuva amaraso mu bwonko.
• Kuva amaraso mu bwonko, kuva amaraso mu bwonko / Kuva amaraso mu bwonko: Ibi birimo kuva amaraso iyo ari yo yose mu bwonko.
• Indwara y'imitsi ya Carotid / Carotid artery stenosis: Imitsi ya Carotid iri mu ijosi, twavuze mbere, irafungwa n'ibinure n'ibindi bintu.
• Guca imitsi y'inkondo y'umura: Amaraso ava hagati y'urukuta rw'imitsi mu ijosi, bigatuma imitsi icika cyangwa igafunga.
• Indwara yo kugabanya amaraso mu bwonko ihinduka: Indwara aho imiyoboro y'amaraso mu bwonko ihita yifunga hanyuma igasubira ku murongo. Ariko, ibi bishobora gutera umutwe w'igihe gito.
• Kuva amaraso muri Subarachnoid (SAH): Kuva amaraso mu ruhu rw'ubwonko. Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo aneurysm ituritse.
• Gutera indwara y’imitsi mu buryo bwihuse (TIA) cyangwa indwara nto y’imitsi: Ibi ni nk’indwara nto y’imitsi. Amaraso ajya mu bwonko aragabanuka by’igihe gito, kandi ibimenyetso biragaragara bigashira nyuma y’igihe runaka. Ariko, si byiza kubyirengagiza kuko bishobora kuba imbarutso y’indwara ikomeye y’imitsi.
• Telangiectasia yo kuva amaraso mu buryo bw'uruhererekane (HHT): Iyi ni indwara iterwa n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri ihererekanywa mu bisekuruza bitandukanye. Muri ibi, imiyoboro y'amaraso ikura mu buryo budasanzwe mu bice bitandukanye by'umubiri.
• Indwara ya Moyamoya: Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara aho umutsi munini uri mu nsi y'ubwonko ugenda ufunga buhoro buhoro, maze imitsi myinshi mito kandi idakomeye ikavuka mu mwanya wayo.

Hariho izindi ndwara nyinshi nk'izi. Si ngombwa kumenya buri kimwe mu bintu mu buryo bwimbitse, ariko ni ngombwa kumva ko ibintu bitandukanye nk'ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara?

Mu by’ukuri, umuntu wese, uko imyaka yaba ingana kose, ashobora kurwara indwara y’imitsi yo mu bwonko. Ariko, hari abantu baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara nk’iyo. Urugero, iyi ndwara iragenda yiyongera uko imyaka igenda ikura . Nanone, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora kugira uruhare mu miterere y’umubiri.

Mu bihugu nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ni imwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zitera kwangirika k'ubwonko mu buryo bushobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Ni nayo ya gatanu mu ndwara zihitana abantu benshi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, impfu zirenga 160.000 zatewe n'iyi ndwara mu 2020. Iki kibazo ntigikwiye gusuzugurwa no muri Sri Lanka.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera iki kibazo?

Hari impamvu zitandukanye zitera indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko. Dore zimwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru:

• Udukoko tw'amaraso tuba mu bwonko: Ibi byitwa 'thrombosis'. Ibi bikunze kubaho ahantu umuyoboro w'amaraso uba waragabanutse cyangwa utari umeze neza.
• Amaraso apfundikana avuka ahandi mu mubiri ajya mu bwonko: Ibi byitwa 'embolism'. Bikunze kubaho iyo amaraso apfundikana mu mutima ajya mu bwonko.
• Kuva amaraso: Ibi bikunze kubaho iyo umuntu afite umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Atherosclerosis: Kimwe n'ingese zigaragara mu miyoboro y'amazi, ibinure byiyongera mu miyoboro y'amaraso, bikayifunga.
• Ibibazo by’imiterere y’umubiri mu mitsi y’amaraso yo mu bwonko: Bishobora kandi guterwa n’ubusembwa bumwe na bumwe umuntu avukana.
• Gukomereka mu bwonko (TBI): Gukomereka ku mutwe gukomeye bitewe n'impanuka nabyo bishobora guteza ibibazo mu mitsi y'amaraso.

Ibimenyetso ni ibihe? Twabimenya dute?

Ibimenyetso by'indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'igice cy'ubwonko cyafashwe. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bikunze kubaho mu buryo butunguranye:

• Ibibazo byo kuringaniza: Bitunguranye ntushobora kugenda, ugwa mu kantu.
• Kudatekereza: Gutakaza ubwenge, gutakaza aho umuntu aherereye.
• Kunanirwa.
• Kutabona neza: Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, kubona ibintu bibiri, cyangwa uruhande rumwe rw'amaso rukagira umwijima.
• Kurema cyangwa intege nke ku ruhande rumwe rw'umubiri cyangwa mu maso.
• Umutwe utunguranye kandi ukabije: Ibi ntabwo ari nk'umutwe usanzwe, bishobora kuba umutwe ukabije utarigeze uhura na wo mu buzima bwawe.
• Kugorwa no kuvuga cyangwa kumva ibivugwa (Aphasia).
• Imvugo idasobanutse neza / Dysarthria.
• Impinduka mu buryo umuntu yumva uruhande rumwe rw'umubiri cyangwa mu maso: gucika intege cyangwa kubura icyo yumva.

Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku ndwara ya Stroke ryateguye uburyo bugufi bwitwa FAST kugira ngo bugufashe kumenya ibi bimenyetso vuba. Ni ngombwa kwibuka ibi:

* F – Isura irarembye: Reba niba uruhande rumwe rw'isura rurembye iyo umuntu asabwe kumwenyura.

* A – Ubunebwe bw'ukuboko: Iyo usabwe kuzamura amaboko yombi, reba niba ukuboko kumwe kwaguye hasi.

* S – Kugorwa no kuvuga: Reba niba amagambo ari mu buryo butazwi cyangwa niba hari ikibazo cyo kuvuga iyo usabwe kuvuga interuro yoroshye.

* T – Igihe cyo guhamagara 1990: Niba ufite kimwe muri ibi bimenyetso, ntugapfushe umwanya ahubwo ujye kwa muganga ako kanya. Kuko buri segonda rigira agaciro!

Abaganga babisobanukirwa bate neza?

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ni indwara isaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa.Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kwisuzumisha vuba. Muganga abanza kukubaza amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Hanyuma azakora isuzuma ry'umubiri. Azashakisha ibi bikurikira by'umwihariko:

• Imiterere yo mu mutwe: Ese uzi neza ibikukikije kandi uzi neza?
• Ingendo z'amaso n'uburyo areba: Ingendo z'amaso zidasanzwe, impinduka mu buryo abona.
• Intege nke cyangwa ubumuga.
• Kugabanuka cyangwa kudasanzwe mu buryo bwo kumva.
• Ibintu bitandukanye mu kuvuga: uburyo amagambo akurikiranywa, gusobanukirwa, kwita amazina.
• Gutakaza uburinganire n'imikoranire.
• Kuzungera cyangwa kumva nk'aho icyumba kirimo kuzunguruka (Vertigo).

Nyuma y'ibi bipimo, niba muganga akeka ko afite indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ashobora gusaba ibindi bipimo byihariye. Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe:

• Angiografiya yo mu bwonko: Isuzuma rya X-ray ry'imitsi y'amaraso mu bwonko.
• Angiogramu ya CT (angiogramu ya CT) isuzuma imitsi y'amaraso.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG): Igenzura imikorere y'umutima.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Shaka amashusho arambuye y'ubwonko.
• Gupfuka umugongo/Gupfuka amaguru: Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye.

Ibi bizamini bishobora gufasha muganga wawe kumenya icyateye indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko. Bitewe n'uko umeze, ushobora gukenera gukora ibizamini byinshi.

Wakwivuza ute? Ntugahangayike, hari uburyo bwo kubyitwaramo!

Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko bugenda butandukana bitewe n'uko urwaye. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugutangira kuvurwa vuba bishoboka ibimenyetso bitangiye. Iki ni cyo gihe ushobora kugabanya kwangirika k'ubwonko.

Abaganga bakunze kuvura imiti. Iyi miti ikora mu kunoza uburyo amaraso atembera mu bwonko. Iyi miti ishobora kuba ikubiyemo:

• Imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Imiti igabanya amaraso / Imiti igabanya amaraso.
• Imiti igabanya cholesterol.
• Imiti y'isukari mu maraso: Ku bantu barwaye diyabete.

Niba ufite ikibazo gikomeye mu mitsi yawe y'amaraso, ushobora gukenera kubagwa. Ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwo kubagwa burimo:

• Angioplasty ya Carotid: Umuganga ubaga ashyira igikoresho gisa n'ibendera mu mitsi yawe maze akakibumbiramo kugira ngo cyagure imitsi yazibye.
• Guca imitsi yo mu nda: Umuganga ubaga agabanya imitsi yo mu nda yawe kandi agakuraho ibinure byirundanyije imbere.
• Gutera stent mu mitsi ya carotid: Umuganga ubaga ashyiramo umuyoboro muto w'icyuma (stent) mu mitsi ya carotid kugira ngo arusheho gutembera neza kw'amaraso.
• Guca amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "catheter": Umuganga ubaga ashyira catheter (umuyoboro muto) mu mitsi maze agashyiramo igikoresho kugira ngo akuremo amaraso.

Ni gute twakwirinda ibi? Ni gute twagabanya ibyago?

Iki ni cyo gice cy'ingenzi cyane. Gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza bishobora kugabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko. Tekereza kuri ibi bintu:

• Kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije (hypertension): Niba ufite umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije, fata imiti muganga wawe yakwandikiye. Suzuma umuvuduko w'amaraso yawe buri gihe.
• Kurya indyo yuzuye umunyu muke, amavuta, na karori: Kurya imboga nyinshi, imbuto, ibinyamisogwe, n'ibiribwa birimo fibre nyinshi.
• Imyitozo ngororamubiri buri gihe: Kora ikintu nko kugenda n'amaguru cyangwa kwiruka byibuze iminota 30 ku munsi.
• Kugabanya cyangwa guhagarika burundu ikoreshwa ry'inzoga.
• Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
• Ntugakoreshe indi miti.
• Komeza kugira ibiro byiza by'umubiri.
• Genzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe na cholesterol.
• Kugabanya stress: Gutekereza ku mutima, yoga, n'imyidagaduro ni uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya stress.
• Jya kwisuzumisha kwa muganga buri gihe.
• Niba ufite indwara nko kugabanuka k'umutima, fata imiti yo kugabanya amaraso nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
• Niba urimo gufata imiti isimbura imisemburo (HRT) nyuma yo gucura, ganira na muganga wawe ku ngaruka n'ibyiza byo kuvura amaraso.

Ese hari ibindi bintu bishobora gutera ibyago?

Muri rusange, uba ufite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko niba ufite izi ndwara:

• Diyabete.
• Umuvuduko w'amaraso ukabije.
• Kolesteroli nyinshi.

Byongeye kandi, ibintu bikurikira bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'indwara z'imitsi yo mu bwonko:

• Niba utwite: Ingaruka zo kuvura amaraso mu mitsi yo mu bwonko (cerebral venous thrombosis) ziba nyinshi mu gihe utwite.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cy’uko wavutse mu muryango (congenital): Ibi bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara z’imitsi nk’imitsi yo mu bwonko.
• Niba warakomeretse umutwe cyane (ihungabana ry'ubwonko).
• Niba ufata imiti isimbura imisemburo (HRT): Niba usanzwe ufite indwara ya atherosclerosis cyangwa indwara y’imitsi ifata imitsi, HRT ishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo gucika imitsi.

Ni iki wakwitega uramutse urwaye iyi ndwara?

Abantu bahuye n'indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko bakunze gukira neza kandi bakabaho mu buzima busanzwe. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe, iyi ndwara ishobora gutera urupfu cyangwa ubumuga buhoraho. Zimwe mu ngorane zishobora kubaho zirimo:

• Kugorwa no kubona amagambo (Aphasia).
• Indwara zo kugenda mu buryo butunguranye.
• Gutakaza kwibuka.
• Kurema cyangwa intege nke mu maso, mu maboko, cyangwa mu maguru.
• Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bw'igihe gito cyangwa buhoraho.
• Kugorwa no gutekereza no gutekereza (Kudakora neza mu bwenge).

Ni ibihe byiringiro byo gukira?

Nkuko byavuzwe mbere, hari abantu bakira neza, abandi bashobora kuba bafite ubumuga buhoraho. Niba ufite indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, amahirwe yawe yo gukira aterwa na:

• Uburyo wavuwe vuba.
• Uburemere bw'indwara cyangwa ingano y'indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi.
• Ni ikihe gice cy'ubwonko cyagizweho ingaruka?
• Ubwoko bw'indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko.

Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka inama kwa muganga ukimara kubona ibimenyetso.

Nitwara nte?

Nk'umuntu urwaye indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ushobora gukomeza kwiyitaho ukora ibi bikurikira:

• Gukurikiza ubuzima bwiza (nk'uko byavuzwe mbere, ibintu nko kurya neza, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kutanywa itabi).
• Gufata imiti ikwiye ku ndwara zisanzwe (urugero: umuvuduko w'amaraso, diyabete, cholesterol).

Niba imikorere y'ubwonko bwawe yagizweho ingaruka n'indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, ushobora gukenera uburyo bwo kugufasha:

• Ubuvuzi bw'akazi: Guhugura kugira ngo wongere ubumenyi bwo gukora imirimo ya buri munsi.
• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri: Bufasha kugarura ingendo, imbaraga, no kuringaniza umubiri.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze: Bufasha mu guhangana n'imihangayiko n'agahinda biterwa n'iyi ndwara.
• Ubuvuzi bwo kuvuga: Bufasha mu gutsinda ingorane zo kuvuga no kumira.

Ni ryari wagombye kujya kwa muganga? Ni gute wamenya ikibazo cyihutirwa?

Hamagara 1990 ako kanya! Niba ubonye ibimenyetso by'impanuka y'imitsi yo mu bwonko (cyane cyane indwara yo gucika kw'imitsi), hamagara 1990 (ambulance) cyangwa ujye kwa muganga utegereye vuba. Wibuke uburyo bwa FAST twavuze mbere.

Nanone, niba ufite ingaruka mbi zikomoka ku miti yawe cyangwa niba utabona umusaruro nyuma y'igihe runaka, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo. Ashobora kukugira inama y'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura bushobora kugufasha.

Ibuka nk'incamake (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ni ijambo rusange risobanura indwara zigira ingaruka ku mitsi ijyana amaraso mu bwonko. Ibi bishobora kwangiza ubwonko binyuze mu kugabanya ingano ya ogisijeni bubona. Indwara ikunze kugaragara muri izi ndwara ni stroke. Harimo kandi izindi ndwara nka aneurysms zo mu bwonko, kuva amaraso mu bwonko, indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, n'ibitero by'indwara z'umutima (TIAs), bizwi kandi nka mini stroke.

Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kubura uburinganire, kutabona neza, kuribwa umutwe cyane, no kugorwa no kuvuga . Abaganga bashobora kuvura iyi ndwara bakoresheje imiti no kubagwa. Ushobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byo kugira icyo ukora uhindura imibereho yawe, nko gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri no kugabanya stress.

Nubwo indwara y’imitsi yo mu bwonko ishobora gutera ubumuga ndetse n’urupfu, iyo abantu benshi bavuwe vuba kandi bagafatwa neza, bakira ubuzima bwabo busanzwe kandi bwuzuye. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kumenya ibimenyetso no gushaka ubuvuzi vuba.

` indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko, indwara yo gucika kw'amaraso mu bwonko, ubwonko, imiyoboro y'amaraso, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, cholesterol, diyabete, inyandiko y'ubuvuzi ya Sinhala, ubumuga, indwara z'ubwonko