Twese tuzi ko hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zibera mu miryango. Hariho n'izindi ndwara zigoye cyane kuzikemura, ndetse no mu miti cyangwa kubagwa neza. Tekereza niba hari uburyo bwo kugera ku muzi w'ikibazo no kugikemura binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y'uturemangingo mu mubiri wawe. Iryo ni ryo sezerano riri inyuma y'ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo . Nubwo bukiri bushya, bufatwa nk'imwe mu ntambwe zishimishije cyane mu buvuzi bwa none.
Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo (Gene Therapy) ni iki mu by'ukuri?
Mu magambo make, ubuvuzi bushingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo ni uburyo bw'ubuvuzi bukoresha ibikoresho bya ngirabuzimafatizo mu gukumira cyangwa kuvura indwara. Ubusanzwe, twishingikiriza ku miti, ibinini, sirupe , inshinge, cyangwa kubagwa. Mu kuvura ngirabuzimafatizo, abaganga bashobora kugira ingaruka ku miterere y'uturemangingo twawe kugira ngo bakosore impamvu y'indwara.
Tekereza umubiri wawe nk'inyubako igoye. Ibishushanyo mbonera byakoreshejwe mu kuwubaka ni za gene zawe. Hari igihe haba hari ikosa rito cyangwa inenge mu gishushanyo mbonera cy'umwimerere, bishobora gutera indwara zimwe na zimwe. Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo bugamije gukosora icyo gishushanyo mbonera gifite inenge binyuze muri ibi bikurikira:
- Kugabanya poroteyine zitera indwara: Iyo imiterere imwe n'imwe idakora neza, ishobora gukora poroteyine zangiza. Ubu buryo bushobora guhagarika cyangwa kugabanya uwo musaruro neza.
- Kongera poroteyine z'ingirakamaro: Hari igihe umubiri wawe unanirwa gukora poroteyine ihagije ikenewe. Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo bushobora gutanga amabwiriza yo kugarura ingano nziza ya poroteyine.
- Gukora poroteyine nshya cyangwa zahinduwe: Ubu buryo bushobora no gutegura umubiri wawe kugira ngo ukore poroteyine nshya zishobora kurwanya indwara runaka.
Bikora bite mu mubiri wawe?
Kugira ngo tubisobanukirwe, reka dutangire n'ibintu by'ibanze. Buri ngirabuzimafatizo mu mubiri wawe ifite nucleus irimo chromosomes , igizwe na ADN . ADN yawe ifite amakuru yose agena imiterere yawe, nk'ibara ry'umusatsi wawe, ibara ry'amaso yawe, n'uburebure.
Ibice byihariye by'iyi ADN byitwa genes . Tekereza ADN yawe nk'igitabo kinini cyo guteka, aho gene iba resept imwe. Izi genes zitanga amabwiriza yo gukora poroteyine, ari ingenzi ku mikorere y'umubiri wawe - nk'uko resept itanga amabwiriza yo guteka imigati.
Uko igihe kigenda gihita, binyuze mu gusaza, guhura n'uburozi bukomoka ku bidukikije, cyangwa kubukura ku babyeyi bawe, impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo cyangwa impinduka zishobora kubaho. Ni nk'ikosa muri iyo resept; umusaruro wa nyuma (keke/poroteyine) usohoka nabi. Iryo "kosa" akenshi ni ryo shingiro ry'indwara nyinshi.
Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo ntabwo buvura ibimenyetso gusa, ahubwo bugamije gukosora ikosa nyaryo ryateye iyi ndwara.
Ni ibihe bibazo ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo bukoreshwa muri iki gihe?
Uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura imiterere y’uturemangingo buracyari mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi, buzwi nka igeragezwa ry’ubuvuzi. Abahanga mu bya siyansi barimo kubugerageza cyane kugira ngo barebe ko bufite umutekano kandi bufite akamaro. Ubu bushakashatsi buri kwibandaho muri iki gihe harimo:
- Kanseri
- Indwara z'ijisho n'izindi ndwara zo kutabona neza
- Hari indwara zimwe na zimwe zikomoka ku ngirabuzimafatizo
- VIH / SIDA
Ariko, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kuvura ingirabuzimafatizo bwemewe na FDA, bivuze ko butakiri igitekerezo cy’ejo hazaza gusa. Urugero:
- Luxturna®: Ubuvuzi bw’inshuro imwe ku bantu bafite ubumuga bw’amaso bavukana butuma batabona neza .
- Zolgensma®: Yemejwe kuvura indwara ikomeye yibasira imitsi yo mu mugongo, indwara ikomeye yibasira abana bari munsi y'imyaka ibiri.
Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bw'ubu buryo bwo kuvura?
Hari uburyo butatu bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura imiterere y'uturemangingo. Reka tubisuzume:
| Uburyo | Uko bikora |
|---|---|
| Kongeramo Gene | Kopi nzima ya gene yinjizwa mu turemangingo aho gene ya mbere yangiritse cyangwa ibuze. Tekereza nko kuzana imashini nshya kandi ikora kugira ngo isimbuze iyavunitse. |
| Gucecekesha Gene | Ubu buryo buhagarika imikorere ya gene itera indwara. Ni nko gucecekesha umuntu utanga amabwiriza atari yo. |
| Guhindura Gene | Uburyo bugezweho cyane, aho ibice runaka bya ADN 'bicibwa' cyangwa bigakosorwa. Ni nko gusiba ikosa mu nyandiko no kwandika ijambo rikwiye. Ikoranabuhanga nka CRISPR / Cas9 rirakoreshwa hano. |
Ni gute izi gene zinjira mu mubiri?
Utunyangingo tuzima ntidushobora kwinjira mu tunyangingo twawe gusa. Dukeneye imodoka yo kutwakira yitwa vector . Tekereza kuri gene nk'ipaki, naho vector nk'isosiyete itwara ubutumwa igeza iyo paki ku aderesi ikwiye (igari ryawe).
Abahanga mu bya siyansi bakunze gukoresha virusi nk'imiyoboro y'amaraso. Ushobora kwibaza uti “Ese virusi ntizantera indwara?” Muri ubu buryo, abahanga mu bya siyansi bakuraho ibice byose bya virusi byangiza kandi bitera indwara, basiga gusa ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwinjira mu turemangingo. Hanyuma bashyiramo gene nzima imbere bakayinjiza mu mubiri.
Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gutanga:
1. Mu mubiri: Agace karimo gene gashyirwa mu mubiri wawe mu buryo butaziguye.
2. Ex vivo: Zimwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zawe (urugero, uturemangingo tw'amaraso) zirakurwaho, uturemangingo twinjizwa muri utwo turemangingo muri laboratwari, hanyuma uturemangingo twahinduwe tugasubizwa mu mubiri wawe.
Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka byagira?
Kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwose bwo kwivuza, hari ibyiza n'ingaruka bishobora guterwa no kubyibagirwa.
| Ibyiza | Ingaruka |
|---|---|
| Ibyiringiro Bishya: Bitanga uburyo bushoboka bwo kuvura indwara zafatwaga nk'izidashobora kuvurwa mbere. | Nta garanti: Kubera ko ari urwego rushya, gutsinda ntabwo bizeye, kandi ingaruka mbi zitunguranye zishobora kubaho. |
| Uburyo bwo kuvura indwara y’inkomoko: Bugamije impamvu nyamukuru y’uturemangingo aho kwibasira ibimenyetso gusa. | Uburyo bugoye: Kwinjiza ibintu by’uturemangingo tw’amahanga rimwe na rimwe bishobora gutera ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri. |
| Gutera imbere hakiri kare: Kuvura indwara hakiri kare bishobora gukumira kwangirika ku buryo budasubirwaho ku mubiri. | Ingaruka z'igihe kirekire: Kubera ko uru rwego ari rushya, ingaruka z'igihe kirekire mu myaka myinshi ziracyari kwigwa. |
Ese nkwiye kuvugana na muganga wanjye kuri ibi?
Niba wowe cyangwa umwe mu bagize umuryango wawe afite indwara yandujwe n’abantu, kanseri, cyangwa indwara igoye kwitabwaho, ni byiza cyane ko uyiganiraho na muganga wawe .
Nubwo ubuvuzi bushingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo butaraba uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura, kugumana amakuru ku iterambere ry’ubuvuzi ku isi ni ingenzi. Ubu buryo bushobora kuzaba uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura mu gihe kizaza.
Igikuru ni ukudafata ibyemezo by’ubuvuzi bwite ushingiye ku gushakisha kuri interineti. Buri gihe shaka inama za muganga wawe. Bashobora kugusobanurira uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura, bukwiye, kandi buhari kuri ubu ku bijyanye n’uburwayi bwawe.
Bizafata igihe kugira ngo iri koranabuhanga rikure neza, ariko biragaragara ko siyansi y'ubuvuzi irimo gukora cyane kugira ngo ibone ibisubizo ndetse n'indwara zikomeye cyane. Ibyo ni isoko ikomeye y'ibyiringiro kuri twese.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kuvura imiterere y’uturemangingo ni uburyo bushya bwo kuvura indwara binyuze mu guhindura imiterere y’uturemangingo tw’umubiri.
- Igamije kuvura impamvu nyamukuru y'indwara aho kuvura ibimenyetso gusa.
- Ifite ubushobozi bunini bwo kuvura indwara zikomeye nka kanseri n'indwara z'uturemangingo.
- Ibyinshi muri ibi biracyari mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi, kandi bizana inyungu n’ingaruka.
- Niba ushishikajwe n'ubuvuzi bugezweho, ni ngombwa kugisha inama muganga wawe kugira ngo akugire inama ku giti cye.
Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo, ADN, uturemangingo, indwara zarazwe, kuvura kanseri, ubuvuzi bugezweho
