Ese umwana wawe afite autisme? Abaganga bayisuzuma bate? (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD)

Ese hari igihe wumva umwana wawe atameze nk'abandi bana, ko yitwara mu buryo butandukanye gato? Ashobora guhitamo kuba wenyine, gukina wenyine, cyangwa kutakumva iyo umuganirije, cyangwa kutakwitegereza mu maso. Ni ibisanzwe ko umubyeyi yumva afite ubwoba cyangwa ahangayikishijwe mu bihe nk'ibi. Uyu munsi, turaganira kuri iyi ndwara yitwa autisme, ihangayikishije ababyeyi benshi, n'uburyo abaganga bayisuzuma.

Mu magambo make, autism ni iki?

Ubwa mbere, reka tubisobanukirwe. Autism si indwara. Ni indwara itera ubwonko gukura. Mu by'ukuri, yitwa Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) . Ijambo 'spectrum' ni ingenzi cyane hano. Ibi bivuze ko abana bose bafite iyi ndwara atari bamwe. Hari abana bashobora kugira ubumuga bukomeye bwo mu mutwe. Abandi ni abanyabwenge cyane kandi bashobora gukora ku giti cyabo. Rero, ntukagereranye umwana wawe n'undi mwana ufite ASD.

Kumenya iki kibazo hakiri kare ni ingenzi cyane ku mwana no ku muryango. Kuko iyo kigaragaye hakiri kare, dushobora gufasha umwana guteza imbere ubushobozi bwe no kumufasha. Ariko si ko buri gihe byoroshye kukimenya. Kuko nta kizamini cya laboratwari cyacyo. Ibyo bivuze ko kidashobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ikizamini cy'amaraso cyangwa isuzuma. Abaganga bagisuzuma bitonze bareba imyitwarire y'umwana kandi bakamusaba amakuru kuri wowe, ababyeyi.

Gusuzuma indwara bitangirana n'umuganga w'abana.

Intambwe ya mbere muri uru rugendo ni ukubonana na muganga w’abana w’umwana wawe buri gihe. Ubusanzwe, abana bajyanwa kwa muganga buri kwezi cyangwa mu bihe bisanzwe. Cyane cyane mu isuzuma ry’amezi 18 na 24 , muganga azagenzura neza niba umwana arimo gukura neza. Iri suzuma rikorwa nubwo umwana asa n’aho nta kibazo afite.

Muri iki gihe, umuganga azareba umwana, amuganirize, kandi akubaze ibibazo. Azakubaza niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango ufite iyi ndwara, kandi azabaze ibijyanye n'imikurire y'umwana n'imyitwarire ye. Ibisubizo utanga ni ingenzi cyane muri iki kibazo.

Reka turebe icyo abaganga bitaho by'umwihariko.

Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibi byose, niba nta kibazo gikomeye ufite, icyo kibazo kirarangiye. Ariko niba muganga afite gushidikanya cyangwa abonye ko umwana wawe atinze gukura, azakohereza itsinda ry’inzobere kugira ngo bakore ibizamini birambuye.

Ni iki gikurikiraho? Inama n'itsinda ry'impuguke

Niba muganga wawe afashe icyemezo cy'uko umwana wawe akeneye gupimwa ibindi, uzahura n'itsinda ry'inzobere zihariye mu bijyanye n'indwara ya autism. Muri rusange iri tsinda rishobora kuba ririmo:

• Inzobere mu by'imitekerereze y'abana:Urwego rw'imitekerereze y'umwana, ubwenge bwe, n'imyitwarire ye birasuzumwa.
• Inzobere mu by’indwara z’imivugire: Isuzuma ubushobozi bw’umwana bwo kuvuga no kumva ururimi.
• Umuvuzi w'Umwuga: areba ibikorwa by'umwana bya buri munsi (kurya, kwambara, gukina) n'ibibazo by'ibyumviro.
• Impuguke mu by'iterambere ry'abana
• Inzobere mu ndwara z'imitsi

Ibi bizamini bireba ahanini urwego rw'ubwonko bw'umwana, ubushobozi bwe bwo kuvuga, n'ubushobozi bwe bwo kubaho buri munsi (nk'ukurya, kwambara no kujya mu bwiherero).

Kwemeza ku mugaragaro uko ibintu bimeze

Kugira ngo umwana agaragazwe ku mugaragaro ko afite autisme, agomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa bikubiye mu gitabo cy’ubuvuzi n’imibare cy’indwara zo mu mutwe (DSM-5), cyasohotse n’ishyirahamwe ry’abaganga b’indwara zo mu mutwe b’Abanyamerika.

Mu magambo make, kugira ngo umwana agaragarweho ASD, agomba kugaragaza imbogamizi mu bintu bibiri by'ingenzi.

1. Imbogamizi mu itumanaho no mu mibanire: Abana bafite ASD bagorwa no "guhuza" n'abandi, kumva ibisubizo byabo, gusoma ibimenyetso by'imibanire, kureba mu maso no kuganira bisanzwe. Bashobora gutangira kuvuga batinze kurusha abandi bana. Bashobora kandi kugira ingorane mu bumenyi bwo kugenzura imitsi bukenewe mu bintu nko gushushanya no gukina.

2. Imyitwarire itoroshye kandi isubiramo: Abana barwaye ASD bashobora kugaragaza imyitwarire isubiramo nko gukora ibimenyetso mu buryo bumwe, gusubiramo amagambo cyangwa interuro zimwe, no kubabazwa cyane n'impinduka ntoya mu mikorere yabo. Bashobora kuba bashishikajwe n'ikintu kimwe (urugero: imodoka, gari ya moshi, dinosaure). Bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo byo kumva.

Ibindi bizamini

Hari igihe abaganga bashobora no gutanga inama yo gupima imiterere y’umubiri kugira ngo barebe niba hari izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibi bimenyetso. Nanone, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, hari na porogaramu zikoresha amakuru n’ubwenge bw’ubukorano kugira ngo zifashe mu gusuzuma ASD. Nubwo ibi bitarakunze kugaragara mu gihugu cyacu, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, ubufasha batanga buziyongera.