Ese hari ikibazo cy'uko amaraso atembera mu maso? Reka twige kuri (Ischemic Optic Neuropathy) mu buryo bworoshye!

Ese wigeze wumva uhubutse nk'aho utabona neza cyangwa utabona neza? Wenda wabyutse mu gitondo ntubone neza mu jisho rimwe? Cyangwa wahise wumva uhubutse nk'aho hari umwijima imbere y'amaso yawe? Niba warigeze guhura n'ikintu nk'iki, ntukirengagize byoroshye, sibyo? Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga ku ndwara ishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibi, kandi ugomba kwitonda gato, ariko niba ubimenye mbere y'igihe, bishobora kugufasha kubikemura. Ibyo byitwa `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` , bizwi kandi nka `(ION)` mu magambo ahinnye.

Ese uzi icyo `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - ION)` ari cyo?

Mu magambo make, `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` ni indwara aho umutsi mukuru utuma ijisho ryawe ribona, `(Optic Neurve)` udahabwa amaraso ahagije, bigatuma utabona neza. Tekereza, bigenda bite iyo ikimera cy'indabyo mu busitani bwacu kidahawe amazi ahagije? Gipfa buhoro buhoro, sibyo? Uko ni ko bigenda kuri ibi. Iyo amaraso atembera mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya `(Optic Neurve)` yawe yahagaritswe, ibyo bice bihagarika gukora neza, amaherezo bigatangira gupfa. Iyo uku kubura kw'amaraso kubaye gukomeye cyangwa bikamara igihe kirekire, `(Optic Neurve)` ishobora kwangirika burundu.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kuba mu gace k’uruziga inyuma y’ijisho ryawe kitwa ``Optic Disk```. ``Optic Disk`` niho imiyoboro y’amaraso n’``Optic Neurve`` bihurira n’ijisho. Iyi ndwara, yitwa ``ION```, ntabwo ikunze kugaragara cyane kandi yibasira abantu barengeje imyaka 50.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa `(ION)`?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bwa `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`. Reka turebe ibyo ari byo:

1. Indwara y'imitsi y'imbere ya Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) : Ubu ni bwo bwoko bwa ION bukunze kugaragara cyane. Bugira ingaruka ku mitsi y'amaso iri munsi ya disiki y'amaso cyangwa kuri disiki y'amaso ubwayo.

2. `(Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - PION)` : Muri ubu bwoko, ingaruka ziba ku gice cya `(Optic Neurve)` kiri inyuma gato.

Noneho reka tuvuge kuri buri bwoko muri ubu buryo mu buryo burambuye.

Impinduka muri `(AION)`

`(AION)` ifite ubwoko bubiri bw'inyuguti:

• Indwara y'imitsi itera imbere mu mitsi (AAION) : Iyi ni indwara itera imitsi itera imitsi (Arteritis) . Iyi ndwara ikunze kubaho ku ndwara nka Vasculitis, ari zo ndwara zitera imitsi itera amaraso.
• `(Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Neuropathy - NAION)` : Muri ibi, nta kubyimba kw'imitsi nk'uko byavuzwe mbere. Ibi bikunze kubaho kubera ko amaraso atembera muri `(Optic Neurve)` aba abujijwe.

Reka twige bike kuri `(PION)`

Kimwe na AION, PION ifite ubwoko bubiri bw'imitsi, Arteritike na Nonarteritike. Ni ukuvuga ko PION iterwa na arteritis, naho PION iterwa no kugabanuka kw'amaraso adatembera neza nta arteritis.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'ibi? Ese nawe ufite ibi?

Ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cya `(ION)` ni ukubura ubushobozi bwo kureba. Ariko, uburyo bibaho bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bwa `(ION)`. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibindi bimenyetso nabyo biratandukanye bitewe n'ubwoko.

Ibimenyetso bya `(NAION)`

Gutakaza amaso bitewe na NAION akenshi biba mu buryo butunguranye kandi nta bubabare. Akenshi bifatwa nk'aho umuntu atabona neza cyangwa atabona neza mu gice cy'aho umuntu areba, cyane cyane igice cyo hasi . Hari igihe no kubura amaso neza (dyschromatopsia) bishobora kubaho.

Abantu benshi babanza kubona iki kibazo cyo kutabona iyo bakangutse mu gitondo. Bishobora kuba nyuma yo gusinzira igihe kirekire cyangwa gusinzira gato.

Ni gake cyane, kureba bishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri. NAION ni yo bwoko bwa ION bukunze kugaragara cyane, kandi akenshi ifata ijisho rimwe na rimwe. Ariko, abantu bagera kuri 15% bafite NAION mu jisho rimwe bashobora kurwara irindi jisho nyuma.

Ibimenyetso bya `(AAION)`

Muri `(AAION)` , kureba akenshi kurabura mu buryo butunguranye. Ni ukuvuga ko kureba bishobora kubura, kugabanuka, kugabanuka, cyangwa kubura burundu. Muri `(AAION)`, bishobora guherekezwa n'ibimenyetso bijyanye na `(Arteritis)` byavuzwe haruguru. Ni:

• Umutwe: Cyane cyane ku mpande zombi z'agahanga.
• Kubyimba kw'imitsi yo mu gahanga ku mpande zombi: Nta gukubita kw'umutima bishobora kumvikana iyo uyikozeho.
• Kubabara imitsi y'umusaya iyo uhekenya ibiryo.
• Kugabanya ibiro cyangwa kugabanya ibiro mu buryo butari bwo.

Mu bantu bake, hashobora kubaho ubwoko bwa "occult" bwa Arteritic ION. Ibi bivuze ko amaso aba yatakaye, ariko nta kindi kimenyetso cya Arteritis kigaragara.

Ibimenyetso bya `(PION)`

PION yo mu mitsi na PION idafite imitsi byombi bitera gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba butunguranye kandi butababaza. Ariko, PION ishobora kugenda ikura mu ntangiriro. Ibi bivuze ko ibimenyetso bigenda birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Kuki iyi `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` ibaho? Ni izihe mpamvu?

Impamvu za `(ION)` zishobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko. Reka turebe uko bikora.

Impamvu za `(NAION)`

Impuguke ntiziramenya neza impamvu NAION itera imbere. Ariko batekereza ko akenshi biba biterwa n'ibintu bitandukanye.Ibi bikekwa ko biterwa no kuziba kw'amaraso ajya mu mitsi y'amaso. Izi ndwara akenshi zigira ingaruka ku buryo inzira z'amaraso zigenzura urujya n'uruza rw'amaraso binyuze mu mitsi y'amaso. Igihe cyose iyo mitsi ikora neza, ntuzatera NAION. Ariko, hari ibintu cyangwa ibibazo bishobora kubangamira iyo mitsi. Harimo:

• Impinduka mu miterere ya `(Optic Disk)` imbere mu jisho: Ibi bivuze ko `(Optic Disk)` iba nto cyangwa ikagira ubucucike bwinshi. Ibi kandi byitwa "disk iri mu kaga".
• Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso (Hypertension).
• `(Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2)` (Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2).
• Ateriosclerosis (ibinure byinjira mu mitsi).
• Indwara yo kubura umwuka wo gusinzira (sleep apnea).
• Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu gihe cyo gusinzira (`Nocturnal Hypotension`).
• Anemia (kugabanuka kw'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso cyangwa hemoglobin mu maraso).
• Kunywa itabi (harimo no kunywa itabi rya vape).
• Migraine.
• Imiti imwe n'imwe: Indabyo zigabanya ubukana bwa fosfodi (urugero, imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ikibazo cyo guhagarara k'ubugabo) zishobora kugira uruhare mu gutera ubugabo bwa ION. Ariko, abahanga ntibemera ko iyi miti yonyine ari yo itera ubugabo bwa ION.

Impamvu za `(Arteritic ION)` (AAION na APION)

`(AAION)` na `(APION)` byombi bifite impamvu imwe: `(Arteritis)` (arteritis). Iyi ndwara ibaho iyo hari ububyimbirwe mu miyoboro y'amaraso. Impamvu zikunze kugaragara ni izi:

• `(Arteritis y'uturemangingo twinshi - GCA)`
• Ubundi bwoko bwa `(Vasculitis)` (indwara zo kubyimba imitsi y'amaraso).

Impamvu za `(Nonarteritic PION - NPION)`

Hari impamvu nyinshi zihariye zigira ingaruka kuri `(NPION)`. Izo ni izi:

• Indwara zigira ingaruka ku gutembera kw'amaraso mu jisho: Inyinshi muri zo zisa n'izitera NAION. Urugero, Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, Ateriosclerose.
• Kuva amaraso: Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso mu buryo butunguranye bishobora gutuma amaraso atembera inyuma y'ijisho, bigatera indwara ya NPION.
• Kubagwa: Umuvuduko w'amaraso ushobora kugabanuka bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Ibi bishobora gutera PION.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kugira ibi?

Hari abantu bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara (Ischemic Optic Neuropathy). Reka turebe abo ari bo:

• Abantu bafite ibyago byo kurwara imitsi: Ibi bivuze ko abafite indwara twavuze mbere, nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete, cholesterol nyinshi, kunywa itabi, no guhumeka mu gihe cyo gusinzira, bari mu kaga gakomeye.
• Abantu bafite indwara zo kubyimba: Urugero, abantu bafite indwara nka `(Giant Cell Arteritis - GCA)` nabo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara `(ION)`.
• Abantu barengeje imyaka 50.
• Ku bagaboBashobora gukura gato kurusha abagore.

Ni gute umuganga abimenya?

Inzobere mu by’amaso ishobora gusuzuma ION ikoresheje uburyo butandukanye. Ubusanzwe igikorwa cyo gusuzuma gitangira kukubaza ibibazo bijyanye n’ibimenyetso byawe, ibyabaye mu buzima bwawe, n’amateka yawe y’ubuvuzi. Ibisubizo byawe bizabafasha kugabanya urutonde rw’impamvu zishobora gutera indwara binyuze mu gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora kuba zisa na ION. Hanyuma bazakora isuzuma ry’amaso , bitondera cyane ibice by’ijisho bireba disiki y’amaso, iri inyuma y’ijisho.

• ION y'imbere (AION): AION yo mu mitsi n'iy'imitsi idafite imitsi itera impinduka zigaragara muri disiki yawe y'amaso hakiri kare. Izi mpinduka zifasha umuganga w'amaso gusuzuma iyo ndwara. Mu gihe cyo gusuzuma AAION, bazareba niba ufite ibimenyetso bifitanye isano na Arteritis.
• `(Posterior ION - PION)`: Ubwo bwoko buragoye gato kubumenya. Kubera ko mu ntangiriro, nta mpinduka zigaragara muri `(Optic Disk)`.

Ni ibihe bizamini biri gukorwa kuri ibi?

Hari ibizamini byinshi bishobora gufasha gusuzuma indwara (ION) n'izindi ndwara zose zishobora kuyitera. Bimwe muri byo biroroshye kandi ntibisaba imbaraga nyinshi z'umubiri. Urugero:

• Ikizamini cyo kureba: Reba niba hari inenge iyo ari yo yose mu mwanya w'amaso (ahantu hatagaragara).
• Gupima umuvuduko w'amaraso.
• Gupima amaraso: Reba indwara nka Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, cholesterol nyinshi, n'ibura rya vitamine.
• Gupima umuvuduko w'imbere mu maso.
• Isuzuma rya Fluorescein Angiography: Iri suzuma rikoresha irangi ryihariye mu gufata amafoto y'imitsi y'amaraso iri mu jisho.
• Isuzuma ry’imikorere y’amatwi (OCT): Ibi bishobora gutanga amashusho arambuye y’imitsi y’amaso na retina.

Ibipimo bimwe na bimwe bikorwa by'umwihariko kugira ngo hamenyekane cyangwa havemo indwara nka "Arteritis" (zikenera ubuvuzi bwihariye vuba bishoboka). Ibi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo:

• Ibizamini byo gupima: Isuzuma rya ultrasound cyangwa magnetic resonance (MRI) ry'imitsi y'amaraso iri munsi y'uruhu ku mpande zombi z'agahanga.
• Isuzuma ry’imitsi y’igihe gito: Agace gato k’urugingo gafatwa mu mitsi iri ku mpande zombi z’agahanga maze kagapimwa indwara nka GCA.
• Gupima amaraso kugira ngo harebwe impinduka zijyanye no kubyimba: nk'ibipimo bya `(Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate - ESR)` na `(C-reactive Protein - CRP)`.

Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukorerwa ibizamini birambuye bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'ubuzima bwawe. Bashobora kukubwira byinshi ku bijyanye n'ibizamini n'impamvu ubikeneye.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi? Ese bishobora kuvurwa?

Uburyo bwo kuvura ION buratandukanye bitewe n'impamvu. Hari igihe umuganga ashobora kuvura ION mu buryo butaziguye. Ubundi, icyo ukeneye ni ukugenzura ibintu bishobora gutera imitsi no kuvura ibimenyetso.

Uburyo bwo kuvura `(Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`

ION yo mu bwoko bwa `(Anterior)` na `(Posterior Arteritic ION)` zigomba kuvurwa vuba hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubushyuhe ya `(Corticosteroid)` (urugero `(Prednisone)`) cyangwa imiti igabanya ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri nka `(Tocilizumab - Actemra®)`. `(Corticosteroid)` ikunze gutangwa nk'ikinini, ariko rimwe na rimwe inatangwa mu mitsi (IV). Igipimo cy'uyu muti cya `(Corticosteroid)` gitangira gutangwa mu rugero rwo hejuru hanyuma kikagabanuka buhoro buhoro mu minsi cyangwa ibyumweru byinshi. Hari abantu bashobora gukenera gufata uyu muti ku rugero rwo hasi igihe kirekire kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo byo kutabona bihoraho bya `(ION)`.

Uburyo bwo kuvura `(Nonarteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)`

Ikibabaje ni uko nta muti wagaragaye ko uvura neza `(Nonarteritic ION)`. Keretse niba ufite ikibazo nk'icya `(Arteritis)`, imiti ya `(Corticosteroid)` ntabwo ikunze kugirwa inama.

Muri iki gihe, uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kuvura `(Nonarteritic ION)` ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso no kuvura cyangwa kugabanya impamvu zibitera n'ibindi bintu. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko `(Nonarteritic ION)` ikunze kugira ingaruka ku jisho rimwe. Bityo ubu buryo bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba mu maso yombi bitewe na `(ION)`.

Niba ufite ikibazo cyo kutabona bitewe na ION, muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo gukoresha ibikoresho bigufasha nka magnifiers, cyangwa gukoresha imiterere y'amajwi cyangwa amabwiriza y'ijwi/ibitekerezo ku bikoresho byawe. Ibi bishobora kugufasha gukemura cyangwa gukemura ibibazo byo kutabona.

Ni iki twagombye kwitega mu gihe iki kibazo kibaye?

ION ikunze gutera ububabare butunguranye. Iyo mvuze "bitunguranye," bishobora kubaho mu minota cyangwa amasaha, ariko rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufata iminsi. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa ION butera ububabare bukabije cyangwa buke. Hari ubwoko bushobora gutera ububabare bukabije. Hari igihe hashobora kubaho ibihe bigufi byo kutabona neza mbere yuko ION itera ububabare bukabije.

Ese ibi bizanongera gutuma icyerekezo cyanjye kirushaho kuba cyiza?

`(ION)` ntabwo ishyira ubuzima mu kaga, ariko ishobora gutera ububabare bukomeye bwo kutabona bushobora kubangamira ubuzima bwawe.

Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, ION irashobora gusubizwa inyuma, ariko akenshi itera nibura gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu.Ariko, abantu batakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona nabo biga "guhuza" n'iki kibazo. Hanyuma batangira gukoresha izindi nzego z'amaso yabo mu mirimo yihariye, nko gusoma. Iyo ibi bibaye, bishobora gusa nkaho kureba kwabo kwarushijeho kuba kwiza, ariko ikiba mu by'ukuri ni uko bagenda barushaho gukora neza mu guhangana n'ikibazo cyo kutabona.

Ese indwara ya Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ishobora kwirindwa?

Ntushobora kwirinda burundu (ION). Ariko ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kuyirwara. Uburyo bw'ingenzi bwo kubikora ni ukwirinda cyangwa kugenzura indwara zishobora gutera cyangwa zigatera (ION). Muganga wawe ashobora kukugira inama yo guhindura imiti yawe y'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso kugira ngo wirinde umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu gihe usinziriye, gutangira imiti igabanya cholesterol, guhindura imiti yawe ya diyabete, guhagarika kunywa itabi (harimo no kunywa itabi), n'izindi ngamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo ugabanye amahirwe yo kuyirwara (ION).

Nanone, niba ukeneye kubagwa, abaganga bazafata ingamba zo gukumira `(ION)`. Niba warigeze kugira `(ION)` mbere, cyangwa niba uzi ko ufite indwara ishobora kuyitera (nka `GCA` cyangwa `vasculitis`), bwira umuganga wawe ubaga cyangwa umuganga w’inzobere mu by’imiti mbere yo kubagwa. Hanyuma bashobora gutegura neza no guhindura ibikenewe byose.

Wakwitaho ute niba ufite iyi ndwara?

Niba warigeze kugira "Nonarteritic ION" mu jisho rimwe, ugomba kwitondera cyane impinduka iyo ari yo yose cyangwa gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kubona mu jisho ryawe. Kuko iyo bigaragaye mu jisho rimwe, hari amahirwe menshi ko bizagaragara mu jisho rindi nyuma.

Niba ufite Arteritic ION, umuganga w'amaso azakohereza ku muganga w'inzobere, nka Rheumatologist. Umuganga w'amagufwa ashobora kugufasha gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zose z'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri cyangwa ububyimbirwe zishobora gutera Arterite yawe. Ni ngombwa gukurikiza amabwiriza y'umuganga w'amaso n'abandi baganga kugira ngo bagufashe gucunga indwara yawe. Ibi bizagufasha kwirinda gushya no kutabona neza cyangwa ibibazo mu gihe kizaza.

Ni ryari ugomba kubonana n'umuganga w'amaso wawe?

Muganga wawe w'amaso azaguteganyiriza gahunda yo kuzagukurikirana buri gihe kugira ngo akurikirane uko ubona cyangwa amaso yawe areba niba hari impinduka iyo ari yo yose. Ugomba gukomeza gahunda nk'uko bagusaba. Nanone, niba ubonye impinduka mu maso yawe, ugomba kubahamagara vuba bishoboka. Bashobora kukubwira niba ukeneye kuvugana na we, gushaka ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, cyangwa izindi mpinduka zihariye.

Ni ryari ugomba kujya mu Kigo cyita ku Buvuzi bw’Ingoboka (ETU) ?

Gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye ni ikimenyetso cyihutirwa gisaba ubuvuzi bwihuse.Kubera ko, rimwe na rimwe bishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga nka `(Stroke)` (indwara nk'ubumuga), cyangwa se bikaba ari ikibazo cy'amaso nka `(Retinal Detachment)` (gutandukana kwa retina - bishobora gukira iyo bivuwe vuba).

Umuganga wabihuguriwe n'ibizamini byihariye ni we wenyine ushobora kumenya niba gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye ari ikibazo cyihutirwa koko. Muri iyo mimerere , iminota mike ishobora kugira itandukaniro rikomeye. Niyo mpamvu ari byiza kutabyirengagiza niba utarigeze ugira ikibazo cy'ihungabana ry'amaso mbere. Niba ufite ikibazo kigushyira mu kaga ko gutakaza amaso mu buryo butunguranye, cyangwa niba warigeze kukigira mbere, vugana na muganga wawe. Bashobora gusobanura igihe iki kimenyetso gisaba ubuvuzi bwihutirwa n'igihe ari ikintu cyo kwitega bitewe n'ikibazo cyawe.

Ibibazo byo kubaza muganga wawe

Dore bimwe mu bibazo ushobora kwibaza:

• Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa Ischemic Optic Neuropathy mfite?
• Ni iki gishobora kuba gitera cyangwa kigira uruhare muri ibi?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura usaba?
• Ese ikibazo cyanjye cyo kutabona kizaba burundu, cyangwa hari amahirwe ko kizarushaho kuba cyiza?

Ese `(Ischemic Optic Neuropathy)` ni `(Stroke)`?

Oya, ariko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bisa.

`(Ischemia)` ni igihe uturemangingo tudakora amaraso ahagije maze tugatangira gupfa. `(Ischemic Stroke)` ni igihe biba mu bwonko bwawe. `(ION)` ni igihe biba mu `(Optic Never)` yawe. Niyo mpamvu bisa ariko atari bimwe.

Indi mpamvu isa ni uko abantu bafite `(ION)` rimwe na rimwe bagira ibimenyetso bidahoraho. Ibi bibaye, bivuze ko uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara `(Optic Never Ischemia)` no kutabona neza mu minsi mike iri imbere. Rero, ntugomba kwirengagiza kutabona neza. Ibi bibaye, ugomba kwihutira gushaka abaganga bihutirwa.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka

Kubura amaso mu buryo butunguranye hamwe n’indwara ya Ischemic Optic Neuropathy bivuze ko imitsi yawe ya Optic idashobora kubona amaraso ahagije. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora gutuma habaho kwangirika burundu no kubura amaso. Kubwibyo, kubura amaso mu buryo butunguranye ntabwo ari ikintu cyo kwirengagiza cyangwa gutegereza.

Niba ufite ikibazo gishobora gutuma utabona neza cyangwa "ION", ni byiza kuvugana n'inzobere mu by'amaso. Bashobora kukubwira icyo ugomba kwitondera n'icyo wakora mu gihe ubonye impinduka mu kureba kwawe. Gukora vuba bishobora kugira itandukaniro rinini no kugufasha kwirinda ibibazo bikomeye byo kureba no kumererwa nabi. Rero, fata neza amaso yawe!

` Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, ION, AION, PION, Kubura amaso, Indwara z'amaso, Imitsi y'amaso, Kubura amaso mu buryo butunguranye