Ese umwana wawe yavutse afite ibiro bike? (Ibiro bike) Reka tubimenye!

Ese wigeze wumva ko umwana uvutse afite ibiro bike? Iyo wumvise inkuru nk'izo, wumva ufite ubwoba kandi ukagira amatsiko, sibyo? "Kuki ibyo byabaye? Ese umwana azaba ameze neza?" Hari ibibazo byinshi biza mu mutwe. Uyu munsi rero tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ndwara yitwa Low Birth Weight . Iki ni ikintu ababyeyi benshi bakeneye kumenya.

Ufite ibiro bike mu gihe cyo kubyara ni iki?

Mu magambo make, niba umwana wawe uvutse afite ibiro biri munsi ya garama 2500 (ni ukuvuga ibiro 2.5 cyangwa ibiro 5 na ounces 8) , ibyo ni byo twita ibiro bike byo kuvuka. Ubu ni bwo buremere umwana apimwa igihe yavukaga.

Ugereranyije, abana bagera kuri 80 mu 100 bavutse mu gihe cyo kubyara (hagati y'ibyumweru 37 na 41 byo gutwita) bapima hagati ya garama 2.600 (2.6 kg) na garama 3.800 (3.8 kg).

Ariko dore ikibazo, kuba umwana yavutse afite ibiro bike ntibivuze ko azaba umwana ufite ibiro bike nimara gukura. Mu by’ukuri, bamwe mu bana bafite ibiro bike baba bafite ubuzima bwiza nubwo baba ari bato.

Ariko, ibiro umwana avukana bishobora gufasha abaganga gufata icyemezo niba akeneye kwitabwaho byihariye nyuma yo kuvuka. Ibi biterwa nuko abana bamwe bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bitewe n'ibiro bike avukana. Niba umwana wawe ari muto cyane avuka, bishobora kugorana kurya, kongera ibiro no kurwanya indwara . Hari abana bashobora kandi kugira ibibazo by'ubuzima by'igihe kirekire.

Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara gute?

Abana bavutse bafite ibiro bike barimo kuvuka hirya no hino ku isi, harimo no mu gihugu cyacu. Urugero, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, hafi umwana umwe kuri 12 wavutse mu 2021 yavutse afite ibiro bike. Ni ukuvuga hafi 8.52% by'abana bavutse ari bazima. Ibi rero ntabwo bikunze kubaho.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'uko umwana avuka afite ibiro bike?

Abana bavutse bafite ibiro bike basa n'aho ari bato cyane ugereranyije n'abana bazima kandi bafite ibiro bisanzwe. Nanone, umutwe w'umwana ushobora gusa n'aho ari munini ugereranyije n'abandi bose. Bashobora kandi kugaragara nk'abana bato kuko bafite ibinure bike mu mubiri.

Ni iki gitera umwana uvuka afite ibiro bike?

Hari impamvu ebyiri z'ingenzi zitera umwana uvukana ibiro bike. Izo ni izi:

1. Kubyara igihe kitageze

2. Kugabanya gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda

Kubyara igihe kitageze

Kubyara igihe kitageze, cyangwa "kubyara igihe kitageze", ni igihe umwana wawe avuka mbere y'ibyumweru 37 byo gutwita. Kubyara igihe kitageze bivuze ko umwana wawe atabonye umwanya uhagije wo gukura no kwiyongera ibiro mu nda yawe. Ibi biterwa nuko umwana yongera ibiro byinshi mu byumweru bike bya nyuma byo gutwita.

Kugabanya gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda

Indi mpamvu ikomeye ni ukugabanya gukura kw'umwana uri mu nda, cyangwa icyo abaganga bita "Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)". Ibi bibaho iyo umwana adashobora gukura no kwiyongera ibiro uko bikwiye akiri mu nda. Hari igihe umwana ashobora kuvuka ari muto bitewe n'uko ababyeyi be ari bato. Ibi ni ibisanzwe.

Ariko hari abana bamwe bagira IUGR kubera ko hari ikintu kibangamira imikurire yabo mu gihe batwite. Ibi bishobora guterwa na:

• Ibibazo bya placenta: Umwana abona intungamubiri na ogisijeni akeneye binyuze muri placenta. Rero, niba hari ikibazo kuri placenta, bizagira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana.
• Ubuzima bwawe: Indwara zimwe na zimwe umubyeyi arwara mu gihe atwite (urugero: umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, diyabete) zishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana.
• Ubuzima bw'umwana: Hari igihe imikurire ishobora kudindira bitewe n'indwara y'uturemangingo cyangwa ubwandu bw'umwana.

Ni ibihe bintu bishobora gutera ingaruka kuri ibi?

Hari ibintu byinshi byongera ibyago byo kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Indwara zidakira urwaye mu gihe utwite: Urugero, niba ufite indwara y'igihe kirekire nka diyabete cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
• Kwandura indwara mu gihe cyo gutwita: Hari ubwandu bushobora kugira ingaruka ku mikurire y'umwana.
• Gukoresha imiti imwe n'imwe mu gihe utwite: Ntugafate imiti iyo ari yo yose muri iki gihe utabanje kugirwa inama na muganga.
• Gukoresha ibintu nk'inzoga n'itabi mu gihe utwite: Ibi bibangamira cyane umwana.
• Kutagira ibiro bihagije cyangwa kutagabanya ibiro mu gihe utwite: Kurya indyo yuzuye ni ingenzi cyane.
• Gutwita abana barenze umwe (Abafite inshuro nyinshi): Ibi byago biba byinshi iyo utwite impanga cyangwa impanga eshatu.
• Guhura n'ibintu bihumanya ikirere cyangwa icyuma gihumanya ikirere.
• Ababyeyi bari munsi y'imyaka 17 cyangwa irenga 35.
• Imirimo yo kubyara mbere y'igihe.

"Si buri wese ufite ibi bintu byose bishobora gutera ibyago uzabyara umwana ufite ibiro bike. Nanone, umuntu udafite kimwe muri ibi bintu ashobora kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike. Rero ntugatinye, ariko ni ngombwa kubimenya."

Ni izihe ngorane ziterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Abana bavutse bafite ibiro bike baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo bimwe na bimwe by'ubuzima. Imibiri yabo mito ntabwo ikomeye nk'iy'abana bavutse bafite ibiro bisanzwe. Bashobora kugorwa no kurya, kongera ibiro no kurwanya indwara . Nanone, abana bavutse bafite ibiro bike baba bafite ibinure bike mu mubiri, bigatuma bigorana ko bahora bashyushye .

Uko ibiro by'umwana avuka ari bike, ni ko ibyago byo kurwara indwara biba byinshi. Bimwe muri ibyo bibazo bishobora kuvuka hakiri kare birimo:

• Ogisijeni nkeya mu gihe cyo kuvuka.
• Indwara zandurira mu mubiri.
• Indwara ya Jaundice.
• Ingorane zo guhumeka: Cyane cyane indwara y'ubuhumekero y'abana bato (IRDS), indwara y'ubuhumekero iterwa n'ibihaha bidakuze.
• Ibibazo by'imitsi: Urugero, kuva amaraso mu bwonko (Intraventricular Hemorrhage - IVH) bishobora kubaho.
• Ibibazo by'igogora: Indwara nka ``Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)``, itera kwangirika gukomeye kw'imibiri y'amara.

Hariho kandi ibyago byinshi byo kugira ibibazo by'igihe kirekire :

• Gutinda mu iterambere ry'imitsi n'imibereho myiza: Ibi bivuze ko ibintu nko kugenda no kuvuga bishobora gutinda gato.
• Itandukaniro mu myigire.
• Ingorane z'ubuzima zishobora kubaho uko ugenda ukura: ibintu nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, indwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, na diyabete.

Ni gute wamenya umwana uvukana ibiro bike?

Iyo ugiye kwa muganga mu gihe utwite, muganga wawe azakoresha uburyo butandukanye kugira ngo amenye ingano y'umwana wawe. Uburyo bumwe ni ugukurikirana ubwiyongere bw'ibiro byawe. Ubundi ni ugupima uburebure bw'umugongo . Iyi ni intera iri hagati y'umura n'igufwa ry'ikibuno. Muganga wawe azakoresha kandi scan ya `(ultrasound)` kugira ngo arebe imikurire n'imikurire y'umwana.

Mu masaha make ya mbere nyuma yo kubyara, umuganga azapima umwana. Bazagereranya ibiro by'umwana n'imyaka yo gutwita maze babyandike mu nyandiko y'abaganga. Umwana upima garama 2500 (2.5 kg) yitwa ibiro bike, naho umwana upima garama 1500 (1.5 kg) yitwa ibiro bike cyane .

Ni gute umwana uvukana ibiro bike avurwa?

Muganga w'umwana wawe ni we uzagena uburyo bwo kuvura umwana uvutse afite ibiro bike. Azagena uburyo bwo kuvura hashingiwe ku buryo umwana azajya avura:

• Imyaka yo gutwita.
• Imiterere y'ubuzima muri rusange.
• Amateka y'ubuvuzi.
• Bitewe n'urugero rw'imiti, uburyo bwo kwa muganga, cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura .

Ubusanzwe, uburyo bwo kuvura umwana uvutse afite ibiro bike bugizwe n'ibi bikurikira:

• Ivuriro ry’abana batwite (NICU): Iki ni ishami ryita ku bana batwite.
• Gushyira umwana mu buriri bugenzurwa n'ubushyuhe: Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kuko bigoye ku bana bato kugumana ubushyuhe bw'umubiri wabo.
• Gutanga amashereka yihariye: Hari igihe, iyo umwana adashoboye konka, amashereka atangwa nk'amazi binyuze mu muyoboro w'amaraso (IV) cyangwa umuyoboro ushyirwa mu gifu.
• Ubuvuzi bukenewe ku zindi ngorane.

Abana bavutse bafite ibiro bike, keretse iyo hari izindi ngorane, akenshi bahura n'abandi bana mu bijyanye n'imikurire y'umubiri uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bitewe n'uko umwana wawe ameze, muganga wawe ashobora kubohereza kwa muganga w'inzobere kugira ngo abavure ubundi buryo.

Bigenda bite iyo umwana wanjye avutse afite ibiro bike?

Niba umwana wawe yavutse afite ibiro bike, ashobora gukenera kwitabwaho by’umwihariko mu cyumba cy’ubuvuzi cy’abana bato (NICU) cyo kwa muganga . Azaguma muri NICU kugeza igihe yungukiye ibiro bihagije kandi abaganga bakeka ko akize bihagije kugira ngo atahe.

Igipimo cyo kubaho k'umwana uvukanye ibiro bike giterwa n'ibiro bye ubwo yavukaga. Abana bapima garama zitarenze 500 (0.5 kg) ni bo bafite amahirwe make yo kubaho. Ariko, iterambere mu buvuzi ryatumye bishoboka kurokora n'abana bato cyane.

Nubona umwana wawe mu bitaro bya NICU, uzumva ubabaye cyane kandi ufite ubwoba. Ibyo ni ibisanzwe. Ariko wizera abaganga b'umwana wawe. Bazakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bafashe umwana wawe kongera ibiro no kumutegura gutaha avuye mu bitaro.

Ese umwana uvuka afite ibiro bike ashobora kwirindwa?

Yego, ushobora gufasha mu kurinda umwana wawe kuvuka afite ibiro bike. Itondere ibi bintu mu gihe utwite:

• Jya kwa muganga ku gihe (Gusuzuma buri gihe): Kurikiza amabwiriza ya muganga neza.
• Kura ingano ikwiye ya karori n'indyo: Kura indyo yuzuye kandi ifite intungamubiri.
• Niba urwaye diyabete, genzura urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe.
• Irinde burundu inzoga n'itabi.

Ni gute nakwita ku mwana wanjye?

Niba umwana wawe yavutse afite ibiro bike, baza muganga wawe icyo wakora kugira ngo umufashe kongera ibiro no kugira ubuzima bwiza. Uko umwana wawe agenda akura, menya neza ko arya ibiryo byiza, akina kandi akagira imyitozo ngororamubiri . Ni ngombwa kandi kumujyana kwa muganga ku gihe kugira ngo ahabwe inkingo .

Mu kujya kwa muganga buri gihe, muganga w'umwana wawe ashobora kumenya indwara zishobora gutera ibibazo uko agenda akura. Gukingirwa bishobora kandi kurinda umwana wawe indwara zikomeye.

Ni ibihe bibazo ngomba kubaza muganga wanjye?

Ushobora kubaza muganga wawe ibibazo nk'ibi:

• Ni iki nakora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike?
• Niba umwana wanjye yaravutse afite ibiro bike, nakora iki kugira ngo yunguke ibiro?
• Ese umwana wanjye azagira ibibazo bikomeye bitewe no kuvuka afite ibiro bike?
• Ese umwana wanjye akeneye ibizamini cyangwa uburyo bwo kwivuza?
• Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura umwana wanjye mwamugira inama?
• Ese umwana wanjye akeneye gufata umuti uwo ari wo wose?

Amaherezo, ibuka (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Hari abana bafite ibiro bike bavuka ari bato kandi bafite ubuzima bwiza. Ariko ibiro by'umwana wawe uvukana bishobora gufasha abaganga gufata icyemezo niba akeneye kwitabwaho by'umwihariko nyuma yo kuvuka. Hari abana bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye by'ubuzima bitewe n'ibiro bike bavukana. Niba umwana wawe avukana ibiro bike, ashobora gukenera kuguma muri NICU. Ibyo bishobora kugorana kwihanganira. Ariko wizera abaganga b'umwana wawe . Bakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo bafashe umwana wawe. Ni ngombwa kandi ko ukurikiza imyitwarire myiza kuva utwite no gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe nyuma yo kubyara umwana wawe.

Kubyara umwana ufite ibiro bike, kubyara imburagihe, gukura nabi kw'umwana uri mu nda, NICU, ubuzima bw'umwana, gutwita, kwita ku mwana