Ese wigeze ujya mu gace k’umukungugu, urugero, ahantu nka Anuradhapura cyangwa Polonnaruwa? Ugomba kuba warumvise abasaza bakubwira kwitondera imibu iyo ugiye. Impamvu nyamukuru ni indwara yitwa malariya. Nubwo yari ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubuzima mu gihugu cyacu, Sri Lanka ubu yemejwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima nk’igihugu kitagira malariya. Ibyo ni ibintu bikomeye! Ariko, ibyo ntibivuze ko tugomba kubyibagirwa burundu.
Ni ngombwa cyane kumenya malariya, cyane cyane niba ugiye mu mahanga kubera akazi cyangwa urugendo. Rero, uyu munsi turaganira ku cyo malariya ari cyo, uko ikwirakwira, n’uburyo bwo kwirinda.
Mu by'ukuri malariya ni iki?
Muri make, malariya ni indwara ikomeye, rimwe na rimwe ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga iterwa n’udukoko. Iyi ndwara yandurira mu kurumwa n’umubu w’ingore (ubwoko bwa Anopheles) urwaye malariya. Iyo iyi ndwara yinjiye mu maraso yacu, ibanza kujya mu mwijima. Aho ngaho, iragwira, ikongera kwinjira mu maraso igatangira kwangiza uturemangingo dutukura tw’amaraso. Niho dutangira kugaragaza ibimenyetso. Nubwo malariya itakigaragara muri Sri Lanka, iyi ndwara iracyagaragara mu bihugu bifite ikirere gishyushye nko mu bihugu bya Afurika, mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo muri Aziya y’Amajyepfo n’Amajyepfo y’Uburasirazuba, no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Amerika y’Epfo. Kubwibyo, niba ugiye mu gihugu nk’icyo, ni ngombwa kubimenya.
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'udukoko dutera malariya?
Malariya iterwa n'udukoko twitwa Plasmodium. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ingenzi bwa malariya butera malariya mu bantu. Ntabwo bwose bumeze kimwe; bumwe ni bubi kurusha ubundi.
| Ubwoko bw'udukoko | Ibisobanuro |
|---|
| Plasmodium falciparum | Ubu ni bwo bwoko buteye akaga cyane. Bukwirakwira vuba cyane mu mubiri. Bushobora gutera ibintu nko kubura amaraso cyane no kuziba imitsi mito y'amaraso mu bwonko. Iyo bugize ingaruka ku bwonko, tubwita malariya yo mu bwonko . Ibi kandi bibangamira ubuzima. Bikunze kugaragara cyane muri Afurika. |
| Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) | Ubwo bwoko buratandukanye gato. Bushobora kuguma mu mwijima mu gihe cy'amezi menshi, ndetse n'imyaka, nyuma yo kurumwa n'umubu hanyuma bukongera kugaruka. Ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara muri Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo. |
| Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale) | Ibi bisa cyane na P. vivax kandi bikunze kugaragara muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no mu birwa byo mu burengerazuba bwa Pasifika. |
| Malariya ya Plasmodium (P. malariya) | Iyo idavuwe neza, ubwo bwoko bushobora gutera indwara idakira imara ubuzima bwose. Igaragara ku isi yose. |
| Plasmodium knowlesi (P. knowlesi) | Nubwo ubu bwoko bw'indwara bukunze kwibasira inguge, ubu byagaragaye ko ishobora no kwanduza abantu. Yiyongera mu masaha 24 gusa, bityo ishobora guhita ikomera. Iboneka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Aziya. |
Malariya yandura ite?
Uburyo bw'ingenzi ni ukunyura mu kurumwa n'umubu w'ingore witwa Anopheles urimo udukoko twa malariya .
Ntiyandurira mu bantu nk'ibicurane cyangwa grippe, binyuze mu kwitsamura, gukorakoraho, cyangwa imibonano mpuzabitsina. Ibi bivuze ko malariya idakwirakwira. Ariko, ni gake cyane, ishobora gukwirakwira mu bundi buryo:
- Mu guterwa amaraso n'umuntu wanduye (ariko ubu, kubera ko amaraso apimwa mbere yuko atangwa, amahirwe yo kuba ibi bibaho ni make cyane).
- Mu gusangira inshinge zandujwe n'amaraso yanduye.
- Kuva ku mubyeyi utwite wanduye kugeza ku mwana we, mu gihe atwite cyangwa abyara.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya malariya?
Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma
y'iminsi 10 kugeza kuri 15 nyuma yo kurumwa n'umubu. Ariko, hari ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'indwara (cyane cyane P. vivax) bushobora kumara igihe kirekire. Ibimenyetso bya mbere bishobora gusa n'ibicurane bisanzwe, bigatuma byoroha kubivangavanga.
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragara iyo indwara ikomeye
| Ibimenyetso bisanzwe |
|---|
| - Umuriro mwinshi | - Ububabare bw'umubiri |
| - Ubukonje | - Umutwe |
| - Kubira ibyuya byinshi | - Kugira isesemi cyangwa kuruka |
| - Umunaniro ukabije | - Impiswi |
| - Guhinduka umuhondo ku ruhu no ku maso (jaundice) | - Urujijo |
| - Gufatwa n'indwara zo mu mutwe/gufatwa n'ibisebe | - Kunanirwa kw'impyiko |
| - Amaraso mu ntebe | - Kugorwa no guhumeka |
Ni ryari ukwiye kujya kwa muganga?
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Malariya ni indwara ishobora kwiyongera vuba. Kubwibyo,
ni ngombwa gushaka ubuvuzi vuba. Niba uherutse kujya mu gihugu aho malariya itera ibyago kandi ukaba ufite kimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru, jya kwa muganga ako kanya. Menya neza ko wabwiye muganga wawe amateka y'urugendo rwawe.
Ni gute wasuzuma indwara ya malariya?
Hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n'amateka y'urugendo rwawe, muganga wawe ashobora gukeka ko urwaye malariya. Bazagukorera ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo byemezwe.
- Gupima amaraso: Iki ni cyo gipimo cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ukuri. Igitonyanga cy'amaraso kiva mu rutoki rwawe gishyirwa ku gitambaro, kigasigwa irangi ryihariye, hanyuma kigasuzumwa hifashishijwe mikorosikopi. Ibi bishobora kwerekana niba agakoko gahari, ubwoko bwako, n'umubare w'abahari.
- Ikizamini cyihuse cyo gusuzuma indwara (RDT): Iki ni ikizamini gishobora gutanga ibisubizo byihuse. Kimwe n'ikizamini cya COVID-19 cyo mu rugo, igitonyanga cy'amaraso gishyirwa ku murongo w'ikizamini. Ariko, ibi ntibigaragaza buri gihe ubwoko nyabwo bw'udukoko, bityo hagomba no gukorwa isuzuma ry'amaraso.
- Ikizamini cya Molecular (PCR): Iki kizamini gipima niba ADN y'agakoko gatera indwara iri mu maraso. Iki kizamini gifasha kumenya ubwoko bwihariye bw'agakoko gatera indwara.
- Ikizamini cy’Ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri: Iki gikorwa kireba niba warigeze kurwara malariya mbere.
Kuvura no kwirinda
Uburyo bwo kuvura buzaterwa n'ibintu byinshi. Urugero, ubwoko bw'udukoko twandujwe, ubukana bw'ibimenyetso byawe, imyaka yawe, niba utwite, n'aho wanduriye. Imiti muganga ashobora kukwandikira ishobora kuba irimo Chloroquine, Artemether-lumefantrine, na Primaquine.
Ntukigere ukoresha iyi miti utabanje kugisha inama muganga. Wakwirinda malariya gute?
Bavuga bati: “Kwirinda biruta kwivuza.” Niba ugiye mu gihugu kirimo malariya, menya neza ko ubikora.
- Ambara imyenda ipfutse uruhu: ipantaro ndende, ishati y'amaboko maremare.
- Koresha umuti wica udukoko: Siga umuti wica udukoko urimo ikintu nka DEET ahantu hagaragara uruhu.
- Koresha inzitiramibu: Mu gihe uryamye, gukoresha inzitiramibu, cyane cyane iyo yavuwe n'umuti wica udukoko (nka permethrin), bitanga uburinzi bukomeye.
- Shaka imiti ikurinda indwara: Shaka muganga mbere yo kujyayo hanyuma ubone imiti ikurinda malariya ijyanye n'akarere ugiyemo. Uyu muti ugomba gufatwa mu gihe runaka mbere, mu gihe na nyuma y'urugendo rwawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Malariya ni indwara ishobora kwica yandurira mu kurumwa n'umubu wanduye.
- Nubwo malariya yakuweho muri Sri Lanka, abaturage ba Sri Lanka bajya mu bihugu bifite ibyago byo kurwara malariya baracyari mu kaga.
- Niba ugaragaje ibimenyetso nk'umuriro, ubukonje, no kubabara umutwe, cyane cyane nyuma yo kujya mu mahanga, shaka ubufasha bwa muganga byihutirwa .
- Mbere yo kujya mu gace kashobora kwibasirwa na malariya, ganira na muganga wawe ku bijyanye no kwirinda imibu no gufata imiti yo kuyirinda.
- Gusuzuma no kuvurwa hakiri kare bishobora gukumira ingorane zikomeye ziterwa na malariya.
Malariya, Malariya Sinhala, Indwara zandurira mu mibu, Ibimenyetso bya Malariya, Kuvura Malariya, Kurinda Malariya, Plasmodium
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