Myeloma nyinshi ni iki? Reka tuvuge kuri iyi ndwara ikomeye!

Wigeze wumva indwara yitwa Multiple Myeloma? Wenda izina rikuvuga nabi, cyangwa se ukaba utarigeze uryumva na gato. Mu by'ukuri ni kanseri idakunze kugaragara, ariko ikomeye ifata amaraso yacu. Ni ngombwa kuyimenya, kuko kuyimenya hakiri kare bishobora kugufasha guhangana n'ibimenyetso byawe no kubaho ubuzima bwawe bwiza bushoboka.

Myeloma nyinshi ni iki?

Reka turebe icyo iyi ndwara ya myeloma nyinshi ari cyo. Mu magambo make, ni kanseri ivuka mu bwoko bw'uturemangingo twitwa plasma cells mu maraso yacu.

Noneho ushobora kwibaza uti "Utu tunyangingo twa plasma ni iki?" Utu ni ubwoko bw'utunyangingo tw'amaraso twera mu mubiri wacu. Mu gusobanura byinshi, ni igice cy'ingenzi cyane cy'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri wacu, sisitemu iturinda indwara. Hari igihe utunyangingo twa B twitwa kandi utunyangingo twa plasma . Utu tunyangingo twa plasma ni two dukora utunyangingo , cyangwa immunoglobulines . Utunyangingo twa plasma ni two turwanya mikorobe, bagiteri, na virusi zinjira mu mibiri yacu zikaturinda kurwara. Ni nk'utunyangingo duto tw'umubiri mu mibiri yacu.

Rero, iyo myeloma nyinshi ivutse, utwo turemangingo tw’amaraso dufite ubuzima bwiza turahinduka kubera impamvu runaka tugahinduka uturemangingo twa kanseri tudasanzwe . Hanyuma utwo turemangingo tudasanzwe dutangira kwigabanya no kwiyongera vuba, nta kugenzurwa. Uturemangingo twa plasma tudasanzwe dukura muri ubu buryo natwo dukora uturemangingo tudasanzwe kandi tudakora. Tubyita poroteyine za M.

Izi selile zidasanzwe ziragwira zigakora poroteyine za M, zishobora guteza ibibazo. Zishobora kwangiza amagufwa yawe no kugira ingaruka ku mikorere y'impyiko zawe. Zishobora kandi kubangamira ubushobozi bw'umusemburo w'amagufwa bwo gukora selile z'umweru zizima, selile zitukura, na plaquettes, bifasha amaraso kubumba.

Ese iyi ni indwara idakira?

Mu by’ukuri, nta muti uhari wa Myeloma nyinshi. Ibyo ni ukuri kubabaje. Ariko ntugahangayike , abaganga bashobora kuvura ingaruka mbi n’ibimenyetso by’iyi ndwara. Bashobora kandi kugabanya ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara.

Abantu benshi bashobora kugira igihe cyo gukira nta bimenyetso nyuma yo kuvurwa. Iki gihe tucyita igihe cyo koroherwa . Ni ukuvuga ko nyuma yo kuvurwa, ushobora kubaho mu buryo busanzwe nta bimenyetso bya myeloma nyinshi. Kuri bamwe, iki gihe cyo koroherwa kimara igihe kirekire.

Myeloma nyinshi ikunze kugaragara gute?

Iyi ni indwara idakunze kugaragara cyane.Imibare igaragaza ko abantu bagera kuri 7 kuri 100.000 bibasirwa n'iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Mu gihugu nka Amerika, bivugwa ko abantu bagera ku 100.000 barwara iyi ndwara. Nubwo nta makuru nyayo agaragaza umubare w'abantu bayirwara mu gihugu cyacu, iyi ndwara ifatwa nk'indwara idakunze kugaragara.

Ni nde ufite amahirwe menshi yo kurwara iyi ndwara?

Indwara ya myeloma nyinshi ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore . Byagaragaye kandi ko yibasira amoko amwe n'amwe kurusha ayandi. Urugero, abirabura bafite amahirwe abiri yo kurwara iyi ndwara ugereranyije n'abazungu.

Ku bijyanye n'imyaka, ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 40 na 70. Impuzandengo y'imyaka iyo umuntu ayirwaye ni hagati y'imyaka 65 na 74. Ibyo bivuze ko ikunze kugaragara iyo ugeze mu zabukuru.

Ni gute indwara ya Myeloma nyinshi igira ingaruka ku mubiri?

Hari abantu bashobora kutagira ibimenyetso mu ntangiriro, ariko ibintu nk'ibipimo by'amaraso bishobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso by'uko bashobora kurwara myeloma nyinshi mu gihe kizaza.

Urugero, gupima umwongo w'amagufwa cyangwa biopsy bishobora kugaragaza uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe hamwe n'impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo. Ibi bishobora gusobanura ko ufite indwara ya mbere ya kanseri yitwa smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) , ikaba ari yo ibanziriza myeloma nyinshi. Ibipimo by'amaraso n'inkari bishobora kandi kugaragaza poroteyine za M zikorwa n'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe. Iyi ndwara yitwa monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) . Abaganga bazagukurikiranira hafi ibi.

Ibimenyetso bya myeloma nyinshi bigaragara buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Bishobora gusa n'ibimenyetso by'izindi ndwara. Dore indwara z'ingenzi zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara n'impamvu zayo:

• Anemia: Kubura uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura. Ibi bibaho kubera ko uturemangingo tw’amaraso tudasanzwe twuzuza umwongo w’amagufwa, bikawubuza gukora uturemangingo tw’amaraso dutukura dufite ubuzima bwiza.
• Indwara za bagiteri, cyane cyane umusonga: Uretse uturemangingo dutukura, uturemangingo tudasanzwe two mu maraso turiyongera, bigatuma uturemangingo tw’umweru tuzima turwanya indwara. Ibi bishobora koroshya indwara.
• Thrombocytopenia: Umubare muto wa platelets mu maraso yawe. Platelets ni uturemangingo dufasha amaraso yawe kubumba. Uturemangingo duto duto twa plasma natwo dushobora kubangamira ikorwa ry'utu duce duto.
• Ububabare bw'amagufwa/gucika kw'amagufwa:Uturemangingo tw’amaraso tudasanzwe twangiza igufwa, bigatuma amagufwa acika intege, ababara, kandi avunika byoroshye. Ibi kandi byitwa ibisebe by’amagufwa .
• Ibibazo by'impyiko/kunanirwa: Impyiko zacu nizo zishinzwe kuyungurura imyanda n'uburozi mu mibiri yacu. Poroteyine za M zishobora kubangamira inzira yo kuyungurura impyiko no kuzingiza.
• Amyloidosis: Ibi bibaho iyo poroteyine zidasanzwe (poroteyine za amyloid) zishyizwe mu ngingo zitandukanye z'umubiri.
• Hypercalcemia: Kalisiyumu nyinshi iva mu magufwa yangiritse kandi afite intege nke yinjira mu maraso.
• Hyperviscosity syndrome: Poroteyine za M zituma amaraso abyimba, bivuze ko umutima ugomba gukora cyane kugira ngo upompe amaraso.
• Cryoglobulinemia: Myeloma nyinshi rimwe na rimwe ishobora gutuma poroteyine zo mu maraso zihurira hamwe mu gihe cy'ubukonje.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso bya Myeloma nyinshi?

Myeloma nyinshi ishobora gutera ibimenyetso bitandukanye. Ariko abantu benshi babanza kubabara amagufwa , cyane cyane mu ruti rw'umugongo no mu mbavu. Dore ibindi bimenyetso:

• Intege nke n'ibinure mu magufwa. Iyo amagufwa yo mu ruti rw'umugongo yangiritse, ashobora kugwa agakandagira ku ruti rw'umugongo.
• Umunaniro - Ibi bivuze kumva unaniwe cyane ku buryo utabasha gukora imirimo ya buri munsi, ukumva ufite intege nke. Ibi bishobora kuba ibimenyetso by'amaraso make.
• Isesemi no kuruka . Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'indwara yitwa hypercalcemia.
• Kubura ubushake bwo kurya no/cyangwa kumva ufite inyota kurusha uko bisanzwe. Ibi bishobora no kuba ibimenyetso bya hypercalcemia.
• Kugabanya ibiro mu buryo budasanzwe .
• Umuriro utazwi . Iki gishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ubwandu bwa bagiteri.
• Gukomereka cyangwa kuva amaraso byoroshye. Ibi bivuze ko umubiri udashobora gukora platelets zihagije bitewe n'uturemangingo tudasanzwe twa plasma.
• Gutakaza ubwenge , kudashobora kwibanda ku kintu runaka, kumva "igihu".

Wibuke ko kugira kimwe cyangwa bibiri muri ibi bimenyetso bitavuga ko ufite myeloma nyinshi. Ariko, niba ibi bimenyetso bikomeje, ni byiza kujya kwa muganga no kwisuzumisha.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera indwara ya Multiple Myeloma?

Abaganga n'abashakashatsi ntibaramenya neza icyatera myeloma nyinshi, ariko hari ibintu bikeka kandi barimo gukoraho ubushakashatsi:

• Impinduka mu miterere y’uturemangingo: Ubushakashatsi buri gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba hari isano iri hagati y’impinduka mu turemangingo tumwe na tumwe ( oncogenes ) zigenzura imikurire y’uturemangingo twacu na myeloma nyinshi. Byagaragaye kandi ko abantu benshi bafite iyi ndwara bafite ibice bimwe na bimwe bya chromosomes bibura.
• Ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko bishobora kuba biterwa n’imirasire, imiti yica udukoko, ifumbire mvaruganda n’ibindi binyabutabire nka Agent Orange.
• Kugira indwara y’ububyimbirwe: Urugero, indwara z’ububyimbirwe bw’igihe kirekire nk’indwara z’umutima, diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, na rubagimpande.
• Umubyibuho ukabije: Ibi bivuze kugira ibinure byinshi mu mubiri.

Ibi ni byo bikekwaho ubu. Ariko nta na kimwe muri ibyo cyagaragaye ko ari cyo cyabiteye.

Ni gute abaganga basuzuma iyi ndwara?

Umuganga akurikiza intambwe zitandukanye kugira ngo apime indwara ya myeloma nyinshi.

Ubwa mbere, uzakorerwa isuzuma ry’umubiri . Ibimenyetso byawe bizasuzumwa neza. Uzabajijwe kandi amateka y’ubuzima bw’umuryango wawe. Hanyuma, hashobora gukorwa ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo byemezwe ko wanduye. Amakuru azaboneka muri ibi byose azagaragaza aho kanseri igeze, urugero nk'ingano y’ikibyimba n’aho cyakwirakwiriye.

Ni ibihe bizamini bikorwa kuri ibi?

Abaganga bakora ibizamini bitandukanye kugira ngo barebe niba ufite myeloma nyinshi, kandi niba ari uko bimeze, niba iri mu ntangiriro cyangwa yarakwirakwiriye gato. Dore bimwe muri byo:

• Umubare wuzuye w'amaraso (CBC): Ibi bipima umubare w'uturemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso, uturemangingo twera tw'amaraso, n'ingano ya hemoglobin mu turemangingo dutukura tw'amaraso yawe.
• Ikizamini cya shimi y'amaraso: Iki kizasuzuma urugero rwa creatinine (rupima imikorere y'impyiko zawe), urugero rwa poroteyine ya albumin, urugero rwa calcium, n'urugero rwa lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LDH ishobora kuba ikimenyetso cy'ikibyimba.
• Ikizamini cy’ubwinshi bw’imyuka irinda indwara: Iki kizamini cy’amaraso gipima ingano y’ubwoko butandukanye bw’imyuka irinda indwara mu maraso yawe.
• Electrophoresis: Iki kizamini gisuzuma niba hari poroteyine za M mu maraso.
• Ibizamini by'inkari: Icyitegererezo cy'inkari cyakusanyijwe mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 kirapimwa.Ushobora gusuzuma indi poroteyine yitwa poroteyine ya Bence Jones, ikaba ari ikindi kimenyetso cya myeloma nyinshi.
• Imirasire ya X: Imirasire ya X ikoreshwa kugira ngo harebwe niba myeloma nyinshi yangije amagufwa.
• CT Scan (Computed Tomography - CT scan): Iki ni ikindi kizamini cyo kureba niba amagufwa yangiritse.
• MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI): Iyi scan ikoresha magnetique ikomeye n'imiraba ya radiyo kugira ngo ikore amashusho arambuye y'amagufwa yawe n'umugongo. Ikoreshwa mu gushaka ibintu nka plasmacytomas , ari byo bibyimba biba mu matsinda y'uturemangingo tudasanzwe twa plasma.
• Gupima PET (Positron Emission Tomography - Gupima PET): Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bwa scan bukoreshwa mu gupima plasmacytomas.
• Gusuzuma imisemburo y'amagufwa: Abaganga bafata urugero ruto rw'umusemburo w'amagufwa bakawusesengura kugira ngo barebe ijanisha ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dusanzwe n'utudasanzwe. Bashobora kandi kugenzura impinduka muri ADN zishobora gutera kanseri.

Ni gute ibyiciro bya Myeloma nyinshi bigenwa?

Abaganga bagena icyiciro cya myeloma nyinshi n'izindi kanseri bamenya ingano ya kanseri yakwirakwiriye n'aho yakwirakwiriye. Iki cyiciro gikoreshwa mu gutegura uburyo bwo kuvura. Uburyo bwo kumenya icyiciro cya myeloma nyinshi butangirana no gushyira iyi ndwara mu byiciro bine:

1. MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy ifite akamaro katazwi): Ibipimo by'amaraso bigaragaza ingano nto ya poroteyine ya M. Abantu bagera kuri 1% - 2% barwaye MGUS bashobora kurwara myeloma nyinshi.

2. Plasmacytoma zonyine cyangwa izitandukanye: Izi ni amatsinda y'uturemangingo tudasanzwe twa plasma twirema rimwe, ahantu hamwe.

3. SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma): Iyi ni indwara ibanziriza kanseri ibanziriza Multiple Myeloma. Abantu barwaye SMM bashobora kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje, kandi bakagaragaza poroteyine nke ya M mu maraso ndetse n'ubwiyongere bw'uturemangingo mu maraso mu musemburo w'amagufwa.

4. Myeloma nyinshi: Iri tsinda risobanura ko ibizamini bigaragaza amatsinda menshi y’uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu maraso, poroteyine ya M nyinshi mu maraso cyangwa mu nkari, hamwe n’ijanisha rinini ry’uturemangingo tudasanzwe mu maraso. Aba bantu bakunze kugira ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso, hypercalcemia, impyiko zinanirwa gukora neza, ndetse n’ibisebe byo mu maraso.

Hanyuma, abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwa Revised International Staging System (R-ISS).Icyiciro cya myeloma nyinshi kigenwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwitwa R-ISS system. Ubu buryo bushingiye ku rugero rwa albumin, beta-2 microglobulin, na lactate dehydrogenase mu maraso. Bunareba ibizamini byo kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’uturemangingo.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura indwara ya Myeloma nyinshi?

Abaganga bavura indwara ya myeloma nyinshi bitewe n'ibimenyetso byawe n'uburyo indwara ihagaze. Urugero, abantu barwaye MGUS akenshi ntibakenera kuvurwa vuba. Ariko muganga wabo akurikirana ubuzima bwabo buri gihe. Bashobora kandi gushyiraho gahunda yo kuvura kugira ngo bafate ingamba zihuse niba ibimenyetso bigaragaye.

Niba ufite ibimenyetso bya myeloma nyinshi, abaganga bashobora gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kuvura:

• Imiti igabanya ububabare: Abantu benshi bayikeneye kuko bagira ububabare bukomeye mu magufwa.
• Antibiyotike: Uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bugenda bugabanuka, niko ubwandu burushaho kwiyongera. Muganga wawe ashobora kukwandikira antibiyotike zo kuvura izi ndwara.
• Steroids: Steroids, iyo itanzwe ku rugero rwo hejuru, ishobora kwica uturemangingo twa kanseri no kugabanya ububyimbirwe.
• Ubwinshi bw'imiti: Ubwinshi bw'imiti bukoreshwa mu kugabanya umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso tudasanzwe.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri: Ubu buryo bwo kuvura butuma ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwawe bukora uturemangingo twinshi turwanya kanseri.
• Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mirasire: Ubu buvuzi busenya uturemangingo twa kanseri kandi bugagabanya ibibyimba by'amagufwa.
• Guteranya uturemangingo: Uturemangingo ni ubwoko bw'uturemangingo twihariye tuboneka mu musokoro cyangwa mu maraso yacu. Bishobora gufasha gukora uturemangingo dushya kandi dufite ubuzima bwiza mu maraso. Abaganga bakunze gutanga inama yo guteranya uturemangingo twihariye . Ibi bikubiyemo gukoresha uturemangingo twiza mu mubiri wawe kugira ngo dusimbuze uturemangingo twiza twangiritse cyangwa tutameze neza. Ni gake cyane, uturemangingo twiza dushobora kuboneka ku wundi muntu uduha. Ibi byitwa guterwa uturemangingo twiza two mu maraso .

Ushobora kumarana igihe kingana iki na Multiple Myeloma?

Hari abantu babana na myeloma nyinshi mu gihe cy'imyaka 10 cyangwa irenga. Kimwe n'izindi kanseri, kuzimenya hakiri kare no kuzivura hakiri kare ni ingenzi.Ibi nibyo bifasha abantu kubaho igihe kirekire. Urugero, abantu bagera kuri 78% bafite plasmacytoma imwe baracyariho imyaka itanu nyuma yo kugaragara. Igipimo rusange cy’ubuzima bw’imyaka itanu ku bantu bafite myeloma nyinshi kiri hagati ya 40% na 82%. Iyi mibare ishingiye kuri sisitemu ya R-ISS yavuzwe haruguru.

Ariko ibuka ko iyi mibare ari impuzandengo. Ntiyibanda ku myaka yawe cyangwa ubuzima bwawe muri rusange, ibyo bikaba ari ibyawe bwite. Niba ufite myeloma nyinshi, muganga wawe ashobora kuguha amakuru meza ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe.

Ese ibi bishobora kwirindwa ko bitabaho?

Oya, nta buryo bwo gukumira indwara ya myeloma nyinshi muri iki gihe. Abashakashatsi barimo kugerageza gushaka uburyo bwo guhagarika icyiciro cya mbere yo kurwara kanseri cyitwa SMM (Smoldering Multiple Myeloma) kuba myeloma nyinshi ikora.

Wiyitaho ute?

Myeloma nyinshi igira ingaruka ku bantu bose mu buryo butandukanye. Urugero, abantu barwaye MGUS cyangwa SMM bashobora kudakenera kuvurwa byihuse. Ariko bazakenera kujya kwa muganga wabo buri gihe kugira ngo bagupime. Niba uri mu kigero cyo koroherwa na myeloma nyinshi, muganga wawe azagutegurira gahunda yo kwisuzumisha no gupimwa hakurikijwe uburwayi bwawe.

Niba ubana na Myeloma nyinshi, hari ibintu byinshi ushobora gukora kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuzima bwiza muri rusange:

• Kurya ibiryo bifite intungamubiri buri munsi. Indwara ya myeloma nyinshi ishobora gutera kubura ubushake bwo kurya. Gerageza kurya amafunguro ane kugeza kuri atanu ku munsi.
• Niba unywa itabi, gerageza kurireka.
• Ha umubiri wawe ikiruhuko ukeneye kandi usinzira neza.
• Irinde indwara zandura. Baza muganga wawe uburyo bwo kwirinda indwara zandura.
• Kora imyitozo ngororamubiri, ariko banza ubaze muganga wawe. Azakubwira ubwoko bw'imyitozo ngororamubiri ikubereye.
• Witondere ubuzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe. Ni ibisanzwe kumva ubabaye, uhangayitse, kandi wihebye iyo uhanganye n'ikibazo nk'iki. Ariko niba iki kibazo cyangwa impungenge bimara ibyumweru birenga bibiri, cyangwa bikabangamira imirimo yawe ya buri munsi, ganira na muganga wawe kuri ibyo.
• Niba uri mu kaga , ushobora kwishimira ko ubuvuzi burangiye. Ariko ushobora kandi guhangayikishwa n'uko kanseri izagaruka. Vugana na muganga wawe ku bijyanye n'uburwayi bwawe n'icyo wakwitega mu gihe kiri imbere.

Myeloma nyinshi ni kanseri idasanzwe mu maraso. Nubwo idashobora gukira, abaganga bashobora kuvura indwara zijyanye nayo, ibimenyetso byayo, no kugenzura ikwirakwira ry'iyi ndwara. Hari abantu babana n'iyi ndwara imyaka myinshi. Abandi barakira. Ariko, kubaho na kanseri idashira kandi ishobora kugaruka ntabwo byoroshye. Bisobanura kubaho uhabwa imiti n'ibizamini buri munsi w'ubuzima bwawe. Abaganga barasobanukiwe izi mbogamizi. Niba ukeneye ubufasha bwo kwiga kubaho na myeloma nyinshi, baza muganga wawe. Bashobora kukubwira serivisi na gahunda zingirakamaro.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane twifuza kujyana mu rugo

Sawa, rero, ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka mu byo twavuze ni ibi:

• Multiple Myeloma ni kanseri idasanzwe mu maraso igaragara mu turemangingo tw’amaraso .
• Nubwo idashobora gukira burundu, kuyivura bishobora kugenzura ibimenyetso, kongera igihe cyo kubaho, no kunoza ireme ry'ubuzima .
• Niba ufite ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu magufwa, umunaniro ukabije, cyangwa indwara zikunze kwandura , hita ubonana na muganga.
• Uko indwara ifatwa hakiri kare, niko ubuvuzi burushaho kugira icyo bugeraho.
• Mu gihe ubana n'iyi ndwara, ni ngombwa cyane kwiyitaho neza, gukurikiza inama za muganga wawe, no gukomeza kugira ubwenge buhamye .

Wihangayika, ntabwo uri wenyine. Ubumenyi bw'ubuvuzi burimo gutera imbere, kandi uburyo bushya bwo kuvura buri gihe burahari. Umuganga wawe n'itsinda ry'abaganga bahora biteguye kugufasha.

` myeloma nyinshi, uturemangingo twa plasma, kanseri y'amaraso, umwongo w'amagufwa, poroteyine ya M, ibimenyetso bya kanseri, uburyo bwo kuvura kanseri