Ese wigeze wibaza uko ibi bintu bibaho mu mubiri wawe iyo wumva wishimye, ubabaye, cyangwa se ugakora ikintu kikubabaje? Inyuma y'ibi byose hari itsinda rito ariko rikomeye cyane ry'abatuma ibintu bikomoka ku binyabutabire. Aba ni bo twita abatuma ibintu bihindura imitsi mu buvuzi. Muri make, aba ni nk'abatuma ibintu bihindura imitsi mu mubiri wacu. Batwara ubutumwa buva mu bwonko bujya mu bindi bice by'umubiri, kandi ni bo bazana ubutumwa buva mu mubiri bujya mu bwonko. Uyu munsi tugiye kuvuga kuri izi ntumwa zitangaje.
Mu by'ukuri izi neurotransmitters ni iki?
Tekereza umubiri wawe nk'umujyi munini. Ubutumwa bugomba koherezwa ahantu hamwe bujya ahandi muri uyu mujyi, si byo se? Mu buryo nk'ubwo, sisitemu yacu y'imitsi ni urusobe rw'ubutumwa bukwirakwira mu mubiri wose. Uturemangingo tw'imitsi muri uru rusobe tuvugana, twoherezanya ubutumwa, binyuze mu binyabutabire byitwa neurotransmitters.
Mu magambo make, neurotransmitter ni ubutumwa bw’ibinyabutabire bujyana ubutumwa buva mu turemangingo tw’imitsi tujya mu tundi, cyangwa buva mu turemangingo tw’imitsi bujya mu turemangingo tw’imitsi.
Izi ntumwa nto ni ingenzi mu kugenzura ibintu byose kuva ku bintu bidakozwe ku bushake nko guhumeka no gutera k'umutima , kugeza ku bintu utekereza, amarangamutima wumva, kwibuka kwawe, ndetse n'uburyo ugenda wimura ingingo zawe.
Tudafite ibyo, umubiri wacu umeze nk'umujyi utagira serivisi ya telefoni. Nta guhuza ibikorwa.
Izi ntumwa zibikwa mu dusako duto ku mpera y'akaremangingo k'imitsi, kitwa axon terminal . Utwo dusako twitwa synaptic vesicles . Buri gasakoshi gashobora kubamo ibihumbi by'izo ntumwa.
Ni izihe ntumwa z'ingenzi mu mubiri wacu?
Abahanga mu bya siyansi ubu bamaze kubona ubwoko burenga 60 bw'imiti itera indwara mu bwonko. Dukunze kuvuga kuri bumwe muri bwo. Buri bumwe bufite umurimo wihariye. Bumwe bukorana, ubundi bukorana. Reka turebe bimwe mu by'ingenzi cyane.
| Utumashini twohereza ubwonko | Imikorere y'ingenzi | Bite ho uramutse utakaje uburimbane? |
|---|---|---|
| Asetilikolini (Asetilikolini - Ach) | Bifasha mu gukora imitsi yacu. Ni byo bishyira ibitekerezo byacu mu bikorwa. Ni ingenzi kandi mu kwibuka no kwiga. | Byagaragaye ko abarwayi ba Alzheimer bafite urugero ruto rw'ibi bintu, ibyo bikaba byatera ikibazo cyo kwibuka nabi. |
| Dopamine (Dopamine - DA) | Nanone yitwa "chemical of happiness." Ikorwa iyo turiye ibiryo biryoshye cyangwa dukora ikintu kidushimisha. Ni cyo kitushishikariza gukora ikintu runaka. | Igipimo cya dopamine kigabanuka mu ndwara ya Parkinson, kandi ubusumbane bushobora kugaragara muri zimwe mu ndwara zo mu mutwe. |
| Serotonin (5HT) | Nanone yitwa "imiti ituza." Igenzura ibyiyumvo byacu, ibitotsi byacu, n'ubushake bwacu bwo kurya. | Urugero ruri hasi rushobora kujyana n'indwara nk'ihungabana no guhangayika. |
| Norepinephrine | Ikora kandi nk'imisemburo. Ifasha gusubiza mu gihe cy'imihangayiko no kuguma uri maso. Ni ingenzi mu gusubiza "Kurwana cyangwa Guhunga". | Bifitanye isano n'indwara nk'imihangayiko no guhangayika. Bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso. |
| Aside ya Gamma-Aminobutyric (GABA) | Icyo ikora cyane cyane ni ukugenzura no gutuza imikorere y'ubwonko, nk'uko feri zifata imodoka. | Kugabanuka k'imikorere y'umubiri bishobora gutera indwara nko guhangayika, kudasinzira neza, no gucika intege. |
| Glutamate (Glutamate - Glu) | Ni yo ntumwa y'ingenzi y'ubwonko "itera imbaraga". Ikoresha uturemangingo tw'imitsi. Ni ingenzi mu kwibuka no kwiga. | Iyo ibi byiyongera cyane, bishobora kwangiza uturemangingo tw’imitsi. Ibi bibaho mu bihe nk’indwara yo gucika kw’imitsi. |
Ese hari izindi ntumwa z'ingenzi?
Yego, hari n'ibindi byinshi. Kimwe na Oxytocin na Vasopressin, bifitanye isano n'ibyiyumvo by'urukundo no kwishyira hamwe. Kandi imisemburo nka Estrogen na Testosterone rimwe na rimwe ikora nk'imiti itera imitsi.
Izi ntumwa zakora zite?
Aba bantu bashobora kugabanywamo amatsinda atatu y'ingenzi hakurikijwe inshingano zabo.
- Ibitera imbaraga: Nk'uko izina ribigaragaza, ibi bitera imbaraga uturemangingo tw'imitsi tukabibwira ngo "Sawa, ohereza ubutumwa imbere!" Nk'icyuma gitera imbaraga mu modoka. Glutamate ni urugero rwiza.
- Ibibuza: Ibi bikora ibinyuranye n'ibyo. Bibuza ubutumwa gukomeza. Ni nko gukubita feri ukavuga uti "Sawa, hagarara noneho!" GABA ni we muntu ukomeye utuma ubutumwa bubuza.
- Ihindagurika ry'imiterere y'umubiri: Ibi biragoye cyane. Bigira ingaruka ku turemangingo tw'imitsi icyarimwe. Kimwe n'umuyobozi, bishobora guhindura imiterere y'itumanaho ry'itsinda ryose. Dopamine na Serotonin biri muri iki cyiciro.
Ese hari amakosa ashobora kubaho muri iyi sisitemu?
Birashoboka rwose. Hari impamvu nyinshi zishobora gutuma iyi gahunda yoroheje idakora neza .
- Gukora cyangwa kurekura cyane kwa neurotransmitters zimwe na zimwe.
- Zimwe zikorwa cyangwa zigasohorwa mu bwinshi buke ugereranyije n'ibisabwa .
- Utwuma tw’ingirabuzimafatizo twakira ubutumwa ntabwo dukora neza.
- Nyuma yo koherezwa ubutumwa, buhita busubizwamo (gusubiramo) . Hanyuma ubutumwa ntibuba bufite umwanya wo kuburangiza neza.
- Imikorere y'ibi ishobora no guhinduka bitewe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe n'imiti dufata.
Ubusumbane nk'ubwo bushobora gutera indwara zitandukanye. Urugero,
Mu ndwara ya Alzheimer, urugero ruto rwa acetylcholine rugira ingaruka ku kwibuka. Mu gihe cyo kwiheba, urugero ruto rwa serotonin rugaragara. Mu ndwara ya Parkinson, uturemangingo dukora dopamine turangirika.
Kubwibyo, niba ufite ihindagurika ry’amarangamutima, ibibazo byo kwibuka, ibibazo byo gusinzira, cyangwa ibindi bimenyetso bidasanzwe, ni ngombwa kubivugana na muganga wawe . Ashobora gusuzuma icyateye ibi bibazo no kukwohereza kugira ngo uvurwe neza, nibiba ngombwa.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Utumashini twohereza amakuru mu bwonko ni ingenzi mu gutuma ubwonko bwacu bukora neza ndetse no mu bwonko.
- Amarangamutima yacu, ibitekerezo byacu, ingendo zacu, ibitotsi byacu, n'umutima wacu byose bigengwa n'uburyo ibi bingana.
- Intumwa zitandukanye, nka dopamine (ibyishimo) na serotonin (ituze), zihariye mu mirimo itandukanye.
- Guhungabana kw'uburinganire bw'izi ntumwa bishobora guterwa n'ibibazo bitandukanye by'ubuzima, nko kwiheba n'indwara ya Parkinson.
- Niba ufite impungenge ku buzima bwawe bwo mu mutwe cyangwa ku mubiri, ni ngombwa cyane kubibwira muganga. Irinde kwisuzuma no kwivuza.
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