Ese umwana wawe ari kwiyandarika? Ntiyitaye ku byo atekereza? Reka tuvuge kuri ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)!

Ese iyo urimo uganira n'umwana wawe, hari igihe wibaza uti 'Kuki ari mubi cyane? Kuki ataguma ahantu hamwe? Kuki unyumvira?' Ni ibisanzwe gutekereza gutyo. Ariko niba ibi bintu bibaho igihe cyose, kandi niba bigira ingaruka ku kazi k'ishuri k'umwana wawe, ku mukoro we, cyangwa ku mibanire ye n'inshuti ze, bishobora kuba indwara yitwa ADHD. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye kandi bwumvikana.

Indwara yo kudakora neza (ADHD) ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ADHD ni incamake y'indwara yo kudashaka kwita ku bandi . Iyi ni indwara. Mu by'ukuri, umwana ufite ADHD afite itandukaniro mu bwonko bwe n'imikorere y'ubwonko bwe. Iri tandukaniro rituma bigorana ko yumva neza, aguma ahantu hamwe, kandi akifata neza. Iyi ndwara ishobora gutuma agira ibibazo mu kazi ko ku ishuri, mu rugo, ndetse no mu gihe aganira n'inshuti ze. Tekereza ingorane zishobora guterwa n'iyo adashobora kumva mu ishuri, atumva ibivugwa mu rugo, cyangwa arwana n'inshuti ze mu gihe adategereje igihe cye cyo gukina.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'umwana urwaye ADHD?

Mu by’ukuri, buri mwana rimwe na rimwe atakaza ubushobozi bwo gutekereza, ntiyumve ibyo avuga, arwana no kuguma ahantu hamwe, arwana no gutegereza igihe cye. Ibi ni ibintu bisanzwe. Birashoboka ko ibi byakubayeho ukiri umwana, sibyo? Ariko ku mwana ufite ADHD, izi ngorane zirakomeye cyane, kandi ziba kenshi.

Abana n'ingimbi bafite ADHD bashobora kugaragaza ibimenyetso bitatu by'ingenzi:

1. Kutita ku bintu - kurangazwa byoroshye

Biragoye cyane kuri aba bana kwibanda ku kintu kimwe. Ubwenge bwabo buragenda vuba. Urugero, tekereza umwarimu arimo kwigisha isomo kandi areba ikinyugunyugu anyuze mu idirishya.

• Biragoye kumva amabwiriza neza. Niba uvuze uti "Mwana wanjye, shyira ibikinisho ku ruhande uzane igitabo," ushobora kwibuka kimwe gusa.
• Amakuru y'ingenzi ashobora kubura.
• Ushobora gusubika akazi watangiye utarangije. Ni nko gutangira gushushanya ugahagarara hagati.
• Hari igihe bishobora kugaragara nk'aho uri kurota ku manywa, cyangwa se nk'aho uri gukora cyane.
• Bashobora kuba bibagiwe gato kandi akenshi bashobora gutakaza ibintu nk'amakaramu, udupira, n'ibitabo.

2. Gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi - kudashobora kuguma ahantu hamwe

Aba bana bahora bagendagenda, biragoye cyane kuguma ahantu hamwe, kandi bahita barambirwa. Ni nk'aho bafite amapine ku maguru yabo.

• Biragoye kwicara ahantu hamwe ucecetse (nk'aho uri mu rusengero cyangwa mu ishuri).
• Mu gihe ukora akazi, ushobora kwihutira kugakora no gukora amakosa.
• Bashobora kuzamuka, gusimbuka, no kwizunguza cyane (nk'uko bimeze ku ntebe no ku meza).
• Ntabwo ari umugambi, ariko imyitwarire yabo ishobora kubangamira abandi.Urugero, nko gusetsa abandi bana mu ishuri.

3. Guhubuka - ingeso yo gukora udatekereje

Aba bana bakora ibintu bahubutse, batabanje gutekereza. Nk'imodoka "idafite feri."

• Bahita binjira mu gihe abandi barimo kuvuga.
• Abandi bashobora gusunika no gukurura. Biragoye cyane gutegereza igihe cyawe.
• Bashobora gukora ibintu nta ruhushya, bagatwara ibintu by'abandi, kandi bakitwara mu buryo buteje akaga (nk'ugusimbuka baturutse ahantu hirengeye, bakiruka mu muhanda mu buryo butunguranye).
• Hari igihe ushobora kugira amarangamutima adakwiye muri icyo gihe, nko kurakara cyane bitewe n'utuntu duto cyangwa kurira cyane.

Hari igihe ababyeyi n'abarimu babona ibi bimenyetso bya ADHD ku mwana akiri muto cyane. Ariko ibuka ko ari ibisanzwe ko abana bato barangazwa byoroshye, batagira aho bahagarara, bananirwa kwihangana, kandi bagakora ibintu bahubutse. Ibi byose ntibivuze ko umwana afite ADHD.

Ubu buhanga bwo kwita ku bandi, gukora ibintu bitandukanye, no kwifata bigenda bikura buhoro buhoro uko abana bakura. Abana biga ibi bintu babifashijwemo n'ababyeyi n'abarimu. Ariko kuri bamwe, kwita ku bandi, gutuza, gutega amatwi no kwihangana ntibitera imbere cyane. Iyo ibi bibazo bikomeje, kandi bigatera ibibazo ku ishuri, mu rugo no mu mibanire n'inshuti, bishobora kuba ari ADHD.

Ni izihe mpamvu zitera ADHD?

Ntibiramenyekana neza uburyo ubwo budasa bw'ubwonko butera ADHD bubaho. Ariko, hari ibimenyetso bikomeye bigaragaza ko ADHD ahanini ikwirakwizwa. Ibi bivuze ko abana benshi bafite ADHD bafite umubyeyi cyangwa mwene wabo wa hafi nawe ufite iyo ndwara.

Nanone, hari n'ibindi bintu bishobora kuba birimo:

• Niba umwana yaravutse mbere y'igihe .
• Niba wahuye n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe by'uburozi mu bidukikije igihe wari utwite cyangwa ukiri umwana.
• Niba umubyeyi yarakoresheje ibiyobyabwenge mu gihe yari atwite.

Igikuru ni uko ADHD idaterwa no kumara igihe kinini umuntu areba kuri televiziyo, amakosa y'ababyeyi, cyangwa kurya isukari nyinshi. Ibi bitekerezo bitari byo bishobora kubaho muri sosiyete, ariko ntibigaragazwa n'abaganga. Rero ntukigire icyaha.

Wamenya ute neza ko ufite ADHD?

Niba utekereza ko umwana wawe afite ADHD, ikintu cya mbere ugomba gukora ni ukumujyana kwa muganga w'abana cyangwa undi muganga wujuje ibisabwa. Ntugatinye, iyi ni intambwe ya mbere gusa.

Muganga azasuzuma umwana, amupime amaso n'amatwi, kandi arebe neza ko nta yindi mpamvu itera ibi bimenyetso. Hari igihe umwana ashobora kutita ku masomo ye kuko atabona cyangwa ngo ayumve.

Kugira ngo bamenye ADHD, abaganga bazabanza kukubaza ibijyanye n'ubuzima bw'umwana wawe, imyitwarire ye, n'ibikorwa bye. Bazaganira n'ababyeyi n'umwana bababaza ibyo babonye. Muganga ashobora kuguha urutonde rw'ibyo ugomba kuzuza ku myitwarire y'umwana wawe, cyangwa bagasaba umwarimu w'umwana kuzuza urutonde nk'urwo.

Nyuma yo gukusanya aya makuru yose, abaganga bazasuzuma ADHD gusa iyo ibi bikurikira bisobanutse neza:

• Niba umwana ashobora kwita ku bintu, gukora cyane, cyangwa gukora ibintu mu buryo butunguranye biri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'imyaka ye.
• Niba umwana yagize iyi myitwarire kuva akiri umwana (ubusanzwe itangira mbere y'imyaka 12).
• Niba iyi myitwarire igira ingaruka ku masomo y'umwana, imikoro ye, n'imibanire ye n'abandi (nibura mu bihe bibiri, urugero: mu rugo no ku ishuri).
• Iyo isuzuma rya muganga ryemeza ko impamvu y'ibi bibazo atari ikindi kibazo cy'ubuzima (urugero: ikibazo cya tiroyide), ubumuga bwo kwiga, cyangwa ikibazo cyo mu mutwe.

Abana benshi bafite ADHD bafite n'izindi ndwara, nko kugira ibibazo byo kwiga , imyitwarire yo kutavuga rumwe n'abandi no gusuzugura , cyangwa ibibazo by'amarangamutima n'imihangayiko . Ubusanzwe abaganga bavura izi ndwara icyarimwe iyo bavura ADHD.

Iyo bibaye ngombwa, muganga ashobora kukwohereza kwa muganga w’imitekerereze y’abana cyangwa iy’indwara zo mu mutwe .

ADHD ivurwa ite?

Hari uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura ADHD. Ubu busanzwe bukoreshwa hamwe. Uburyo bumwe bwo kuvura ntibukora kuri buri wese, kandi bushobora gutandukana bitewe n'umwana.

• Imiti: Iyi miti ifasha ubwonko kwita ku kintu runaka, kugabanya umuvuduko, no kunoza ukwifata. Iyi miti igomba gufatwa gusa nk'uko muganga yabitegetse, ku gipimo gikwiye kandi mu gihe gikwiye.
• Ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire: Abavuzi bafasha abana bafite ADHD kugira ubumenyi mu mibanire n'abandi, mu byiyumvo no mu igenamigambi rimwe na rimwe bukererwa. Urugero, ibintu nko kugenzura uburakari, kuvugana neza n'abandi, no gukomeza gushyira ibintu ku murongo.
• Ubujyanama ku babyeyi:Aya mahugurwa ashobora gufasha ababyeyi kumenya uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n'ibibazo by'imyitwarire biza bitewe na ADHD (urugero, iyo umwana arakaye cyangwa atumva ibyo uvuga). Ibi ni ingenzi cyane.
• Inkunga ku ishuri: Abarimu bashobora gufasha abana bafite ADHD gukora neza ku ishuri no kugira ubuzima bwiza ku ishuri. Ibi bishobora kuba birimo kureka umwana akicara imbere mu ishuri cyangwa kumuha umwanya w'inyongera wo gukora.

Iyo ubuvuzi bukwiye butuma ADHD irushaho kuba nziza. Ababyeyi n'abarimu bashobora gufasha abana bato kwiga kugenzura uburyo bita ku bandi, imyitwarire yabo n'amarangamutima yabo. Uko bagenda bakura, abana bagomba kwiga kwiyitaho no kwifata.

Iyo ADHD itavuwe, bishobora kugora abana gutsinda. Ibi bishobora gutuma bumva ko nta gaciro bafite, kwiheba, imyitwarire yo kudakunda abandi, gutsindwa mu ishuri, imyitwarire yo kwishyira mu kaga, cyangwa amakimbirane mu muryango .

Ababyeyi bashobora kubafasha bate?

Iyo usanze umwana wawe afite ADHD, hari byinshi ushobora gukora. Uri imbaraga zikomeye z'umwana wawe.

• Gira uruhare rugaragara: Menya byinshi uko ushoboye kose kuri ADHD. Kurikiza uburyo muganga w'umwana wawe agusaba. Jya mu masura yose y'ubuvuzi yasabwe.
• Tanga imiti mu buryo butekanye: Niba umwana wawe afata imiti ya ADHD, tanga imiti ku gihe gikwiye kandi mu rugero rukwiye. Ntuzigere uhagarika imiti cyangwa ngo uhindure urugero nta bujyanama bwa muganga. Buri gihe shyira umuti ahantu hatekanye kure y'abana.
• Korana n'ishuri ry'umwana wawe: Vugana n'abarimu kugira ngo urebe niba umwana wawe akeneye gahunda zihariye z'uburezi cyangwa inkunga iturutse ku ishuri. Hari ibihugu bifite gahunda zidasanzwe nka IEP (Gahunda y'Uburezi bw'Umuntu ku giti cye) cyangwa gahunda ya 504. Muri Sri Lanka, ganira n'ishuri ku bufasha budasanzwe umwana wawe ashobora kubona (urugero, kwitabwaho cyane mu ishuri, igihe cy'inyongera cyo gukora ibizamini). Hurira n'abarimu buri gihe kugira ngo umenye uko umwana wawe yifashe mu ishuri. Korana kugira ngo ufashe umwana wawe gukora neza.
• Umubyeyi ufite intego n'ubushyuhe: Menya uburyo bwo kurera umwana ufite ADHD bwiza, n'icyatuma ADHD irushaho kuba mbi. Ganira n'umwana wawe ibijyanye na ADHD mu buryo bweruye kandi bumushyigikira. Ibande ku mbaraga z'umwana wawe n'imico ye myiza . Shima kandi umutere inkunga mu myitwarire myiza aho kumuhana.
• Huza n'abandi kugira ngo ubafashe kandi ubamenyeshe: Shaka amakuru agezweho ku bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, n'ibindi bisobanuro, usangize ubunararibonyeReba imbuga za interineti z'amatsinda mpuzamahanga y'ubufasha nka CHADD (Abana n'Abakuze bafite ikibazo cyo kudashishikazwa no kwita ku bandi/indwara yo kwiheba) . Cyangwa ushake amatsinda nk'ayo y'ababyeyi muri Sri Lanka. Ni imbaraga zikomeye kandi kumenya ko utari wenyine.

ADHD ikunze kumera neza iyo abana bavuwe, barya indyo yuzuye, baryama bihagije kandi bagakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kandi bafite ababyeyi babashyigikira bazi uko bakwitwara muri ADHD. Ukwihangana n'urukundo ni ingenzi cyane.

Amaherezo, ibintu byo kwibuka...

Yego, ADHD iragoye gato. Ariko ntugahangayike. Si wowe cyangwa umwana wawe ba nyirayo. ADHD ni indwara ibaho iyo ubwonko buhinduye imikorere. Icy'ingenzi ni uko ishobora gufashwa no kuvurwa.

Niba ukeka ko umwana wawe afite ibimenyetso bya ADHD, menya neza ko wagisha inama kwa muganga. Kumumenya hakiri kare no kumuvura neza bishobora gufasha umwana wawe kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. Wibuke ko buri mwana ari umwihariko kandi afite ubushobozi butandukanye. Abana bafite ADHD nabo bafite impano zabo zihariye. Ni ngombwa gushaka ibyo bintu no kubishyigikira. Nimubone imbaraga muri uru rugendo!

ADHD , ADHD mu bana, ikibazo cyo kudakora neza kw'ibitekerezo, ubushake bwo gukora ibintu bukabije, kuvura ADHD, ibimenyetso bya ADHD, indwara yo kudakora neza kw'ibitekerezo