Reka twige ku bijyanye na COVID-19 no gupima ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri mu buryo bworoshye.

Uribuka igihe icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyatangiriye? Buri wese yavugaga kuri iyi virusi n'uburyo bwo kuyirinda. Rero, kimwe mu bibazo abantu benshi bibazaga ni iki: 'Sinzi niba nararwaye nkakira, cyangwa niba narahawe urukingo kandi umubiri wanjye ukaba urinzwe?' Gupima abarwayi banduye ni ikintu gifasha gusubiza ibibazo nk'ibyo. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye uyu munsi, sibyo?

None se izi antibodies ni iki?

Mu magambo make, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri ni nk'abarinzi b'umubiri. Mu by'ukuri, ni ubwoko bwihariye bwa poroteyine ikorwa n'ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri . Hari igihe abaganga bayita 'immunoglobulins' , izina rya siyansi.

Tekereza umujura aramutse aje iwawe, wagira umurinzi wamenya umujura akamwirukana. Uko ni ko izi antibodies bikora. Iyo umugera, ni ukuvuga bagiteri cyangwa virusi, winjiye mu mubiri wacu, izi antibodies 'zimenya' uwo mugera. Zirawumenya kandi zikawurwanya, kandi zigafasha mu gusenya uwo mugera, cyangwa byibuze kuwukura mu mubiri wacu.

Izi antibodies zikunze kugaragara mu mibiri yacu haba nyuma yuko turwaye hanyuma tugakira, cyangwa nyuma yuko dukingiwe iyo ndwara. Igice cyiza ni uko iyo izi antibodies zimaze gukorwa, zimwe muri zo ziguma mu mibiri yacu igihe gito. Uzi impamvu? Iyo umugera umwe ugerageje kongera kwinjira mu mibiri yacu, izi antibodies zihita zibimenya kandi zikabirwanya vuba kurusha mbere, ziturinda. Ni nk'umusirikare watsinze intambara kandi akaba yiteguye igihe umwanzi azaza.

None se, iki kizamini cy’umubiri w’umuntu ni iki?

Ibi biroroshye cyane. Ikizamini cya antibody ni ikizamini cyo kureba niba ufite utwo tunyangingo twavuze mbere mu maraso yawe, kandi niba ari byo, ni bangahe. Nk'uko polisi ishaka ibimenyetso byo gufata umujura, abaganga bafata amaraso yawe make bagashaka "abasirikare" bakozwe kugira ngo barwanye izo mikorobe.

Kuki hakorwa ibizamini by’umubiri urwanya COVID-19?

Ubu ushobora kuba wibaza impamvu ibi bizamini by’uturemangingo tw’umubiri birimo gukorwa kugira ngo umenye COVID-19. Hari impamvu nyinshi.

• Menya niba warigeze kurwara iyi ndwara mbere: Hari abantu barwara COVID-19 ariko ntibagaragaze ibimenyetso bikomeye. Cyangwa se bakaba bafite ibicurane bike gusa. Bityo ntibazi niba barayirwaye cyangwa batarayirwaye. Muri ibyo bihe, iki kizamini gishobora gusuzuma niba umubiri wawe ufite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya virusi ya COVID-19. Niba ufite ubudahangarwa nk’ubwo, bivuze ko wigeze kwandura COVID-19 mbere.

• Reba uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buhagaze nyuma yo gukingirwa:Twahawe urukingo rwa COVID-19 kugira ngo turinde umubiri, ni ukuvuga gukora ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri. Rero niba ukoze ikizamini nk'iki nyuma y'iminsi mike uhawe urukingo, ushobora kumenya niba umubiri wawe warakoze ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bukwiye, n'ingano yabwo. Ariko ibuka ko atari ingano y'udusimba gusa igena ubudahangarwa bwacu . Tuzabivugaho nyuma.

• Ku bushakashatsi no ku buzima rusange : Iyo ukoze ibizamini nk'ibi mu baturage benshi, ushobora kumenya amakuru menshi y'ingirakamaro, nko kumenya umubare w'abantu banduye iyi ndwara, uburyo urukingo rukora neza, n'uburyo ikwirakwira ryayo. Aya makuru akoreshwa mu gufata ibyemezo ku buryo bwo kurwanya icyorezo nk'igihugu.

• Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe byihariye: Urugero, uturemangingo tw’amaraso y’abantu bakize COVID-19 (twitwa 'convalescent plasma' ) dushobora gufatwa tugahabwa abantu barembye cyane nk'ubuvuzi. Ibi bizamini by’uturemangingo bishobora no gufasha kumenya niba bikwiye guhabwa uturemangingo tw’amaraso n’umuntu nk’uwo.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'abasirikari b'umubiri bafitanye isano na COVID-19?

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'abashinzwe kurwanya indwara mu mibiri yacu. Iyo tuvuze kuri COVID-19 , twibanda cyane cyane ku bwoko bubiri bw'abashinzwe kurwanya indwara.

1. Antibodies za IgM: Izi ni zo antibodies za mbere zikorwa iyo mikorobe yinjiye mu mubiri. Zimeze nk'ingabo za mbere zageze mu ntangiriro y'intambara. Zigaragaza ko habayeho ubwandu buherutse. Ariko, izi antibodies za IgM zikunze kubura mu mubiri nyuma y'igihe runaka.

2. Antibodies za IgG: Izi bifata igihe kugira ngo ziboneke, kandi akenshi zigaragara nyuma y'iminsi mike antibodies za IgM zimaze kubaho. Ariko izi antibodies za IgG ni zo zitanga uburinzi burambye . Kimwe n'abasirikare b'inararibonye kandi b'abahanga, izi ni zo ziguma mu mubiri igihe kirekire, ziteguye kurwanya virusi nigaruka. Izi antibodies za IgG zikunze kurebwa kugira ngo harebwe niba dufite uburinzi bw'igihe kirekire nyuma ya COVID-19 cyangwa nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo.

Iki kizamini cy’umubiri gikorwa gite?

Biroroshye cyane. Iyo ugiye kwa muganga, nibafata icyemezo cy'uko ukeneye iki kizamini, bazagufata amaraso make mu mitsi iri mu kuboko kwawe . Ntabwo bibabaza, kimwe no gutanga amaraso kugira ngo upimwe amaraso buri gihe. Hanyuma icyo kizamini cy'amaraso cyoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo gipimwe. Hari igihe habaho ibikoresho byihuse byo gupima bikuramo igitonyanga gito cy'amaraso mu rutoki rwawe, ariko bishobora kuba bitari byo nk'ibizamini byo muri laboratwari.

Ni gute wasobanukirwa ibyavuye muri raporo y'ibizamini?

Iyo ibisubizo by'ikizamini cy'umubiri wawe bigarutse, bizavuga ngo 'Positive' cyangwa 'Negative'.

• Ibisubizo byiza: Ibi bivuze ko abasirikare b'umubiri banduye virusi ya COVID-19 babonetse mu maraso yawe. Ibi bivuze ko,
• Ushobora kuba warigeze kugira COVID-19 mbere (ufite ibimenyetso cyangwa udafite).
• Ushobora kuba warahawe urukingo rwa COVID-19 kandi umubiri wawe ushobora kuba warabonye ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri burwanya.

• Igisubizo kibi: Ibi bivuze ko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwa virusi ya COVID-19 butabonetse mu maraso yawe. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'impamvu nyinshi:
• Ushobora kuba utarigera ugira COVID-19.
• Ushobora kuba utarakingirwa, cyangwa se ukaba utarakingiwe igihe gihagije kuva wahabwa urukingo kugira ngo ugire ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri (ubusanzwe bifata ibyumweru bike).
• Niba hashize igihe kirekire utarwaye cyangwa ukingiwe, urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe rushobora kugabanuka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Ni gake cyane, hari abantu bashobora kugira abasirikari b’umubiri, ariko urugero rw’umubiri rushobora kuba ruri hasi cyane ku buryo rudashobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibizamini.

Ikintu cy'ingenzi: Ni byiza kuganira na muganga wawe ku bisubizo by'ikizamini cya antibody. Ashobora kubigusobanurira mu buryo bujyanye n'imimerere yawe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ugomba kwibuka ku bijyanye no gupima abarwayi ba antibody

Nubwo ibizamini by’umubiri wa COVID-19 ari ingirakamaro cyane, hari ibintu bike ugomba kumenya kuri byo.

• Kugira antibody si uburinzi 100%: Kugira antibody mu mubiri wawe ntibivuze ko utazongera kwandura COVID-19 ukundi. Antibody ni kimwe mu bigize ubudahangarwa bwacu bw'umubiri . Byongeye kandi, hari n'ibindi bintu byinshi, nka ' T- cells', bigira uruhare mu kurinda kwacu. Kubwibyo, nubwo waba ufite antibody, ushobora kongera kurwara, ariko iyo urwaye, indwara ishobora kugabanuka cyane.

• Uruhare rw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri ruhinduka uko igihe kigenda: Ingano y'uturemangingo umubiri wacu ukora si ko buri gihe iba imwe. Uruhare rwatwo rushobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro uko igihe kigenda gihita. Rero, nubwo urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri wawe rwaba ruri hejuru muri iki gihe, rushobora kugabanuka mu mezi make.

• Iki si ikizamini cyo kureba niba ufite iyi ndwara: Aha niho abantu benshi bakora amakosa. Ikizamini cy’uturemangingo kikubwira gusa niba warigeze kugira iyi ndwara mu bihe byashize cyangwa niba warabonye uturemangingo tw’umubiri dukomoka ku rukingo. Ntigishobora kukubwira niba waranduye COVID-19 cyangwa niba ushobora kwanduza undi muntu. Ibyo bikorwa haba hakoreshejwe ikizamini cya PCR cyangwa ikizamini cya Rapid Antigen Test .

• Ibizamini bitandukanye, ibisubizo bitandukanye:Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bw'ibizamini by'umubiri biri ku isoko. Si byose bifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyumva kimwe. Hari ibizamini bireba uturemangingo tw'umubiri dufata ibice bitandukanye bya virusi ya COVID-19. Kubwibyo, ibisubizo by'ikizamini cyakozwe na laboratwari imwe bishobora kuba bitandukanye gato n'ibyavuye mu ikizamini cyakozwe n'indi laboratwari.

• Udukingirizo tw’umubiri nyuma yo gukingirwa: Si abantu bose bagira utwo dukingirizo mu buryo bumwe nyuma yo guhabwa urukingo rwa COVID-19. Bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’ibintu nk’imyaka, niba hari izindi ndwara , ndetse n’ubwoko bw’urukingo rwakiriwe.

Bityo rero, ntidukwiye kureka gukurikiza amabwiriza y’ubuzima dukurikiza kugira ngo twirinde COVID-19 (kwambara udupfukamunwa, gukaraba intoki, gukomeza kwitandukanya n’abandi) hashingiwe gusa ku bisubizo by’ikizamini cy’umubiri. Ni ngombwa cyane gukomeza iyo myitozo.

None se, ni ibihe bintu tugomba kwibuka muri ibi byose? (Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo)

Twavuze byinshi ku bijyanye no gupima ubudahangarwa bwa COVID-19. Dore ibintu byoroshye ugomba kuzirikana:

• Antibodies ni poroteyine zidasanzwe zikorwa n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri zirwanya mikorobe mu mubiri wacu.
• Ikizamini cy’umubiri urwanya COVID-19 gisuzuma niba amaraso yawe afite ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri burwanya virusi.
• Ibi bizagufasha kumenya niba wigeze kugira iyi ndwara cyangwa niba warabonye ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buturutse mu rukingo .
• Ibisubizo byiza bivuze ko hari abasilikare b’umubiri. Ibisubizo bibi bivuze ko abasilikare b’umubiri batashoboraga kuboneka.
• Ariko, iki kizamini ntikigamije kumenya ubwandu busanzwe . Ibyo bikorwa hakoreshejwe PCR cyangwa Antigen Test.
• Nubwo waba ufite antibody, ntugatekereze ko urinzwe 100% . Ni ngombwa gukomeza gukurikiza gahunda nziza z'ubuzima.
• Urugero rw'uturemangingo tw'umubiri rushobora guhinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita.
• Niba ufite gushidikanya ku bisubizo by'ibizamini byawe, menya neza ko wavuganye na muganga wawe .

Ndizera ko aya makuru azagufasha. Kubera ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 kitararangira, ni ngombwa ko twese tuba maso. Niba ufite impungenge, ntutindiganye gushaka inama kwa muganga.

Gupima Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri , COVID-19, Covid-19, Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, Virusi