Ese wigeze ubona umuntu yiruka mu bitaro afite ubwoba bwinshi, akeneye amaraso cyane? Wenda byarabaye ku nshuti yawe cyangwa umuvandimwe wawe. Hari igihe nk'ibi twumva neza akamaro ko gutanga amaraso. Gutanga amaraso ni cyo kintu gikomeye ushobora gukora kugira ngo urokore ubuzima bw'umuntu, nta kiguzi, ukoresheje imbaraga nke. Niba rero urimo utekereza gutanga amaraso, ushobora kubona ibisubizo by'ibibazo byawe byose kuri yo muri iyi nkuru. Reka tubiganireho mu buryo bworoshye.
Ni izihe nyungu zo gutanga amaraso?
Hari inyungu ebyiri z'ingenzi zo gutanga amaraso. Imwe ni impano y'ubuzima ku muntu ukeneye amaraso. Indi ni inyungu z'ubuzima n'imitekerereze kuri wewe nk'umutanga amaraso.
Ibyiza ku bandi
Tekereza umubare w'ubuzima ushobora kurokora ukoresheje agafuka kamwe gusa k'amaraso utanze.
- Ku bantu bahuye n'impanuka: Amaraso yawe ashobora kurokora ubuzima bw'umuntu watakaje amaraso menshi mu mpanuka ikomeye kandi ari mu kaga.
- Ku babazwe cyane: Kubagwa bikomeye nko kubagwa umutima no kubagwa bypass bisaba amaraso menshi.
- Ku babyeyi batwite: Bishobora kurokora ubuzima bw'umubyeyi uva amaraso menshi bitewe n'ingorane mu gihe cyo kubyara.
- Ku barwayi ba kanseri: Uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo kuvura kanseri bugabanya ubushobozi bw'umubiri bwo gukora amaraso. Bashobora gukenera guterwa amaraso buri gihe.
- Ku bantu bafite indwara z'amaraso nka Thalassemia: Abantu bafite izi ndwara bagomba gukomeza guterwa amaraso kugira ngo bakomeze kubaho.
Ibyiza byo gutanga amaraso
- Kugabanya urugero rw'ubutare mu mubiri: Kugira ubutare bwinshi kuruta uko bikenewe mu mubiri na byo si byiza. Kubera ko ubutare bukurwa mu mubiri hamwe n'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso iyo umuntu atanga amaraso, ibi bifasha kuringaniza urugero rw'ubutare mu mubiri.
- Iterambere rya cholesterol na triglyceride: Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwagaragaje ko abantu batanga amaraso kenshi baba bafite urugero ruto rwa cholesterol mbi (LDL cholesterol) na triglycerides.
- Ibyishimo byo mu mutwe no kwishima: Kumva urokoye ubuzima bw'umuntu utazi nta kindi witeze ku mushahara nta gaciro bifite. Ibyishimo byo mu mutwe bituruka kuri bwo ni byinshi cyane.
Ni ibihe byangombwa byo gutanga amaraso?
Si buri wese ushobora gutanga amaraso. Ugomba kuba wujuje ibisabwa. Ibi ni ukugira ngo ubone umutekano wawe, uwayatanze, n'umurwayi wakiriye amaraso.
| Ubushobozi bwo guhagararira | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Imyaka | Agomba kuba afite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 60. |
| Uburemere | Igomba gupima nibura ibiro 50 (50 kg). |
| Imiterere y'ubuzima | Ugomba kuba ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ntushobora kugira indwara nk'umuriro, ibicurane, cyangwa inkorora muri icyo gihe. |
| Gusinzira | Ugomba gusinzira neza nijoro (nibura amasaha 6) mbere yo gutanga amaraso. |
| Igihe kiri hagati yo gutanga amaraso | Niba utanze amaraso yose, ugomba gutegereza nibura amezi 4 nyuma yo kuyatanga rimwe mbere yo kongera kuyatanga. |
Uretse ibi, banki y'amaraso izakubaza n'imiti ufata, indwara zidakira ufite (urugero: diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso), kubagwa uherutse kubagwa, ndetse na tatouage ufite. Ni ngombwa cyane gusubiza ibi bibazo byose mu buryo bw'ukuri .
Ni gute gahunda yose yo gutanga amaraso ikorwa?
Igikorwa cyose kimara isaha imwe. Ariko gukurura amaraso nyayo bifata iminota 8-10 gusa. Ibi bishobora kugabanywamo intambwe 4.
1. Kwiyandikisha
Iyo ugiye ahantu hatangirwa amaraso (muri banki y'amaraso cyangwa mu nkambi igendanwa), ugomba kubanza kwiyandikisha utanga izina ryawe, aderesi, n'ibindi. Menya neza ko uzanye indangamuntu yawe.
2. Amateka y'Ubuvuzi n'Imiterere y'umubiri
Hanyuma, umuganga cyangwa umuforomo wabyigiye azakubaza ibibazo bike ku buzima bwawe. Ibi ni ibanga rikomeye. Ntutinye rero kuvuga ukuri. Hanyuma hazasuzumwa ubushyuhe bwawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, n'imitsi y'amaraso. Hanyuma, hazakorwa ikizamini kizwi cyane cya "finger prick". Ibi bizareba niba urugero rwa hemoglobin (ubutare) mu maraso yawe ruri hejuru bihagije kugira ngo utange amaraso.
Amaraso utanga apimwa cyane mbere yuko ahabwa uwo ari we wese. Apimwa indwara zitandukanye, harimo virusi itera SIDA, hepatite B na C, na syphilis. Nta mpamvu yo guhangayikishwa n'umutekano wayo.
3. Impano
Niba wujuje ibisabwa byose, uzategekwa kuryama ku buriri bwiza. Umukozi wahuguwe azasangamo umutsi mu kuboko kwawe, asukure neza aho hantu, hanyuma ashyiremo urushinge rushya rwasizwe umuti mu mutsi. Ibi bizamera nk'aho ari ukuruma gato, nk'aho uribwa n'ikinyobwa gito. Hanyuma uzabasha kuruhuka neza mu gihe cy'iminota 8-10 mu gihe agasanduku k'amaraso kuzuye. Mililitiro 450 gusa (hafi ikiyiko 1) z'amaraso zizafatwa.
Hari igihe ushobora gutanga gusa platelets cyangwa plasma mu maraso yawe. Ibi byitwa apheresis. Iyi gahunda imara amasaha 2.
4. Kuruhuka no kunywa ibinyobwa
Amaraso amaze gukurwa, hashyirwaho agapira gato hejuru y’aho yatobowe maze uzasabwa kuruhuka iminota 10-15. Hagati aho, uzahabwa biscuit n'icyo kunywa (nk'agakarito k'amata). Ibi bizafasha umubiri wawe kugarura bimwe mu binyobwa n'ingufu byatakaye.
Ni iki wakora nyuma yo gutanga amaraso?
Nta ngaruka mbi zikomeye zibaho nyuma yo gutanga amaraso. Ariko ugomba kwitonda ku tuntu duto.
- Nywa amazi menshi: Nywa amazi menshi n'ibindi binyobwa (atari inzoga) mu masaha 24-48 nyuma yo gutanga amaraso.
- Irinde gukora akazi gakomeye: Irinde guterura ibyuma, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, cyangwa gukora imirimo ivunanye, ndetse no kuri uwo munsi.
- Niba wumva umeze nk'urwara: Niba wumva umeze utyo, icara cyangwa uryame akanya gato. Ibyo bizashira nyuma y'igihe runaka.
- Niba amaraso asohotse aho yatobowe: Fata agace gato n'ukuboko kwawe. Zamura ukuboko kwawe gato.
- Iyo ugize igisebe: Hari igihe ahantu habaye igisebe hashobora guhinduka ubururu. Iyo bibaye, shyira agapaki k'urubura aho hantu.
Nubikemura, nta kibazo uzagira. Niba ufite ikibazo, ntutinye kuvugana n'abantu bo mu kigo cy'amaraso cyangwa muganga wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Gutanga amaraso ni inzira itekanye kandi yoroshye. Ntukagire ubwoba burenze urugero.
- Igitonyanga cy'amaraso utanga gishobora kurokora ubuzima bwose bw'umuntu.
- Mbere yo gutanga amaraso, itegure unywa amazi menshi, urye ifunguro ryiza kandi usinzire bihagije.
- Buri gihe subiza ibibazo bijyanye n'ubuzima bwawe mu buryo buboneye. Ni ingenzi cyane ku mutekano wawe n'uw'umurwayi.
- Kurikiza amabwiriza yatanzwe nyuma yo gutanga amaraso neza.
- Amaherezo, kwishimira ko umuntu ahabwa amaraso ni ntagereranywa.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.