Kungofanana nemunhu asingaoni zvakanaka anogona kuona nyika zvakajeka kana akapfeka magirazi, handiti? Saizvozvowo, mishonga yeADHD inogona kubatsira vanhu vane ADHD kutarisisa pfungwa dzavo, kuvadzivisa kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvisina basa, uye kudzora maitiro avo. Mishonga iyi haigone kurapa ADHD zvachose, asi inogona kubatsira kudzora zviratidzo uye kuvabatsira kushanda zvakanaka pavanenge vachitora mushonga.
Kutanga, chii chinonzi ADHD?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) chirwere chinowanzoitika mutsinga dzeuropi. Vana vane chirwere ichi vanogona kunge vachiita zvinhu zvakawandisa, vachiratidza hunhu hwekufunga zvisina musoro, uye vachiomerwa nekuteerera, kutevedzera mirairo, uye kupedzisa mabasa.
Zviratidzo zveADHD zvinotanga muhudiki zvinowanzoenderera mberi kusvika pakukura. Dzimwe ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kusvika ku90% yezviratidzo zvehudiki zvinoramba zviripo kusvika pakukura. Dzimwe nguva, vanhu havatombozivi kuti vane ADHD kusvika vakura.
Vakuru vane ADHD vanogona kunetseka nekutevera mirairo, kurangarira ruzivo, kuramba vakatarisa, uye kuronga mabasa. Zvisinei, zviratidzo muvakuru zvinogona kutaridzika zvakasiyana zvishoma nezviratidzo muvana. Semuenzaniso, kusagadzikana mumwana kunogona kutaridzika sekusagadzikana kwakanyanya mumunhu mukuru.
Chii chinoitika chaizvo nemishonga yeADHD?
Mishonga yeADHD inoshanda zvakasiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemishonga yavanopihwa. Asi mishonga yakawanda yeADHD inoshanda nekuwedzera huwandu hwemakemikari akakosha (neurotransmitters) muuropi hwedu. Makemikoro aya anonyanya kukosha idopamine nenorepinephrine.
Sezvo mazinga aya achiwedzera, zviratidzo zveADHD zvinotanga kudzora. Izvi zvinoreva:
- Nguva yaunogona kuisa pfungwa dzako pane chimwe chinhu inowedzera.
- Kushanda zvakanyanya kunoderera.
- Maitiro asina kurongeka anodzorwa.
- Kugona kuronga nekuronga mabasa ezuva nezuva (executive dysfunction) kunovandudza.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mishonga yeADHD haishande zvakafanana kune wese munhu. Inoshanda kune mumwe munhu ingasashanda kwauri kana kumwana wako. Saka usafunge kuti mushonga wekutanga waunotanga nawo ndiwo wakakodzera. Ungasashanda, kana kuti ungave nemigumisiro inonetsa. Kana kuti kunyangwe mushonga wacho wakakodzera, dhigirii ringada kuchinjwa.
Saka, iva nechokwadi chekuudza chiremba wako nezvemishonga yese, mavhitamini, nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri zvauri kutora iwe kana mwana wako, pamwe nehuwandu hwecaffeine yaunonwa pazuva, senge kofi.Nekuti kutora mimwe mishonga pamwe chete kunogona kukanganisa muviri.
Chiremba wako anogona kuedza mishonga yakasiyana uye madosi akasiyana kusvika vawana mushonga wakakodzera iwe kana mwana wako. Munguva iyoyo, vachakutarisa uye vachagadzirisa dosi kuti vawane chiyero chakanakisa pakati pemabhenefiti emushonga uye mhedzisiro yawo. Kana mushonga wakakodzera uye dosi zvawanikwa, vanhu vazhinji vane ADHD vanokwanisa kudzora zviratidzo zvavo zvakanaka.
Ndeipi mishonga yeADHD?
ADHD inonyanya kurapwa nezvinhu zvinosimudzira muviri uye zvisingakurudziri. Dzimwe nguva mishonga yekudzora kushungurudzika inogonawo kunyorerwa.
Zvinokurudzira
Iyi ndiyo mishonga inonyanya kunyorerwa ADHD. Pasinei nezita rekuti "stimulants," mishonga iyi haiiti kuti unzwe wakangwarira. Inowedzera huwandu hwedopamine nenorepinephrine muuropi hwako. Makemikari aya akakosha pakuteerera kwako, kugona kwako kufunga, uye kukurudzira. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti vana vanosvika 80% vane ADHD vanowana kudzikira kwezviratidzo kana vawana mushonga wakakodzera uye chiyero chemishonga iyi.
Mishonga iyi inoonekwa semishonga inodzorwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti inogona kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kana kupindwa muropa. Zvisinei, yakachengeteka zvikuru kana ikatorwa pasi pekutarisirwa nachiremba. Chiremba wako asati akupa mushonga uyu, anogonawo kuita EKG kuti aongorore chero matambudziko emwoyo asina kuonekwa.
Kune mhando mbiri dzezvinosimudzira muviri:
- Kukurumidza kusunungurwa/kushanda kwenguva pfupi: Izvi zvinowanzotorwa kana zvichidikanwa. Zvinogara kwemaawa mana. Kana migumisiro yemushonga uyu yapera, vamwe vanhu vanonzwa "kuputsika" kana "kudzokera shure." Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanongoerekana varasikirwa nesimba, vanonzwa nzara, uye vamwe vanhu vanonzwa kudzikira kwemanzwiro kamwe kamwe.
- Inorerutsa kwenguva refu/inoshanda kwenguva refu: Iyi inowanzo nwiwa kamwe chete pazuva mangwanani. Mimwe inoshanda kwemaawa matanhatu kusvika masere, nepo mimwe inogona kushanda kusvika maawa gumi nematanhatu. Mishonga iyi inoderedza kukwira nekudzika kwesimba uye manzwiro mukati mezuva rose. Izvi zvinoderedzawo kudiwa kwemushonga wekuwedzera kuchikoro kana kubasa.
Zvisiri zvinokurudzira
Iyi mishonga inonyorwa nachiremba, asi haisi mishonga inodzorwa senge mishonga inosimudzira muviri. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane njodzi shoma yekupindwa muropa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka zvisina kunaka. Inonyanya kushanda nekuwedzera huwandu hwe norepinephrine muuropi.
Mishonga iyi inotora nguva yakati rebei kuti itange kushanda pane mishonga inosimudzira muviri. Unofanira kutora mushonga uyu nguva dzose kwemavhiki matatu kusvika mana kuti unzwe mhedzisiro yacho yese.Asi izvi zvinogonawo kudzora pfungwa dzako, kubatana, uye simba rako rekuita zvinhu. Zvinogona kushanda kwemaawa anosvika makumi maviri nemana.
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda nei chiremba angapa mushonga werudzi urwu:
- Kana mushonga unokurudzira usingashande.
- Kana uri kusangana nematambudziko asingatsungiririki anobva mumishonga inosimudzira muviri.
- Kana uchida kuwedzera mhedzisiro, ipa pamwe chete nemishonga inosimudzira muviri.
Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana
Iyi haisi mishonga inotenderwa kurapa ADHD. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanoinyora yoga kana pamwe chete nemishonga inosimudzira ADHD. Mishonga inorwisa kushushikana yeADHD inokanganisawo huwandu hwedopamine nenorepinephrine muuropi.
Mishonga yeADHD ine migumisiro yakaipa here?
Ehe, zvechokwadi. Migumisiro inogona kuitika paunotanga kutora mushonga. Asi izvi zvinowanzova zvenguva pfupi uye hazvisi zvakanyanya kuipa. Zvinopera mushure memavhiki mashoma muviri wako paunotanga kutevedzera mushonga wacho. Asi kashoma, zvinogona kuva zvakanyanya kana kuti zvinogara kwenguva refu.
Migumisiro yakajairika ndeiyi:
- Kushaya chido chekudya: Izvi zvinokanganisa vanhu vanosvika 80% vanotora mishonga inosimudzira muviri.
- Kuderedza huremu: Izvi zvinogona kudzorwa nekutora mushonga mushure mekudya kana nekuwedzera zvinhu zvakaita semaprotein shakes pakudya kwako.
- Kuoma kwekurara: Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira kuoma kwekurara uye kumuka nguva nenguva. Kuchinja nguva yezuva yaunotora mushonga wako kunogona kubatsira kuderedza izvi zvakanyanya.
Mimwe migumisiro:
- Kudzoka shure: Kunzwa kuneta kwenguva pfupi, kushatirwa zvakanyanya, kana kuchinja mafungiro sezvo mushonga wacho uchipera.
- Kunetseka: Kutanga kutsva kana kuwedzera kwekuzvidya mwoyo.
- Zvirwere: Kufamba-famba kamwe kamwe, kana ruzha runodzokororwa (semuenzaniso, kupenya maziso, kupenya pahuro). Mishonga yeADHD haikonzeri kubatwa-batwa, asi inogona kuonekwa zviri nani pane pasina mishonga.
- Kusagadzikana mudumbu: zvinhu zvakaita sekusvotwa nekurutsa.
- Kuchinja kweBP nekurova kwemoyo: Mimwe mishonga inogona kukonzera kuwedzera kweBP zvishoma. Kurova kwemoyo kunogonawo kuwedzera zvishoma. Izvi hazviwanzo kuva nengozi, asi kana iwe kana mwana wako muine nhoroondo yechirwere chemwoyo , munofanira kuudza chiremba wenyu.
Kana migumisiro iyi ikasapera mushure memavhiki mashoma, chiremba wako anogona kukwanisa kuigadzirisa nekuchinja dose kana nguva yemushonga wako, kukuchinja kune mushonga unoshanda kwenguva refu, kana kuedza imwe mhando yemushonga.
Ko ADHD inogona kudzorwa pasina mushonga here?
Nzira yekutanga yekurapa ADHD mishonga.Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti vana vanosvika 80% vanobudirira nemishonga. Asi pamwe unotya migumisiro yemishonga, kana kuti ungasada kutora mishonga nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero.
Kune vanhu vazhinji , kurapa maitiro inzira yakanaka. Kurapa maitiro kunosanganisira kudzidzisa nekusimbisa maitiro akanaka uye kuderedza maitiro asina kunaka asingadiwe.
- Kune vana vari pasi pemakore matanhatu ekuberekwa: Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vabereki vadzidziswe maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro. Kuburikidza neizvi, vabereki vanogona kudzidza nzira nemaitiro ekubatsira mwana wavo.
- Mushure memakore matanhatu: Kurapa kwemaitiro kunokurudzirwa pamwe chete nemishonga. Chikoro chemwana chikamu chakakosha chechirongwa ichi chekurapa.
| Rudzi rwemushonga | Mienzaniso inowanzo shandiswa (Generic / Brand Name) |
|---|---|
| Zvinokurudzira | Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), Amphetamine (Adderall, Vyvanse) |
| Zvisiri zvinokurudzira | Atomoxetine (Strattera), Guanfacine (Intuniv) |
| Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana (Inoshandiswa mune dzimwe nguva) | Bupropion (Wellbutrin) |
Ndinofanira kutora mushonga uyu kwenguva yakareba sei?
ADHD chirwere chinogara kwenguva refu chisina mushonga. Saka, ungangoda kutora mushonga wekudzivirira zviratidzo zvako. Kana ukawana mushonga unoshanda kwauri uye unodzora zviratidzo zvako, zvingabatsira kuutora kweupenyu hwako hwese. Chiremba wako ndiye munhu akakodzera kutaura naye nezvenyaya iyi.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mishonga yeADHD yakafanana nemagirazi emaziso. Inobatsira uropi kuti hutarise uye hutarise pfungwa dzahwo.
- Mishonga iyi inodzikamisa makemikari europi uye inodzora kutarisisa, kudzora maitiro, uye mashandiro.
- Zvinogona kutora nguva kuti uwane mushonga wakakodzera uye mwero wakakodzera iwe kana mwana wako. Zvakakosha kushanda pamwe chete nachiremba wako parwendo urwu.
- Migumisiro yacho inowanzoitika, asi inowanzoitika kwenguva pfupi. Usazvidya mwoyo nazvo, asi taura nachiremba wako. Iye anogona kukubatsira kuti uzvirarame.
- Usamborega kutora mishonga kana kuchinja mwero wemushonga usina kupiwa mazano nachiremba.
- Pamwe chete nemishonga, kurapa maitiro chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukutarisira ADHD.
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