Zvakajairika kunzwa kuremerwa uye kunetseka paunoona kuti mwana wako ane autism. Ungave uchizvibvunza kuti, "Ndoita sei izvozvi?" Asi usavhunduke kana kunzwa uri wega. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dziripo nhasi dzinogona kubatsira mwana wako kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwake , kuderedza zviratidzo zvake, uye kuita kuti hupenyu hwake hwezuva nezuva huve nyore. Mhedzisiro yacho inova nani kana kurapwa uku kukatangwa nekukurumidza, senge panguva yekuenda kuchikoro chevana vadiki. Asi hazvisati zvanyanya kunonoka, uye kurapwa kunogona kutanga chero pazera ripi zvaro.
Kutaura zvazviri, nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuti utarise mishonga iyi nekukurumidza kana uchifungidzira kuti une autism, pane kumirira kuti chiremba asimbise kuti mwana wako ane chirwere ichi (kuongorora chirwere). Nekuti zvinogona kutora nguva kuti uwane chirwere chakarurama, kusanganisira bvunzo uye kugadzwa kwechiremba. Saka, ngatitarisei mishonga yakakurumbira uye inobudirira inogona kubatsira mwana ane autism.
Kurapa Kwemitambo
Vana vane autism vanowanzotamba nenzira yakasiyana zvishoma nedzevamwe vana. Vanogona kungotarisa chikamu chimwe chete chechitoyi (senge mavhiri emota) pane kushandisa chitoyi chose. Havaitewo "kutamba kwekunyepedzera" sevamwe vana. Vangasatomboda kutamba nevamwe.
Asi kune vana vazhinji vane Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), kutamba inzira yekuratidza manzwiro avo. Matoyi avo nezviito zvavo zvinogona kuva mazwi avo. Kuburikidza nekurapa uku kwemitambo, vana vanodzidza zvinhu zvitsva uye vanovaka hukama hune chinangwa nevakuru nevamwe vana.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira kurapa uku kwekutamba?
- Unyanzvi hwekugarisana nevamwe uye hwemanzwiro huri kukura.
- Zvinobatsira kufunga zvakasiyana.
- Unyanzvi hwemutauro nekutaurirana hunovandudzika.
- Nzira dzinoshandiswa matoyi uye mashandiro aanoita nevamwe dziri kuwedzera.
| Nzira yekurapa mitambo | Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore... |
|---|---|
| Nguva yepasi | Izvi zvinosanganisira iwe, mudzidzisi, kana chiremba wepfungwa, kugara pasi nemwana muchitamba naye nenzira imwe chete yaanotamba nayo. Wobva wawedzera chimwe chinhu chitsva mumutambo (senge chitoyi chakasiyana kana izwi). Chinangwa ndechekukurudzira kutaurirana nekuvaka mutambo wakaita sehurukuro pakati pako nemwana. |
| Mapoka Emitambo Akabatanidzwa (IPGs) | Muizvi, vana vane autism nevana vasina autism vanounganidzwa kuti vagadzire mapoka. Zvadaro, vana vane autism vanogona kutarisa zvinoitwa nevamwe vana, kuvatevedzera, uye kudzidza kutamba. Izvi zvinopa mukana wakanaka wekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe. |
| Jasper (JASPER) | Nzira iyi inobatsira mwana kuti atarisise pane chitoyi nemunhu panguva imwe chete. Kana 'kunyatsoteererana' uku kuchikura, zviri nyore kutamba nevamwe vana. Izvi zvinovandudza matauriro emwana uye hunyanzvi hwake hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe. |
Kurapa Kwebasa (OT)
Kunyangwe ichinzi 'kurapa kwemabasa', haisi nyaya yemabasa. Inobatsira mwana pamabasa ake ezuva nezuva . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinhu zvakaita sekusunga mabhatani ehembe, kubata chipunu kana forogo zvakanaka, kusunga tambo dzeshangu, nezvimwewo. Inogonawo kusanganisira chero hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuchikoro, kubasa, kana pakutamba.
Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa kwemabasa ndechekubatsira mwana ane autism kurarama ari ega sezvinobvira nekuita mabasa ake ega kumba uye kuchikoro.
Nyanzvi yezvemabasa inonyatsoongorora mwana, yoongorora kugona kwake kuita mabasa anoenderana nezera rake, yozogadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hwakanangana nemwana uye hunosangana nezvinodiwa nezvinangwa zvake.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira pakurapa nemabasa?
- Mabasa ezuva nezuva: Zvinhu zvakaita sekudzidzira chimbuzi, kupfeka, kukwesha mazino.
- Unyanzvi hwekushandisa tsinga dzemuviri: Zvinhu zvakaita sekubata penzura nekunyora, kucheka nechigero.
- Unyanzvi Hwekufambisa Mitsipa : Kufamba, kukwira masitepisi, kutasva bhasikoro.
- Kuchengetedza chimiro chemuviri, hunyanzvi hwekuziva: kusiyanisa mavara nemaumbirwo.
- Kuziva muviri: Kunzwisisa muviri wako nenzvimbo yakapoteredza.
- Unyanzvi hwakaita sekutamba , kugadzirisa matambudziko, uye kutaurirana .
Kuvandudza hunyanzvi uhwu kunobatsira mwana kuvaka hukama nevamwe, kuramba akatarisa kubasa, uye kudzora manzwiro ake.
Kurapa Kwekutaura
Vana vazhinji vane autism vane matambudziko makuru ekutaurirana pasina kutaura, pamwe nekutaura. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kunetseka kutarisana mumaziso, kufambisa maoko, uye kumirira nguva yavo mumwe munhu paanenge achitaura. Ndosaka kurapwa nekutaura kuri chikamu chakakosha chekurapa autism.
Matambudziko anowanzoonekwa mukutaura nekutaurirana mu autism anosanganisira:
- Handitauri zvachose.
- Kuita manzwi akasiyana-siyana (kudzvova, kuchema).
- Kutaura vachiimba vachiimba nziyo.
- Kudzokorora zvinotaurwa nevamwe (izvi zvinonzi `echolalia`).
- Kutaura serobhoti, pasina manzwiro, kunyangwe achitaura mazwi nemitsara.
- Kusatarisa mumaziso pakutaura.
- Kusanzwisisa zvinorehwa nemashoko chaiwo.
Nyanzvi yezvekutaura ichaona matambudziko aya uye ichaona nzira dzakanakisisa dzekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana hwemwana. Vanogonawo kukurudzira dzimwe nzira kana mwana asiri kutaura.
- Kuburitsa pfungwa uchishandisa mifananidzo.
- Mutauro wemasaini.
- "Vatauri vemagetsi".
Yeuka, kurapa nekutaura hakusi kungotaura mazwi chete. Kunokudzidzisawo mashandisiro emutauro kuti ubatane nevamwe, utaure nevamwe, uye unzwisise chitarisiko chechiso chevamwe vanhu uye matauriro avo. Kana kurapa uku kukatanga nekukurumidza, mhedzisiro yacho inova yakanaka.
Kuongorora Maitiro Anoshandiswa (ABA)
Iyi inzira yekurapa inozivikanwa zvikuru uye inobudirira. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, kana mwana akaita chimwe chinhu chakanaka, kana kuti akaita zvinhu nenzira yatinotarisira, tinokurudzira maitiro iwayo nekumupa 'mubairo'. Mubairo uyu unogona kuva chitoyi chaanofarira, chikafu chidiki, kana rumbidzo yakaita sekuti "Zvakanaka kwazvo."
Munzira iyi, vabereki vanodzidziswawo kushanda nevana vavo kumba nenzira iyi. Izvi zvinogona kuvandudza kutaurirana kwemwana, hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, uye kugona kwake kuita zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita sekugona kwake kushanda. Kunewo mhando dzakasiyana dzeABA therapy:
- Kudzidziswa Kwekuedza Kwakasiyana (DTT):Hunhu kana hunyanzvi hunodzidziswa nekuhuparadzanisa mumatanho ari nyore.
- Kupindira Kwepfungwa Dzakanyanya (EIBI): Iyi inzira yeABA yakagadzirirwa vana vari pasi pemakore mashanu.
- Kurapa Kupindura Kwakakosha (PRT): Kunotarisa pazvinhu zvakakosha pakukura kwemwana (semuenzaniso, kuzvibata, kutora danho rekutanga mumamiriro ezvinhu evanhu).
- Kupindira muMatauriro (VBI): Chinangwa ndechekuvandudza hunyanzvi hwemwana hwekutaura.
Kutasva Bhiza rekurapa
Vanachiremba vanodanawo izvi kuti "hippotherapy." Uku kurapa kwakasiyana zvishoma, asi kunobatsira zvikuru. Kunosanganisira mwana akatasva bhiza ari pasi pekutarisirwa kwemurapi. Bhiza parinofamba, mwana anofanira kudzikamisa muviri wake uye kupindura mafambiro iwayo. Zvakafanana nekurapa kwemuviri. Tsvagiridzo yakaratidza kuti izvi zvinovandudza hunyanzvi hwevana hwekushamwaridzana nevanhu, uye zvinobatsira kuderedza kusagadzikana kwavo uye kunyanyisa.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Zvakakosha kutanga kurapwa kwe autism nekukurumidza sezvinobvira . Usamirira kusvika chiremba akupa ruzivo rwakakwana. Kana usina chokwadi, tsvaga mazano echiremba uye tsvaga kurapwa.
- Hapana "mushonga mumwe chete wakanakisisa" unoshanda kumwana wese. Mushonga unoshanda zvakanaka kumwana wega wega unogona kusiyana. Taura nachiremba wako kuti usarudze zvakanakira mwana wako.
- Kurapa uku kunogona kuvandudza zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita sekutaurirana kwemwana, hunyanzvi hwekushamwaridzana nevamwe, uye kugona kwake kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva.
- Basa rako semubereki rakakosha zvikuru parwendo urwu. Kushanda nevarapi uye kuita zvinhu izvi kumba kunogona kubatsira kuti mhedzisiro ibudirire zvakanyanya.
- Usati watanga chero mushonga, iva nechokwadi chekuuongorora zvakakwana uye wokurukura nachiremba ari kurapa mwana wako.
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