Une dambudziko rekufema rakaita seasthma here? Kana kuti wakaona mumwe munhu mumhuri mako achishandisa mushonga wekufemesa here? Nhasi tichataura nezvemishonga iyi inoita kuti zvive nyore kufema, inonzi bronchodilators. Vanhu vazhinji vanotya iyi, asi kana ukainzwisisa uye ukaishandisa nemazvo, iyi inogona kubatsira zvikuru muhupenyu.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi bronchodilator?
Funga nezvenzira dzekufema dzinotakura mweya kuenda kumapapu ako semachubhu. Kana tsandanyama dzakatetepa dzakatenderedza machubhu aya dzaoma, nzvimbo iri mukati memachubhu inova diki uye zvinova zvakaoma kuti mweya upfuure nepakati. Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai seasthma neCOPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Ndipo paunonzwa sekunge uri kudzipwa uye chipfuva chako chakamanikana.
Saka, mushonga uyu unonzi bronchodilator unorerutsa tsandanyama dzakasimba ipapo ipapo wowedzera nzira dzekufema dzakamanikana (bronchi). Zvadaro zvinova nyore kuti mapapu atore mweya unopinda nekubuda, uye unogona kufema zviri nyore.
Pane chimwe chinobatsira kubva kumishonga iyi. Kana nzira dzekufema dzakawedzerwa, kunyange madzihwa anenge abatwa mukati anotanga kufamba zvakasununguka. Ipapo unogona kukosora madzihwa zviri nyore.
Mishonga iyi inonyanya kuuya muchimiro chemushonga wekufema uye semvura inopihwa nemuchina unonzi nebulizer.
Kune mhando mbiri huru dzemabronchodilators:
Izvi zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru zvichienderana nekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti zvishande. Chiremba wako achakuudza kuti ushandise chimwe cheizvi, kana pamwe zvese zviri zviviri.
| Fomu reMushonga | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Mishonga yebronchodilator inoshanda kwenguva pfupi | Iyi mishonga inopihwa kuti ikurumidze kudzora zviratidzo zveasthma, zvakaita sekufemera. Inonziwo "rescue inhalers." Inogara kwemaawa angangoita matatu kusvika matanhatu. |
| Mishonga inobvisa mabronchodilator inoshanda kwenguva refu | Izvi hazvishandiswe kana paine emergency. Zvinoshandiswa panguva dzakatarwa zuva rega rega, zvichiita kuti nzira dzekufema dzirambe dzakavhurika kwemaawa angangoita gumi nemaviri, uye zvinodzivirira kurwiswa kweasthma kuti kusadzokorore. Izvi zviri muchikamu che "zvinodzivirira." |
Ndedzipi mhando huru dzemabronchodilators?
Kune mhando nhatu huru dzemishonga inoderedza bronchodilators: beta 2-agonists, anticholinergics, uye theophylline.
1. Beta 2-agonists
Izvi zvinouya mumhando mbiri dzekushanda kwenguva pfupi (SABA) uye dzekushanda kwenguva refu (LABA).
- Mishonga ye "short-acting beta 2-agonists" (SABA): Iyi ndiyo mishonga inoshandiswa pakurwisa asthma kamwe kamwe. Inoshanda mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri uye inopa zororo kwemaawa angangoita mana kusvika matanhatu. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa usati waita maekisesaizi kudzivirira asthma inokonzerwa nekurovedza muviri. Mienzaniso: `Albuterol (Ventolin®)`, `Levalbuterol (Xopenex®)`.
- Mishonga yebeta-2 agonists inoshanda kwenguva refu (LABA): Iyi inotorwa kaviri pazuva uye inobatsira kuti chirwere chirambe chiri pasi pesimba. Inowanzopihwa pamwe chete nemushonga we corticosteroid, rudzi rwemushonga unoderedza kuzvimba munzira dzekufema. Mienzaniso: `Salmeterol (Serevent®)`, `Formoterol (Foradil®)`. Kunewo mishonga yekufema inosanganisa zvese zviri zviviri, zvakaita se`Advair®` ne`Symbicort®`.
2. Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana kweropa
Izvi zvinodzivisa kushanda kweacetylcholine, kemikari inogadzirwa netsinga dzedu. Acetylcholine iyi ndiyo inosimbisa tsandanyama dziri pedyo nemhepo kuti dziome. Mishonga iyi inoshandiswa kudzora kwenguva refu asthma yakaoma kudzora, pane kurapa nekukasika. Mienzaniso: `Ipratropium bromide (Atrovent®)`, `Tiotropium bromide (Spiriva Respimat®)`.
3. Theophylline
Inouya muchimiro chepiritsi (`Uniphyl®`). Kunyangwe ichibatsira kudzora kurwiswa kwakanyanya kweasthma, haichashandiswi zvakanyanya. Paunenge uchitora mushonga uyu, uchafanirwa kuongororwa ropa nguva nenguva kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti une huwandu hwakakwana hwemishonga muropa rako.
Ndezvipi migumisiro yeizvi?
Migumisiro inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwemishonga yashandiswa. Zvisinei, haiitike kune munhu wese, uye kana ikaitika, inowanzopera mushure memazuva mashoma.
| Rudzi rweMushonga | Migumisiro Inogona Kuitika |
|---|---|
| Beta 2-agonists | Kunzwa kuzununguka, kusagadzikana, kurova kwemoyo kwakanyanya, kushushikana mudumbu, kushaya hope. |
| Mishonga yeAnticholinergics | Muromo wakaoma, maziso, nemhino, kuravira kusinganzwisisike mumuromo, kuda kurutsa, uye kuona zvisipo kwenguva pfupi kana mushonga ukapinda mumaziso. (Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunetseka kuita weti). |
| Theophylline | Kusvotwa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, manyoka, musoro, kurova kwemoyo kusina kurongeka, kugwinha kwetsandanyama. |
Mushonga webronchodilator rudzi rwe steroid here?
Kwete. Aya marudzi maviri akasiyana zvachose emishonga.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mishonga inozorodza tsandanyama dziri munzira yako yekufema. MaSteroid anoderedza kuzvimba munzira yako yekufema. Nekuti maitiro ese aya anoitika muzvirwere zvakaita seasthma, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti ushandise mishonga iyi yese pamwe chete.
Nzira yekushandisa sei inhaler nemazvo?
Kuti mushonga uyu ubatsirwe zvizere, zvakakosha kushandisa mushonga wekufema nemazvo. Tevedzera matanho aya.
1. Vhara chivharo chemushonga wekufema zvakasimba wochizunza zvakanaka kanenge kagumi kusvika kagumi neshanu.
2. Vhura chivharo.
3. Fema zvakadzama wobva waburitsa mweya wese.
4. Isa miromo yako yakatenderedza muromo woibata zvakasimba.
5. Dzvinya mudziyo wekufemera pasi kamwe chete. Panguva imwe chete, fema mweya wakadzika nemuromo wako.
6. Kana ukanzwa kurira kwemuridzo paunenge uchifema, zvinoreva kuti uri kufema nekukurumidza. Fema zvakadzika zvishoma.
7. Bata mweya wako kwemasekonzi gumi. Apa ndipo panosvika mushonga wese wemapapu ako.
8. Dzokorora matanho aya kuti uwane huwandu hwemapuffs akakurudzirwa nachiremba wako. Siya kweinenge miniti pakati pepuff imwe neimwe.
9. Kana wapedza, vhara chivharo zvakare.
10. Zvakakosha:Kana uri kushandisa mushonga wekufemesa une steroid (corticosteroid), sukurudza muromo wako nemvura zvakanaka mushure mekuushandisa. Izvi zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya migumisiro yakaipa.
Ndinofanira kuona chiremba wangu rini?
Kana ukatanga zviratidzo zvitsva zvakaita sekushaya mweya, kukosora, kana kufemera, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba. Anogona kuita bvunzo dzekushanda kwemapapu kuti aone mamiriro ako chaiwo.
Uye pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha.
Kana uchida kushandisa mushonga wako wekudzivirira chirwere (SABA) kanopfuura kaviri pasvondo , zvinoreva kuti asthma yako haina kudzorwa zvakanaka.
Kana izvi zvikaitika, usazviregeredza. Enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika kuti mukurukure kana uchida kuchinja mushonga wauri kutora kana kuti rudzi rwemushonga wauri kutora kuti udzore mamiriro ako ezvinhu kwenguva refu. Gara uchitevedzera chirongwa chemushonga chachiremba wako nemazvo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mushonga webronchodilator rudzi rwemushonga unozorodza tsandanyama dzakatenderedza nzira dzekufema, zvichiita kuti kufema kuve nyore.
- Kune mhando mbiri huru: rubatsiro rwekukurumidza (kununura) uye kudzivirira kwenguva refu (kudzivirira).
- Zvakakosha kushandisa mushonga wako wekufemesa sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako, panguva yakakodzera, uye nedoro rakakodzera.
- Kana uchida kushandisa "rescue inhaler" yako kanopfuura kaviri pasvondo, chiratidzo chekuti chirwere chako hachina simba. Enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika.
- Mishonga inobvisa mabronchodilator haisi mishonga inouraya mabronchodilator, asi mhando mbiri idzi dzemishonga dzinowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete.
- Kana muine mibvunzo nezvemushonga wenyu kana mamiriro enyu ezvinhu, garai muchitaurirana nachiremba wenyu.
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