Miromo yemwana wako, rurimi, uye minwe zvinoshanduka kuita bhuruu here? Kana kuti unonzwa sekunge ari kunetseka kufema kana kuti ari kurasikirwa nepfungwa nekukurumidza? Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nedambudziko diki remwoyo. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chemwoyo chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Vanachiremba vanodana chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) . Muchidimbu, chirwere chemwoyo chinoita kuti muviri ushanduke kuita bhuruu.
Saka, chirwere ichi chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic chii?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, "chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho" zvinoreva chimwe kana zvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo zvinowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzeizvi:
1. Chirwere chemwoyo cheCyanotic Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD): Ichi chirwere apo mwoyo haukwanise kutakura okisijeni yakakwana kuenda kumuviri wese. Izvi dzimwe nguva zvinonzi chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho chakakosha . Kana mwana akazvarwa aine chirwere ichi, ganda rake rinogona kuita sebhuruu, chirwere chinonzi cyanosis . Ruvara rwebhuruu urwu runokonzerwa nemuviri usingawani okisijeni yakakwana.
2. Chirwere chemwoyo cheAcyanotic Congenital: Murudzi urwu rwechirwere chemwoyo, huwandu hweokisijeni hunosvika kune vamwe vese mumuviri haukanganisike zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana haashanduke kuita bhuruu.
Nhasi tiri kunyanya kutaura nezverudzi rwekutanga, rwunonzi cyanotic heart disease (CCHD).
Chirwere ichi chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic chinokanganisa sei muviri?
Unoziva, miviri yedu inoda okisijeni kuti ishande zvakanaka. Kungofanana nemota inoda peturu kuti ishande. Muchirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic, muviri hauwani okisijeni yaunoda. Kusagadzikana uku, kana kuti zvikanganiso, mumoyo zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba uye dzimwe nguva kutouraya.
Funga nezvazvo, ropa redu rinotakura okisijeni mumiviri yedu yese. Mwoyo unopomba ropa iri mumuviri wese. Zvino, chii chinoitika kana ropa risina okisijeni rikapinda mumuviri nekuda kwedambudziko remwoyo? Ndizvo zvinoitika munyaya iyi.
Dambudziko iri rakajairika zvakadii?
Pasi rose, vanhu vanosvika 8 kana 9 pavana 1,000 vanozvarwa vari vapenyu vane chirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho. Pavanhu ava , vanenge 25%, kana kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina, vane chirwere ichi (CCHD) . Saka, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingawanzoitiki, zvakakosha kuti tizive.
Ndezvipi zvikanganiso zvinogona kuitika ne `CCHD`?
Chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi Cyanotic chinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru. Kunyangwe aya ari mazwi ekurapa, ndichaatsanangura zviri nyore.
1. Maronda emwoyo anovhara divi rekuruboshwe (maronda emwoyo anovhara divi rekuruboshwe)
Zvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hweropa rinoyerera kubva pamwoyo kuenda kumuviri wese (rinonzi 'systemic blood flow'). Mienzaniso yeizvi inosanganisira:
- Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS):Apa ndipo apo rutivi rwekuruboshwe rwemoyo rusingakure zvakanaka. Fungidzira kuti rutivi rwekuruboshwe rwemoyo, chikamu chikuru chinopomba ropa mumuviri, diki zvakanyanya. Ipapo harukwanise kupomba ropa rakakwana mumuviri.
- Aortic Arch Yakakanganiswa: Apa ndipo apo aorta, tsinga huru yeropa inotakura ropa kubva kumoyo kuenda kumuviri, inenge isina kukwana. Zvakafanana nepombi yemvura inopwanyika pakati.
2. Maronda emwoyo wekurudyi anovhara
Kukanganisika kwemoyo uku kunoderedza huwandu hweropa rinoyerera kubva pamoyo kuenda kumapapu (rinonzi `pulmonary flow`). Ropa rinoenda kumapapu kunotora okisijeni. Saka, kuideredza idambudziko. Mienzaniso yeizvi:
- Pulmonary Atresia (PA): Vharuvhu yemapapu, inotakura ropa kubva kurudyi rwemoyo kuenda kumapapu, yakaita semusuwo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vharuvhu haigadzike zvakanaka kana kuti inovharika.
- Tricuspid Atresia: Vharuvhu yetricuspid ivharuvhu iri pakati pemakamuri maviri (atrium neventricle) kurudyi kwemoyo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, vharuvhu haisi kushanda zvakanaka. Kuputika kwenyama kwakakora kunovhara kuyerera kweropa kubva kuatrium yekurudyi kuenda kuventricle yekurudyi.
- Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): Iyi ndiyo mhando yechirwere chemwoyo chinowanzo wanikwa (CCHD). Chinoratidzwa nekuvapo kwezvirema zvina zvemwoyo.
3. Kusanganisa maronda
Iyi ndiyo mhando yechitatu ye ``(CCHD)``. Kukanganisika kwemoyo uku kunoita kuti ropa riende kumapapu (ropa rine oxygen shoma) uye ropa riende kumuviri (ropa rine oxygen yakawanda) zvisanganisike. Mienzaniso yeizvi inosanganisira:
- Kuchinja kweTerteries Huru (TGA): Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mitsipa miviri mikuru yeropa inobuda mumoyo (tsinga huru yemapapu neaorta) inochinjaniswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ropa harienderere kwarinofanira kuenda. Ichi ndicho chirwere chechipiri chinowanzoitika mushure meCCHD.
- Kudzoka Kwese Kweropa Remumapapu (TAPVR): Mumwana ane TAPVR, ropa rine oxygen yakawanda kubva mumapapu hariende kuruboshwe rwemoyo sezvarinofanira kuita. Asi, ropa rinoenda kurudyi rwemoyo.
- Truncus Arteriosus: Muchirwere ichi, pane tsinga huru imwe chete panzvimbo petsinga mbiri dzakasiyana dzinotakura ropa kuenda kumuviri nemapapu.
Kunyangwe izvi zvinganzwika zvakaoma, vanachiremba vanozviziva uye vanozvirapa. Zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti ungave uine chirwere ichi.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvechirwere chemwoyo chekuzvarwa nacho chinonzi cyanotic?
Masayendisiti haasati aziva kuti chii chinokonzera CCHD, asi mimwe mienzaniso yakabatana ne:
- Machromosome asina kujairika.
- Majini.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kuva naamai panguva yekuzvitakura: Semuenzaniso, chirwere cheshuga, phenylketonuria (chirwere cheropa), kushandisa zvinodhaka, kana hutachiona.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve `CCHD`?
Zviratidzo zveCCHD zvinowanzoonekwa mukati memavhiki ekutanga ehupenyu , asi zvinogona kusaonekwa kusvika paudiki. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:
- Ganda rebhuruu kana repepuru (Cyanosis): kunyanya miromo, rurimi, uye minwe.
- Kufema nekukurumidza (Tachypnea).
- Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza (Tachycardia).
- Kuzvimba kwemapapu.
- Ruzha rwemwoyo rusina kujairika (Heart murmur): Ruzha urwu runonzwika kana chiremba akateerera ne stethoscope.
- Kusagadzikana nguva nenguva kana kurara zvakanyanya, kushaya hanya `(Kutsamwa kana kuneta)`.
- Kuderera kwehuwandu hweokisijeni mumuviri.
- Kuwedzera uremu kunoitika zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Kudikitira kana kuchema panguva yekuyamwisa.
- Vana vakuru vanogona kunetseka kufema panguva yekurovedza muviri.
- Kurova kwemoyo kusina simba.
Kana mwana wako aine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, zvakakosha kuti utsvage rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika .
Chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic chinoonekwa sei?
Dzimwe nguva, CCHD inogona kuonekwa mwana asati aberekwa . Kana kuongororwa kwemoyo wemwana panguva yekuzvitakura (fetal ultrasound) kuchiratidza kuti pane dambudziko nemoyo wemwana, chiremba anogona kuraira kuti mwana apinzwe echocardiogram . Izvi zvinosanganisira kupfuudza mudziyo wakakosha nedumbu raamai kana kuti nhengo yemukadzi kuti vatore mifananidzo yakadzama yemoyo wemwana.
Mushure mekunge mwana azvarwa, danho rekutanga rekuongorora CCHD kuongorora pulse oximetry . Iyi bvunzo iri nyore, isingarwadzi inoshandisa masensa kuyera huwandu hweokisijeni mumuviri. Iyi ndeimwe yemiyedzo yakajairika inoitwa mwana asati aburitswa muchipatara.
Pamusoro pezvo, mimwe miedzo inogona kuitwa:
- X-ray yechipfuva: Izvi zvinotora mifananidzo yemukati mechipfuva kuti zvionekwe kana paine zvisina kumira zvakanaka muchimiro chayo. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuona kana mwana ane dambudziko remwoyo kana mapapu.
- Kuongororwa kweHyperoxia (dambudziko reoxygen): Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira vanachiremba kuona kana mwana ane CCHD kana dambudziko remapapu. Huwandu hweoxygen muropa remwana hunoyerwa pavanenge vachifema mweya wemukamuri, uye zvakare mushure memaminitsi gumi e100% oxygen.
- Electrocardiogram (EKG kana ECG): Iyi inoyera mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo.
- Echocardiogram (Echo): Iyi ibvunzo inoshandisa tekinoroji ye ultrasound kutora mifananidzo yemavharuvhu nemakamuri emwoyo.
CCHD inorapwa sei?
Vacheche vazhinji vane CCHD vanoda kurapwa kuti vararame. Izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Kurapa neokisijeni: Kunopa okisijeni yakawanda kupfuura inowanikwa mumhepo yenguva dzose yemumba.
- Prostaglandin E1: Izvi zvinozorodza tsandanyama dzakatsetseka dzemwoyo uye zvinovhura ductus arteriosus (tsinga yeropa yakakosha). Izvi zvinobatsira kuyerera kweropa.
- Kuvhiyiwa: Kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa kugadzirisa zvikanganiso mumoyo kana kuchinja mafambiro eropa.
Vanachiremba vanosarudza kurapwa uku zvichienderana nemamiriro emwana uye hunhu hwechirwere chemwoyo.
CCHD inogona kudzivirirwa here?
Masayendisiti haasati aziva kuti chii chinokonzera chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic, saka hapana nzira dzakasimbiswa dzekudzivirira chirwere ichi. Asi zvakakosha kuti amai vagare vaine hutano panguva yekuzvitakura, vadzore zvirwere zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga, uye vasashandise zvinodhaka.
Remangwana revacheche vane chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic chii?
Vacheche vane chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic vanoda kuvhiyiwa kuti vararame. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, huwandu hwevakafa hwakakwira zvishoma. Vanenge 75% vevana vane CCHD vanorarama kwegore rimwe chete, uye vanenge 69% vanorarama kwemakore gumi nemasere .
Nekuda kwehuwandu hweokisijeni shoma mumuviri uye matambudziko emwoyo anokonzerwa nekuzvarwa nawo, vana vane CCHD vanogona kunge vari panjodzi ye:
- Kunonoka kukura kwemwana.
- Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemoyo (Arrhythmia).
- Kukundikana kwemoyo.
- Kumira kwemwoyo kamwe kamwe.
- Kurohwa nechirwere.
Zvisinei, njodzi idzi dzinogona kugadziriswa zvakanyanya nekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kuteverwa .
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvaunofanira kuziva kana uchirarama nechirwere chemwoyo chinonzi cyanotic heart disease?
Kana iwe kana mwana wako aine CCHD, chiremba wako anowanzo kurudzira zvinotevera:
- Tora majekiseni ako ese: Izvi zvinogona kukubatsira kukudzivirira kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere.
- Enda kunoongororwa nguva dzose uye kuteverwa sezvakakurudzirwa nachiremba wemwoyo wako.
- Zvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere zvakaita seRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV): Ita hutsanana hwakanaka uye gara kure nevanhu vanorwara.
- Tora mishonga inorwisa utachiona kudzivirira hutachiona usati watanga kurapwa mazino (izvi zvinofanira kuitwa sezvakarairwa nachiremba wako).
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kusatya kana kutya, uye kutevedzera mirairo yachiremba nemazvo. Mishonga yemazuva ano ine mishonga inoshanda zvikuru yezvirwere zvakadaro.
Chinhu chakakosha chaunofanira kurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)
Chirwere chemwoyo cheCyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) chirwere chinoita kuti ganda remwana riite bhuruu nekuda kwekusakwana kwemoyo wekuzvarwa nawo kunoderedza huwandu hweokisijeni inotenderera mumuviri wese.
- Zvakakosha kuziva zviratidzo zvekutanga. Kana mwana wako achinja kuita bhuruu, achinetseka kufema, kana kuti ari kurasikirwa nepfungwa nekukurumidza, tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
- Kune bvunzo dzinogona kuona chirwere ichi mwana asati aberekwa kana kuti achangoberekwa .
- Vana vazhinji vane CCHD vanoda kurapwa neoxygen uye kuvhiyiwa kuti vararame.
- Kana vakarapwa zvakanaka uye vachitarisirwa kwenguva refu nachiremba, vana ava vane mukana wekurarama hupenyu hwakajairika sezvinobvira.
- Hausi wega. Semubereki, ungangove uchinetseka mupfungwa paunenge uchisangana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai. Tsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuna vanachiremba, mhuri, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, rubatsiro rwekupa mazano.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira. Ndiri kushuvira mwana wako kuti apore nekukurumidza!
Chirwere chemwoyo chinonzi Cyanotic , zvikanganiso zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo, CCHD, blues yemwana, kuvhiyiwa kwemoyo, kushaikwa kweokisijeni, chirwere chemwoyo chevana
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