Ngaba ukhe weva ngale ntsholongwane iyingozi ye-MRSA? (i-Staphylococcus aureus engamelani neMethicillin) Makhe sithethe ngokweenkcukacha!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezi "superbugs" kwiphephandaba, kwiTV, okanye kwintetho yomnye umntu, akunjalo? Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho iintsholongwane ezingachaphazelekiyo nazii-antibiotics eziqhelekileyo esizinika ukunyanga isifo, oko kukuthi, azikwazi ukumelana nazo. I-MRSA yenye yezo ntsholongwane, iyingozi kancinci, kunzima ukuyinyanga. Ekubeni oku kunokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi, masifunde ngakumbi nge-MRSA namhlanje. Kuba, ukwazi izinto ezinje kubaluleke kakhulu kum nakuwe, kuthi sonke.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-MRSA?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-MRSA. Igama elifutshane elithi MRSA livela kwigama elide lesiNgesi elithi `Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus`. Nangona eli gama lisenokubonakala liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: `I-Staphylococcus aureus` luhlobo lweebhaktheriya ezinokuhlala eluswini lwethu. Nangona kunjalo, le MRSA luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweebhaktheriya ze-`Staphylococcus aureus`. Okukhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba le bhaktheriya iyamelana nezinye ii-antibiotics ezinamandla, kuquka ne-antibiotic `Methicillin`. Oko kuthetha ukuba nangona kukho la mayeza, kunzima kakhulu ukubulala iibhaktheriya ze-MRSA. Yiyo loo nto ukunyanga kwayo kukwangumceli mngeni.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kosulelo oluqhelekileyo lweStaph kunye nosulelo lweMRSA?

Le yingxaki nakubantu abaninzi.

• Usulelo lweStaph: Olu lunokuba loluphi na usulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane iStaphylococcus aureus . Luxhaphake kakhulu kuneMRSA, kwaye lunokunyangeka rhoqo ngee -antibiotics eziqhelekileyo.
• Usulelo lwe-MRSA: Olu sulelo lubangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwebhaktheriya ye-Staph, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, enganyangekiyo kwiintsholongwane ezininzi. Yingakho usulelo lwe-MRSA lunzima kwaye kunzima ukunyanga.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zosulelo lwe-MRSA?

Ewe, usulelo lwe-MRSA lunokwahlulwa lube ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindawo esingqongileyo: 1. I-MRSA efunyenwe kwimpilo (HA-MRSA): Olu hlobo lusasazeka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abakwiindawo zonyango ezifana nezibhedlele kunye namakhaya abantu abadala. 2. I-MRSA efunyenwe kuluntu (CA-MRSA): Le yinto ebonwe ngakumbi ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ingcali kukuba inokukhula nakubantu abaphilileyo abangakhange baye nakwesiphi na isibhedlele okanye kwiziko lezempilo. Nazi ezinye iintlobo zosulelo ezinokubangelwa yi-MRSA:

• Usulelo lwesikhumba kunye nezicubu ezithambileyo (SSTIs): Olu lolona luxhaphakileyo.
• Ukukrala kwemiphunga :Usulelo oluchaphazela imiphunga.
• Usulelo lwamathambo namalungu (i-Osteomyelitis): Luchaphazela amathambo namalungu.
• Usulelo lwegazi olubangelwa yibhaktheriya ( iBacteremia ): Iibhaktheriya ezingena egazini. Le yimeko eyingozi.
• I-Endocarditis : Usulelo lodonga lwangaphakathi lwentliziyo.

Zithini iimpawu ze-MRSA?

Iimpawu ze-MRSA zingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo osuleleke kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ifiva.
• Intlungu kwindawo enesifo.
• Ubomvu, ukutshintsha kombala, ukudumba, iintlungu, ubomvu okanye ulwelo oluzalisa ulusu. Ngamanye amaxesha olu sulelo lolusu lwe-MRSA lunokufana nokulunywa sisigcawu. Ngoko ke kufuneka ulumke.
• Ukukhwehlela.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukuziva udiniwe kakhulu (Ukudinwa).
• Intlungu yezihlunu okanye yamalungu.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, ingakumbi ukuba kukho isilonda eluswini, kuya kuba bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Yintoni ebangela i-MRSA?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba iintsholongwane zeStaphylococcus aureus zikwazi ukumelana neentsholongwane.

• Ngamanye amaxesha oku kwenzeka ngokwendalo kwindawo esingqongileyo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsholongwane ziphuhlisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ukuze zibalekele ii-antibiotics, njengokwakha ikhaka lokuzikhusela kutshaba.
• Ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nezibhedlele, ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwee-antibiotics kunokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zingabi namandla okulwa nazo.

I-Methicillin sisibulali-ntsholongwane esinxulumene ne-penicillin. Nangona igama elithi MRSA lisithi "i-methicillin-resistant," iintlobo ze-MRSA azinazo ezinye ii-antibiotics ezininzi. Umzekelo:

• Ezinye iintlobo ze-`Penicillin` (umz. `Amoxicillin`, `Ampicillin`)
• `Cephalosporins` (umz. `Cefepime`)
• `IiCarbapenems` (umz. `IMeropenem`, `Imipenem`)

Ngokubanzi, i-MRSA enxulumene nesibhedlele (HA-MRSA) iyakwazi ukumelana nenani lee-antibiotics kune-MRSA enxulumene noluntu (CA-MRSA).

I-MRSA idluliselwa njani?

Le ikwalinqaku elibaluleke kakhulu. Abanye abantu banebhaktheriya ye-MRSA eluswini okanye empumlweni, kodwa abaguli. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yikoloni yebhaktheriya emzimbeni.Ukuba une-MRSA ehlala emzimbeni wakho, nokuba awunazo iimpawu, uvavanyo lwempumlo okanye lwesikhumba luya kubonisa ukuba une-MRSA. Ungasasaza i-MRSA kwabanye abantu ukusuka kumntu onayo. Zininzi iindlela i-MRSA enokusasazwa ngazo:

• Ngokudibana ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo okanye ohlala kwi-MRSA.
• Ngokuchukumisa izinto okanye iindawo ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane. I-MRSA ngamanye amaxesha ingaphila kwiindawo ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane kangangeeveki!
• Ngokwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane. Umzekelo, izinto zokulala, impahla, izixhobo zonyango okanye zemidlalo, iitawuli, iireyiza, izixhobo zokutya, njl.
• Ngezixhobo zonyango ezingcolisiweyo ezifakwe emzimbeni (umz. umgca ophakathi wemithambo yegazi, ityhubhu yokuphefumla).

Ewe, i-MRSA sisifo esosulelayo. Ingasasazeka ngokudibana kwesikhumba okanye ngokuchukumisa iindawo ezingcoliswe yintsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha ingasasazeka phakathi kwamalungu osapho okanye abantu abahlala kwikhaya elinye.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-MRSA?

Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yosulelo lwe-MRSA kunabanye. Oku kuquka:

• Abantu abafaka iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni emizimbeni yabo.
• Abantu abadlala imidlalo efuna unxibelelwano olusondeleyo (umz. i-rugby).
• Abantu abasebenza kwiziko lezempilo.
• Abantu abahlala kunye ngokwamaqela (umz. iinkampu zomkhosi, iintolongo).
• Abantu abanezifo ezithile eziwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba (umz. isifo seswekile, isifo sezintso, i-HIV, umhlaza).
• Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba.
• Abantu abafakelwe isixhobo sezonyango emizimbeni yabo (umz., ilungu elenziweyo).
• Abantu abachithe ixesha elide esibhedlele okanye kwiziko lokhathalelo lwexesha elide.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-MRSA?

Ukuba oogqirha abakwazi ukulawula usulelo lwe-MRSA ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, oko kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• I-Sepsis kunye ne-septic shock: Le yindlela umzimba ophendula ngayo xa usuleleko luphezulu. Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, umonakalo kwizicubu, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba.
• Ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla kunye nokungaphumeleli.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngamalungu omzimba anesifo (ukunqunyulwa kwamalungu omzimba).

Izinto ezinje yile nto kufuneka sikhathazeke nge-MRSA.

Ungayichonga njani i-MRSA?

Ugqirha uxilonga usulelo lwe-MRSA ngokuthatha isampuli yezicubu zomzimba okanye ulwelo aze aluthumele kwilebhu ukuze luvavanywe. Basenokuzama ukukhulisa (ukukhulisa) iintsholongwane kwisampuli. Iindidi zeesampuli ezinokuvavanywa zezi:

• Igazi.
• Izicubu eziphuma enxebeni.
• Umchamo.
• I-sputum (i-phlegm ephuma emiphungeni xa kukhohlela)

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bathabatha isampuli elukhumbeni okanye empumlweni (i-nasal swab) ukuze bajonge ukuba i-MRSA ikwindawo enjani.

Iphathwa njani i-MRSA?

Xa benyanga usulelo lwe-MRSA, oogqirha bagxila kwizinto ezimbini eziphambili: 1. Ukunyamekela kakuhle nawaphi na amanxeba avulekileyo. 2. Ukufumana i-antibiotic esebenzayo ngokuchasene nohlobo lwe-MRSA onayo. Amanxeba anyangwa ngokukhupha ubovu enxebeni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe izicubu ezinesifo. Kwakhona, izinto ezenziweyo (ezifana namalungu okwenziwa) ezifakwe emzimbeni zinokususwa ukuba zisulelekile. Usulelo olunzima lwe-MRSA lunyangwa esibhedlele nge-antibiotics ye-intravenous (IV).

Ii-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa usulelo lwe-MRSA

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-antibiotics ezinokusetyenziswa kwi-MRSA. Kodwa khumbula, ezi zifanele zinikwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha.

• `I-Vancomycin`
• `I-Rifampin`
• `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX)`
• `I-Ceftaroline`
• `I-Linezolid`
• 'I-Daptomycin'
• `I-Clindamycin`
• I- Doxycycline (iDoxycycline)
• `Delafloxacin`

Ngamanye amaxesha i-MRSA ibizwa ngokuba yi-"superbug" kuba ayixhathisi kwiintsholongwane ezininzi, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyinyanga. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banokugqiba ekubeni banike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angaphezu kwesinye ngaxeshanye ukulwa nale ntsholongwane.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-MRSA?

Abasebenzi bezempilo balandela iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela usulelo olufunyenwe kunyango olufana ne-MRSA. Ezinye zezi ziquka:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane kumphezulu.
• Ukubulala iintsholongwane kwizixhobo zonyango.
• Ukuhlola izigulana kunye neendwendwe ezibhedlele kunye namaziko ezempilo.
• Ukuvalela/ukuhlukanisa abantu abane-MRSA kuthintela ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane kwabanye.

Kukho amanyathelo aliqela onokuwathatha ukuze uzikhusele kwi-MRSA (CA-MRSA) enxulumene noluntu:

• Ukuba kukho amanxeba, wagcine ecocekile kwaye uwabophe kakuhle.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho ezifana neetawuli kunye neerazors nabanye.
• Musa ukusebenzisa kwakhona iinaliti (nokuba zezakho) ezisetyenziselwa ukujova iziyobisi okanye amayeza angekho mthethweni.
• Khulula itawuli ngaphambi kokuba uhlale ze ebhentshini kwigumbi lokutshintshela ejimini.
• Hlamba izinto zokulala, iitawuli, kunye nempahla yokuzilolonga rhoqo ngamanzi ashushu. Yomisa kakuhle. Akukho mfuneko yokuyihlambulula, kwaye akukho mfuneko yokuhlamba izinto ezinokungcola ngokwahlukeneyo.
• Hlamba ngoko nangoko emva kokuzilolonga okanye imisebenzi eyonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba semngciphekweni we-MRSA.
• Sula iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo ezifana nezitshixo zombane, ii-remote controls, kunye nezixhobo zemidlalo ngesibulali-ntsholongwane. Jonga ilebheli ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi izibulali-ntsholongwane ezibulala iintsholongwane zeStaph.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi afudumeleyo ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20. Ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuhlamba izandla zakho, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala .

Ukuba unesixhobo sonyango, esifana ne-catheter, esifakwe emzimbeni wakho, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka sigcinwe ixesha elingakanani kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane ngelo xesha.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unesifo se-MRSA?

Ukuba unentsholongwane yesikhumba, ugqirha wakho uza kuyinyanga ngokuyinqumla inxeba aze akhuphe ubovu. Unganikwa neyeza lokukrwela ulusu okanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngomlomo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unentsholongwane ye-MRSA enobungozi okanye esasazekileyo, unokufuna ukuhlala esibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. I-MRSA efunyenwe luluntu (CA-MRSA), ingakumbi izifo zesikhumba, inokuba lula ukuyinyanga kune-MRSA efunyenwe esibhedlele (HA-MRSA). Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-70% yezifo zesikhumba ze-MRSA ziya kuphinda zibuye nasemva kokuba unyango luphumelele. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba abanye abantu ohlala nabo baye bangena kwi-MRSA, okanye ngenxa yokuba iintsholongwane ze-MRSA zinokuphila kwizinto nakwiindawo ezihlala ixesha elide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba wosulelwe kwakhona.

Ngaba ndiza kuhlukaniswa nabanye abantu ukuba ndifumana i-MRSA?

Ukuba unyangwa esibhedlele, ungafakwa kwigumbi elinye okanye phantsi kwemiqathango ekhethekileyo yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-MRSA kwabanye. Abasebenzi bezonyango banokucela iindwendwe ukuba zinxibe iiglavu zonyango, iigawuni, okanye iimaski zobuso.

I-MRSA ithatha ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane?

Iintsholongwane ze-MRSA zinokudluliselwa logama nje uvavanyo luqinisekisa ukuba zikhona emzimbeni wakho okanye eluswini lwakho. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha iswab empumlweni okanye eluswini lwakho aze avavanye i-MRSA ukuze abone ukuba usasuleleka na.

Ngaba i-MRSA inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo? Lingakanani izinga lokufa?

Ewe, ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha seemeko ze-MRSA ziyanyangwa ngee-antibiotics. Kwaye, uninzi lwezifo zesikhumba ze-MRSA zinokunyangwa ngempumelelo. Nangona kunjalo, izifo ezinzulu, ezifana ne-pneumonia, i-endocarditis, kunye ne-bacteremia, zinokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuba ugqirha afumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Izinga lokufa kwe-MRSA liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho usulelo lukhoyo. Umzekelo, ukuba i-MRSA ibangela i-bacteremia egazini - uhlobo olubi kakhulu - izinga lokufa linokuba phakathi kwe-20% kunye ne-50%. Oko kukunika umbono wokuba oku kunokuba yingozi kangakanani.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba unesixhobo sonyango emzimbeni wakho okanye ukuba inkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela yomzimba ibuthathaka, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zosulelo ekufuneka uziqaphele. Bona ugqirha wakho ukuba uneempawu ezikrokrisayo. Soloko ubona ugqirha ukuba unenxeba elikhulu okanye inxeba elingapholiyo. Nokuba usesibhedlele, kubalulekile ukugcina unxibelelwano oluhle neqela lakho lezonyango. Baxelele ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngentlungu, ukunyuka kwentliziyo, ubuthathaka, okanye umkhuhlane.

Kufuneka uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-103 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).
• Ukuba inxeba libuhlungu, linuka kakubi, okanye lizele lulwelo oluluhlaza, olumthubi, okanye olumdaka.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi (iimpawu: ubuthathaka, isiyezi, ukuquleka).

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa uthetha nogqirha malunga ne-MRSA, kuyanceda ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?
• Ndingazithintela njani ekusasazeni i-MRSA kwabanye?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela olu hlobo losulelo ukuba lungenzeki kwixesha elizayo?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Usenokuba ukhe weva iindaba ezoyikisayo malunga ne-MRSA. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bezempilo basebenza nzima ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwayo ezibhedlele nakwezinye iindawo, kwaye amatyala e-MRSA (HA-MRSA) anxulumene nesibhedlele ayancipha eMelika naseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, zonke iintlobo ze-MRSA zinokubangela usulelo olunokubulala. Ukuba uneempawu zosulelo olukhulu okanye inxeba elingapholiyo, ingakumbi ukuba unesixhobo sonyango okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, funa ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Xelela ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na iimeko zempilo onazo, naziphi na izixhobo onazo, okanye ukuba usandul' ukuchitha ixesha elininzi esibhedlele. Olu lwazi lunokubanceda bafumanise unobangela weempawu zakho kwaye banyange naluphi na usulelo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuqonda lolona khuselo lubalaseleyo nxamnye nosulelo! I-MRSA, i-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, ukuxhathisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, usulelo lolusu, usulelo lwesibhedlele, usulelo olufunyanwa luluntu.