Masifunde ngqo ngentsholongwane yeHPV (Human Papillomavirus). Musa ukoyika, masithethe!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva amagama athi `HPV`. Mhlawumbi kumhlobo, okanye kwi-intanethi, okanye kugqirha. Yintoni kanye kanye `HPV (Human Papillomavirus)`? Ngaba le yinto ekufuneka uyoyike? Hayi, ungakhathazeki. Masithethe ngayo ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iHPV (Human Papillomavirus)?

Ngamafutshane, i-HPV yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo. Ifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, kodwa yahlukile kancinci. Kukho iintlobo ze-HPV ezingaphezu kwe-100. Ezinye iintlobo zinokubangela iintsumpa ezincinci ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, okanye ebusweni. Kukwakho neentlobo ezimalunga nama-30 ezichaphazela amalungu esini. Oko kuthetha ukuba isini, umlomo wesibeleko, kunye nepenis. Iintsumpa zesini zibangelwa zezi ntlobo ze-HPV.

Enyanisweni, i-HPV yenye yezona zifo zixhaphakileyo zesondo (ii-STI). Ixhaphake kakhulu, enyanisweni, kangangokuba abantu abaninzi ababandakanyekayo ngokwesondo abangakhange bagonyelwe i-HPV baya kosulelwa yile ntsholongwane ngaxa lithile ebomini babo. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, abazi nokuba banayo.

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ze-HPV 'ezinomngcipheko ophantsi' kunye 'nezinomngcipheko ophezulu' . Iintlobo ezinomngcipheko ophantsi zezo zibangela iintsumpa, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezinokubangela umhlaza ofana nomhlaza wesibeleko kunye nomhlaza wangasese. Kodwa ungakhathazeki , ukuba uyibamba kwangethuba, nokuba kungenxa ye-Pap smear okanye uvavanyo lwe-HPV, kwaye ukuba ufumana kwaye unyanga iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza, unokuthintela ukukhula komhlaza.

Yintoni ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-HPV nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Xa uninzi lwabantu lucinga nge-HPV, lucinga ngomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ewe, kukho inyaniso ethile kuloo nto. Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV, ingakumbi iintlobo ze-16 kunye ne-18, zinokubangela utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-cervical dysplasia. Oku kufana nomqondiso wesilumkiso ngaphambi komhlaza. Ukuba olu tshintsho lweeseli alunyangwa, ngamanye amaxesha lunokukhula lube ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kodwa nantsi into ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30, uninzi lwezifo ze-HPV ziyaphela zodwa . Kufana nokuba amajoni ethu omzimba ayalwa nentsholongwane aze ayoyise. Emva kweminyaka engama-30, ukuba i-Pap smear ibonisa i-HPV, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba kufuneka uvavanywe rhoqo na. Oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu, kubalulekile ukuba uvavanywe rhoqo.

Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza i-Pap smears rhoqo ukususela kwiminyaka engama-21 ubudala.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba uxelelwe ukuba une-HPV okanye i-cervical dysplasia, ungoyiki ukuba uza kuba nomhlaza. Akwenzeki kubo bonke abantu.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba usulelo lwe-HPV luguquke lube ngumhlaza?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo. Enyanisweni, intsholongwane ye-HPV ngokwayo 'ayiguquki' ibe ngumhlaza. Okwenzekayo yile: Ukuba wosulelwa luhlobo 'olunobungozi' lwe-HPV, lunokubangela utshintsho lweeseli ezingaphambi komhlaza kwiiseli zakho. Ukuba olu tshintsho lweeseli alunyangwa, ekugqibeleni lunokukhula lube ngumhlaza. Kodwa le nkqubo ingathatha iminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka . Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukubona olu tshintsho lweeseli ezingaphambi komhlaza kwangethuba ngovavanyo olufana ne-Pap smear.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-HPV?

Ixesha elininzi, usulelo lwe-HPV oluchaphazela amalungu akho esini alubangeli zimpawu . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyenzeka, uphawu oluqhelekileyo kukukhula kwee-genital warts. Ezi ntsumpa zinokubonakala ngathi zikhula njengekhaphetshu okanye iithegi zesikhumba. Zinokuvela kwiiveki, kwiinyanga, okanye kwiminyaka emva kokuba wosulelekile. Njengezinye iintlobo ze-HPV, ii-genital warts ziyasulela . Zinokuba zirhawuzelela kwaye zingakhululeki.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iintlobo ze-HPV 'ezinobungozi obuphezulu' zihlala zingabangeli zimpawu de zibe ngumhlaza . Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uye kuvavanywa.

Ngaba zonke iintsumpa zibangelwa yiHPV?

Ewe! Oku kunokuba yinto edidayo kancinci, ingakumbi xa uzama ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweentsumpa ezikhula emnweni wakho, iintsumpa ezikhula kwindawo yakho yesini, kunye ne-HPV enokubangela umhlaza wesibeleko.

Ngamafutshane, iintlobo zeHPV ezibangela iintsumpa, kuquka iintsumpa zesini (ezibangelwa kakhulu ziintlobo zeHPV 6 kunye ne-11), ziyacaphukisa kakhulu. Ngubani othanda iintsumpa, ingakumbi kwindawo yesini? Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zeHPV azinabungozi, oko kuthetha ukuba azibangeli umhlaza .

Ezinye iintlobo zeHPV zingabangela iintsumpa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba:

• Iintsumpa ezisicaba
• Iintsumpa zePlantar ezintendeni nasezinyaweni
• Iintsumpa zePeriungual kunye ne-subungual

Kubalulekile: Zonke iintsumpa zibangelwa yiHPV. Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeHPV ezibangela iintsumpa. Iintlobo zeHPV ezinokubangela umhlaza azibangeli iintsumpa. Khumbula oku.

Idluliselwa njani i-HPV?

I-HPV yeSini isasazeka kakhulu ngokudibana kwesikhumba nolusu.Oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo, isondo lomlomo, kunye nesondo lomva. Izitho zakho zangasese - oko kukuthi, i-vagina yakho, i-penis, i-scrotum, i-rectum, kunye ne-anus - zinokosulelwa ukuba zidibana neendawo ezifanayo zomntu osulelekileyo.

Kukwakho nethuba lokuba intsholongwane ingadluliselwa ngokudibana ngezandla nezitho zangasese, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa "ukuchukumisa" okanye "imisebenzi yezandla". Nangona kunjalo, le yindlela engaqhelekanga yokudlulisela intsholongwane, kwaye idatha ekule nto incinci kuneyokunxibelelana nezitho zangasese.

Angakanani amathuba okuba umntu afumane i-HPV?

I-HPV yintsholongwane esulelayo kakhulu . Esinye sezizathu kukuba isasazeka ngokunxibelelana phakathi kwesikhumba nesikhumba. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba wabelane ngolwelo lomzimba ukuze ufumane intsholongwane komnye umntu, okanye komnye umntu ukuze ufumane intsholongwane. Intsholongwane ingasasazeka nokuba akukho kukhutshwa komlomo.

Ngubani ochaphazela i-HPV?

Nabani na olala nomntu onentsholongwane okanye onxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nesini sakhe unokufumana i-HPV. Kwakhona, nabani na onayo le ntsholongwane angayidlulisela kwiqabane lakhe.

Ukuba une-HIV, amajoni akho omzimba anokuba nzima ukulwa nosulelo lwe-HPV. Amadoda alala namadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana iintlobo ze-HPV ezinobungozi obuphezulu ezinokubangela umhlaza. Ngelo xesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-Pap olungasemva. Nangona uvavanyo lwe-Pap lungalufumani ngqo i-HPV, lunokubona utshintsho kwiiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba uyalufuna olu vavanyo.

Nokuba umzimba wakho wokuzala unjani, kubalulekile ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwe-HPV ngokufumana i-HPV vaccine kunye nokwenza isondo esikhuselekileyo (ukusebenzisa iikhondom okanye ii-dental dams ngokuchanekileyo nangokungaguqukiyo) .

Indlela i-HPV echaphazela ngayo abafazi

Ngokubanzi, abafazi basengozini enkulu ye-HPV. Oku kungenxa yokuba usulelo lwe-HPV 'olunobungozi obukhulu' lunokukhula lube ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ukuba alunyangwa. Ii-Pap smears kunye novavanyo lwe-HPV zinokubona utshintsho olungaphambi komhlaza kwiiseli kwaye zithintele umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. I-HPV inokubangela iintsumpa zesini kubafazi.

Indlela i-HPV echaphazela ngayo amadoda

Kumadoda, iingozi zempilo ezivela kwi-HPV ziphantsi kunezabasetyhini. Amadoda nawo anokufumana iintsumpa zesini, kodwa uninzi lwezifo ziyaphela ngokwazo . I-HPV inokubangela umhlaza welungu lobudoda, i-anus, kunye nentloko nentamo, kodwa ezi azixhaphakanga . Ngenxa yoko, uvavanyo lwe-HPV kunye ne-Pap smears azikhuthazwa ngamadoda (ngaphandle kovavanyo lwe-anal Pap lwe-MSM).

Zithini iingxaki zosulelo lwe-HPV?

Eyona ngxaki inkulu ye-HPV ngumhlaza. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza olunxulunyaniswa ne-HPV . Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza azifumaneki lula. Ziquka:

• Umhlaza wempundu
• Umhlaza wepenis
• Umhlaza womqala
• Umhlaza wesisu
• Umhlaza weVulvar

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba une-HPV – nokuba iluhlobo 'olunobungozi' – musa ukucinga ukuba uza kuba nalo mhlaza .

Iintsumpa zesini yenye ingxaki ye-HPV. Zinokuba zirhawuzelela, zingakhululeki, kwaye ziphazamise ubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwezo mpawu, iintsumpa zesini azinabungozi kangako.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokubona usulelo lwe-HPV?

Iintsumpa zesisu kunye neentsumpa kwezinye iindawo zomzimba zihlala zibonwa ngugqirha xa zibonwa. Ngenxa yokuba iintlobo zeHPV 'ezinobungozi obukhulu' azibangeli zimpawu, uya kufumanisa kuphela ukuba unosulelo nge-Pap smear eqhelekileyo okanye uvavanyo lweHPV.

• I-Pap smear: Oku kujonga umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kunye neeseli ezingaphambi komhlaza ezinokuthi zibe ngumhlaza ukuba azinyangwa. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko phantse uhlala ubangelwa yi-HPV 'enobungozi obuphezulu'.
• Uvavanyo lwe-HPV: Oku kunokuchonga ngokuthe ngqo ukubakho kweentlobo ze-HPV 'ezinobungozi obukhulu', oko kukuthi, iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezinokubangela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ukuba azinyangwa.

Kukho ezinye iindlela ezinokubona iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokubangelwa lusulelo lwe-HPV:

• I-Colposcopy: Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela olu vavanyo ukuba i-Pap smear yakho ibonisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukuba une-HPV positive. Kolu vavanyo, umlomo wesibeleko sakho uyakhuliswa ngesixhobo esikhanyayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-colposcope. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubone naziphi na iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ngokucacileyo. Ugqirha angathatha isampuli encinci yeeseli aze ayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ahlole ukuba azikho na umhlaza okanye umhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy.
• Ukuhlolwa koMbono nge-Acetic Acid (VIA): Le ndlela isetyenziswa ngoogqirha abasebenza kwiindawo apho uvavanyo lwePap smears okanye lweHPV lungafumaneki lula. Kule ndlela, isisombululo esifana neviniga sisetyenziswa kwisibeleko, nto leyo eguqula naziphi na iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zibe mhlophe, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuzibona.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-HPV?

Khumbula, unyango alunakususa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane ye-HPV emzimbeni wakho . Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukususa iintsumpa ezibonakalayo kwindawo yakho yesini okanye kwenye indawo emzimbeni wakho, kunye nokususa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko sakho.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• Utyando lweCryosurgery:Ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen engamanzi ukukhenkceza iintsumpa nokuzisusa kulungile, njengoko kunjalo nangokutshabalalisa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• Inkqubo yokususa iiseli ezingafunekiyo nge-electrosurgical excision (LEEP): I-wire loop ekhethekileyo isetyenziselwa ukususa iintsumpa okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko.
• I-Electrocautery: Umbane usetyenziselwa ukutshisa nokususa iintsumpa.
• Unyango lweLaser: Lusebenzisa ukukhanya okunamandla ukutshabalalisa iintsumpa okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• I-biopsy yekhowuni yemela ebandayo: Isiqwenga sezicubu zomlomo wesibeleko esimile okwekhowuni siyasuswa emlonyeni wesibeleko. Oku kusenokuba neeseli ezingaqhelekanga.
• Iikhrimu ezisetyenziswa ngugqirha: Kukho iikhrimu ezisetyenziswa ngugqirha ezinokusetyenziswa ngqo kwiintsumpa ukuze zibulawe, ezifana ne-imiquimod (Aldara®) kunye ne-podofilox (Condylox®).
• I-Trichloroacetic acid (TCA): Olu lunyango lwekhemikhali. Lusetyenziswa ekutshiseni iintsumpa.

Linani elincinci labantu abane-HPV 'enobungozi obuphezulu' abaphuhlisa iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ezingaqhelekanga ezifuna unyango lokuthintela ukuba zingabi ngumhlaza.

Ngaba i-HPV ingathintelwa?

Eyona ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo i-HPV kukuzikhwebula kwisondo. Kodwa kubantu abaninzi, oko akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke, iinjongo ezinokwenzeka ngakumbi kukunciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yi-HPV nokuthintela umhlaza wesibeleko ngokuphila ubomi obusempilweni besondo.

Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuthi:

• Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV. Ugonyo lwe-HPV lusebenza kakuhle ukuba ulufumana ngaphambi kokuba ube nesondo (malunga neminyaka eli-11 okanye eli-12). Nangona kunjalo, lunokukunceda ekukhuseleni kwiintlobo ze-HPV ongazange uzibone ngaphambili, nokuba sele uqalise isondo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela onokukhetha kuzo.
• Fumana uhlolo rhoqo kunye novavanyo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwe-HPV kunye neeseli ezingaqhelekanga kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Kufuneka uqale ukwenza i-Pap smears rhoqo ukususela kwiminyaka engama-21 ubudala. Buza ugqirha wakho ngeshedyuli yokuhlolwa efanelekileyo kuwe.
• Ziqhelise ngesondo elikhuselekileyo . Iikhondom kunye needama zamazinyo azisebenzi kakuhle ekuthinteleni i-HPV njengoko zisebenza ekuthinteleni izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) ezisasazeka ngesidoda okanye ulwelo lwangasese. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HPV isasazeka ngokunxibelelana kwesikhumba nolusu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuzisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo ngalo lonke ixesha usabelana ngesondo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wokufumana i-HPV.
• Khusela iqabane lakho (amaqabane akho)Xelela iqabane lakho ukuba une-HPV. Banokuvavanywa. Kusenokufuneka uyeke ukwabelana ngesondo ngelixa unyangwa iintsumpa zesini okanye i-HPV 'enobungozi obuphezulu'. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namanyathelo okhuseleko ekufuneka uwathathe ukuba unosulelo lwe-HPV.

Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndinosulelo lwe-HPV?

Ingqikelelo ye-HPV ngokubanzi ilungile kakhulu . Ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-HPV onayo kunye nendlela umzimba wakho okwazi ngayo ukulwa nosulelo. Ukuba unohlobo lwe-HPV 'olungenabungozi kangako' kwaye usempilweni, kukho ithuba elihle lokuba usulelo luza kuphela ngokwalo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-24 .

Kukho iintlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezinokubangela umhlaza. Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga kwezi ntlobo aze akucebise ngovavanyo olongezelelweyo okanye unyango ukuba kuyimfuneko. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kweentlobo 'ezinobungozi obukhulu' kunye novavanyo oluqhubekayo (umz., uvavanyo lwe-Pap oluqhelekileyo) kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko obangelwa yi-HPV.

Ngaba i-HPV inganyangeka?

Hayi. Akukho nyango lwe-HPV. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikulungele kakhulu ukuyisusa le ntsholongwane. Uninzi lwezifo ze-HPV (malunga ne-90%) ziyaphela kungekapheli unyaka okanye emibini.

Ngaba i-HPV iyosulela ubomi bonke?

Akunjalo ngokuyimfuneko. Logama nje unentsholongwane – nokuba uneempawu okanye awunazo – ungayisasaza ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Umzekelo, ukuba iintsumpa zakho zesini ziyaphela kodwa intsholongwane isesemzimbeni wakho, ungayidlulisela intsholongwane yeHPV ebangele ezo ntsumpa komnye umntu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Bona ugqirha ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi:

• Iintsumpa zesisu . Ezi ziintsumpa ezibonakala ngathi yi-cauliflower. Zinokuvela kwilungu lobufazi, i-anus, okanye emlonyeni.
• Iziphumo ze-Pap smear engaqhelekanga. Iziphumo ze-Pap smear engaqhelekanga zithetha ukuba unokufuna uvavanyo oluthe kratya lwe-HPV.

Kwakhona, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo olubonisa usulelo lwe-HPV kangaphi, olufana ne-Pap smear. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na inkxalabo onayo malunga ne-HPV, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo sempilo esenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nale ntsholongwane.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo embalwa malunga ne-HPV. Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba ndifuna unyango lwe-HPV?
• Ingaba olu hlobo lwe-HPV 'lunomngcipheko ophezulu'?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndivavanyelwe i-HPV rhoqo?
• Ngaba ndingayidlulisela i-HPV kwabanye abantu?
• Ndingayifumana i-HPV vaccine?

Ngaba iqabane lam kufuneka likhathazeke ukuba ndine-HPV?

I-HPV ixhaphake kakhulu.Phantse wonke umntu unayo okanye uza kuba nayo i-HPV ngaxa lithile ebomini bakhe. Uninzi lwezifo ze-HPV ziyaphela ngokwazo , njengoko umzimba wakho ulwa nentsholongwane.

Kunzima ukuqiniseka ukuba iqabane lakho lifumene i-HPV kuwe okanye komnye umntu. Kuba i-HPV ingathatha iminyaka ukubonisa iimpawu (ukuba iyazibonisa). Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukufumana uhlolo lwempilo rhoqo kwaye wabelane ngolwazi lwakho lwempilo neqabane lakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye usoyika xa ufunda nge-HPV (iHuman Papillomavirus). Usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi malunga nokuba iza kuyichaphazela njani impilo yakho kunye nobudlelwane bakho ngokwesondo. Ngaphambi kokuba woyike, thetha nogqirha wakho ngale ntsholongwane kunye nento eyenzayo ngokwenene. Musa ukucinga kwangoko ukuba uza kufumana umhlaza.

Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zeHPV ezifanayo. I-HPV, ebangela iintsumpa zesini, inokuba yintloni, kodwa intsholongwane ayinabungozi. Uninzi lwezifo zeHPV zisuswa ngumzimba wakho. Kwimeko apho umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukulwa nazo, ugqirha wakho uya kujonga iiseli ukuze abone utshintsho olunokukhokelela kumhlaza.

Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nogonyo lwe-HPV kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo. Yiyo leyo into ebaluleke kakhulu.

I- Human papillomavirus, i-HPV, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, iintsholongwane zesini, uvavanyo lwe-Pap, ugonyo lwe-HPV, izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo