Ngaba ukhathazekile ngomhlaza wolwimi? Masithethe ngawo!

Ngamanye amaxesha kuyoyikisa ukubona inxeba elincinci okanye ibala elulwimini lwakho, akunjalo? Okanye uziva ubunzima xa uginya ukutya? Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wolwimi. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni umhlaza wolwimi, yintoni ebangela loo nto, iimpawu zawo, unyango, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela kuwo.

Yintoni umhlaza wolwimi?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wolwimi kuxa iiseli zolwimi lwakho ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo kwaye ngokukhawuleza. Ulwimi lwethu luqala kufutshane nethambo elincinci apho isilevu sakho sidibana khona nentamo yakho (oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-hyoid bone, elithambo elingaphantsi kwesilevu sakho, apho intamo yakho iqala khona) kwaye ludlulele ezantsi komlomo wakho.

Ngoku khangela, lo mhlaza ubizwa ngamagama amabini kuxhomekeke ekubeni ukhula phi.

• Ukuba unesifo somhlaza ngaphambili kolwimi lwakho, onokuthi uwubone, oogqirha bawubiza ngokuba ngumhlaza womlomo okanye umhlaza wolwimi lomlomo.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza uvela ngaphakathi kolwimi, kufutshane nomphimbo , apho ungenakuwubona khona, ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we -oropharyngeal okanye umhlaza wesiseko solwimi . Oku kunzulu kancinci, ngoko ke kusenokungabi lula ukukubona.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza ezenzeka kulwimi?

Nangona kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza ezinokuvela elulwimini, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo yi-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Ii-squamous cells luhlobo lweeseli ezithe tyaba ezifumaneka kumaleko angaphandle eluswini lwethu. Cinga ngayo njengeplasta ephezu kodonga. I-SCC idla ngokuvela kwiindawo zomzimba ezihlala zichatshazelwa lilanga. Nangona kunjalo, inokuvela nakwiindawo ezifana nee-mucous membranes ngaphakathi emlonyeni, ezilusu oluthambileyo nolumanzi ngaphakathi emlonyeni.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le ntsholongwane yolwimi?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza wolwimi udla ngokungaqhelekanga . Ubangela ngaphantsi kwe-1% yomhlaza osandul’ ukufunyanwa kwilizwe elifana ne-United States. Nangona kunjalo, uthathwa njengohlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza phakathi komhlaza wentloko nentamo .

Enye into kukuba amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okufumana olu hlobo lomhlaza wolwimi kunabasetyhini . Kwakhona, luqheleke kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Ngoko ke kulungile ukuba uqaphele ngakumbi ngale nto njengoko ukhula.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wolwimi?

Okokuqala, iimpawu zomhlaza wolwimi azibonakali rhoqo. Nokuba umhlaza uyabonakala okanye awubonakali, kwaye ubonakala njani, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ithumba likuphi kwaye isifo sisasazeke kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwaphela.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa eziqhelekileyo zangaphandle ezinokubonakala:

• Amabala abomvu (oogqirha bawabiza ngokuba yi-"erythroplakia") okanye amabala amhlophe (``leukoplakia'') kulwimi lwakho. La macala asenokungaphumi ngokwawo.
• Iqhuma okanye ithumba ecaleni kolwimi eliphuma igazi lula .
• Isilonda esibomvu okanye esingwevu elulwimini esingapholiyo . Ukuba esi silonda asipholi emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kuya kufuneka ukrokre.

Ukongeza koku, ezinye iimpawu zingabonakala, ngoko ke hlala ulumkele ezi:

• Ukuziva ulusu lujiyile ngaphakathi emlonyeni.
• Umphimbo obuhlungu ongapheliyo (i-pharyngitis engapheliyo). Kuvakala ngathi umqala wakho uhlala ubuhlungu .
• Intlungu yentamo .
• Intlungu yendlebe (oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba umhlaza wolwimi usasazeke emqaleni).
• Imvakalelo yokuba kukho into ebambeke emqaleni.
• Ukungabi namandla kolwimi okanye ezinye iindawo zomlomo.
• Umsindo ovuthayo kulwimi.
• Ubunzima okanye intlungu xa uhlafuna okanye uginya ukutya.
• Ukurhawuzelela kwelizwi , okanye utshintsho kwilizwi.
• Ukudumba komhlathi.
• Amazinyo akhululekileyo.
• Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwiimazinyo okufakelwa owasebenzisayo (njengokuba azisalungeli kakuhle).

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, nceda ubone ugqirha.

Zithini izizathu zomhlaza wolwimi?

Iingcali zisazama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela oku. Kodwa into eziyaziyo kukuba umhlaza wolwimi uyenzeka xa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ziqala ukukhula zingalawuleki. Isizathu sokuba abanye abantu balufumane kwaye abanye bangalufumani, kunye nesizathu sokuba ezi seli zikhula zingalawuleki, zisafundwa. Abaphandi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ezi mhlaza zibangelwa lutshintsho kwiijini (ii-DNA mutations) ezichaphazela ulwimi . Ezi jini zifana neencwadi zemiyalelo kwiiseli zethu, kwaye iingxaki ziyavela xa loo miyalelo ingahambi kakuhle.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umhlaza wolwimi?

Iingcali zichonge izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wolwimi. Ezi zinto sizibiza ngokuba zizinto ezinobungozi. Ezona zinto zimbini zibalulekileyo nezinamandla kukusebenzisa utywala kakhulu nokutshaya kakhulu (ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala). Ukuba unazo zombini ezi zinto, umngcipheko wakho uphezulu nangakumbi. Cinga ngako, iikhemikhali eziyingozi kwicuba zonakalisa iiseli zolwimi lwakho, kwaye utywala bunokwenza loo monakalo ube mbi ngakumbi. Kufana nokugalela i-asidi enxebeni.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zezi:

• Ukosuleleka yi-HPV (Human Papillomavirus): Le yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza wolwimi. Ayifane ibangele nomhlaza wolwimi lomlomo. I-HPV yintsholongwane eqhelekileyo kwaye ayisoloko ibangela zimpawu.
• Ukuhlafuna icuba: Ukuhlafuna icuba nge-betel nut nako kuyingozi enkulu. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo kwilizwe lethu, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqatshelwe kakhulu oku.
• Ukuhlafuna i-betel nut: Nokuba ukuhlafuna i-betel nut yodwa kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza wolwimi.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza womlomo okanye we-oropharyngeal: Imbali yosapho nayo idlala indima.
• Wakha waba nomhlaza ngaphambili (ingakumbi i-squamous cell carcinoma).

Oogqirha bawuxilonga njani umhlaza wolwimi? (Uxilongo)

Oogqirha bamazinyo badla ngokuba ngabokuqala ukurhanela ukuba unomhlaza wolwimi . Oku kusenokuba ngexesha lovavanyo lwamazinyo oluqhelekileyo, uvavanyo lomhlaza womlomo, okanye xa ugqirha wosapho lwakho (uGqirha woNyango oluPhambili - PCP) ekuxilonga ngesinye isifo.

Ukuze ufumane okungakumbi, ugqirha wakho angenza oku kulandelayo:

• Kuza kukhanya ukukhanya okukhethekileyo (ukukhanya okukhanyayo) emlonyeni wakho ukuze kukhangelwe naziphi na izicwili ezingaqhelekanga.
• Ityhubhu encinci neguquguqukayo (endoscope) enekhamera kunye nokukhanya okuqhotyoshelwe kuyo isetyenziselwa ukujonga ngaphakathi emlonyeni nasemqaleni. Oku kuvumela umbono olungileyo ngaphakathi.
• Ama-lymph nodes entanyeni ayajongwa ukuba akadumbanga na. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi 'kukudumba'. Oku kunokudumba xa kukho umhlaza.

Ukuba ugqirha ubona iimpawu zomhlaza wolwimi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba uya kuyalela ukuba kwenziwe i-biopsy . Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu ezichaphazelekayo aze azithumele kwilebhu. Apho, ingcali yezifo ijonga izicubu phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze ibone ukuba zinazo na iiseli zomhlaza. Kufana nomcuphi ofuna ubungqina!

Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo zomfanekiso ezifana nezi ukuze abone ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye mkhulu kangakanani:

• I-CT scan (CT - i-computed tomography scans)
• I-MRI (i-magnetic resonance imaging) iskeni
• Iskeni yePET (iskeni yepositron emission tomography)

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zomhlaza wolwimi? (Unyango)

Unyango lomhlaza wolwimi luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kangakanani kuyaqwalaselwa. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango eziphambili:

• Utyando lomhlaza wolwimi:Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukususa inxalenye okanye lonke ulwimi (i-"glossectomy"). Ngamanye amaxesha, "ukususwa kwentamo" kwenziwa ukunciphisa ukusasazeka komhlaza kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-"metastasis"). Cinga ngako njengokunqumla isebe kumthi obolileyo ukuze lingasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Unyango ngemitha: Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa unyango ngemitha ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando. Kodwa rhoqo, lunikwa emva kotyando ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziswa njengonyango olunye ukuba umhlaza sele usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Unyango ngamayeza: Oku kuquka i-chemotherapy , i-immunotherapy , kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo . Zonke ezi zinto zisebenza ukulwa nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.

Lithini ithuba lokuchacha ukuba unesifo somhlaza wolwimi? (Outlook)

Umhlaza wolwimi unokuba luncedo ngakumbi ukuba ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa kwangethuba . Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha kwangoko ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha, ibala, okanye isilonda elulwimini lwakho esingayi kuphiliswa. Okukhona ulinda ixesha elide, kokukhona kunzima ukunyanga.

Emva kotyando lomhlaza wolwimi, unyango lokuthetha kunye notyando lokwakha kwakhona kunokukunceda ukuba uphinde ukwazi ukuthetha nokuginya. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki, kukho iingcali ezinokukunceda. Kungathatha ixesha, kodwa ngokuziqhelanisa, ungabuyela esiqhelweni.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kumhlaza wolwimi?

Izinga lokusinda komntu onomhlaza wolwimi lixhomekeke ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo.

La 'mazinga okusinda' athelekisa abantu abanohlobo oluthile lomhlaza kunye nomngcipheko wawo kwabo bakwindawo yonke. Umzekelo, ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza liyi-93%, oko kuthetha ukuba abantu abangama-93 kwabayi-100 abanolo hlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza basaphila iminyaka emihlanu emva kokuba befunyaniswe benalo.

Kodwa khumbula, la mazinga okusinda aqikelelwa nje kuphela. Awakuxeleli ngokuthe ngqo ukuba uza kuphila ixesha elingakanani okanye loluphi unyango oluza kusebenza kakuhle kuwe. Umzimba womntu wonke kunye nenkqubo yesifo zahlukile. Thetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.

Ungayithintela njani umhlaza wolwimi? (Ukuthintela)

Umhlaza wolwimi awunakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho :

• Ziphephe icuba notywala:Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umhlaza wolwimi kukuphepha icuba (iicuba, ii-beedis, ii-cigar, icuba lokuhlafuna) kunye notywala. Ezi zezona zinto zimbini ziphambili ezibangela umngcipheko. Kwanasemva kweminyaka yokuyeka, umngcipheko wokufumana zonke iintlobo zomhlaza womlomo nomqala unokuncipha kakhulu.
• Fumana ugonyo lwe-HPV: I-HPV yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza womqala. Iqhelekile kwaye ayibangeli zimpawu. Ugonyo lwe-HPV lunokukhusela umhlaza wolwimi, kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko, ipenis, i-vagina kunye ne-anus. Buza ugqirha wakho ngale nto.
• Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo: Zama ukufumana izondlo zakho ekutyeni okutsha, okungalungiswanga. Nciphisa inyama ebomvu, iziselo ezineswekile, kunye nokutya okucutshungulwe kakhulu. Buza ugqirha wakho ngesicwangciso sesondlo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
• Bona ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo: Ngeli xesha lokudibana, ugqirha wamazinyo wakho unokwenza uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza womlomo. Ukongeza, impilo entle yomlomo iluncedo kwimpilo nakwimpilo-ntle yomzimba wakho wonke.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha, i-blister, ibala, izilonda, okanye utshintsho lombala kulwimi lwakho, ingakumbi ukuba sele likhona kangangeeveki ezingaphezu kwezimbini , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Musa ukuyityeshela nje. Isenokungabi yinto enzulu, kodwa kungcono ukuyihlola.

Ukongeza, bona ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo ukuze acoceke aze ahlolwe. Kubantu abaninzi, oko kuthetha ukuba rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wamazinyo uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi ngokweemfuno zakho. Ukuba kukho into ekrokrisayo, banokukwazi ukuyibona ngexesha lokuhlolwa rhoqo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza wolwimi, ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Uyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela ukuba le thumba ivele?
• Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke? Ukuba kunjalo, ude ufikelele phi?
• Ngawaphi amanyathelo am alandelayo? Ndingenza ntoni?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango endiludingayo?
• Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndicebe ukuthatha ikhefu emsebenzini okanye esikolweni?
• Ndiza kwazi nini ukuba unyango luphumelele?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango? Yintoni enokwenziwa ngazo?

Akupheleli nje kule mibuzo, kodwa nantoni na onayo engqondweni, nokuba mathandabuzo mancinci, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha. Bakho ukukunceda.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika, udanile, mhlawumbi ude ube buhlungu kakhulu xa usiva ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unomhlaza wolwimi. Kodwa ungoyiki, ungoyiki.Ugqirha wakho ukho ukukunceda. Banokukuthetha nawe malunga neendlela zonyango kwaye bafumane izixhobo zokukuxhasa kuyo yonke inyathelo.

Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango zizinto ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubona indawo entsha, iqhuma okanye nantoni na ekrokrisayo elulwimini lwakho - xelela ugqirha wakho. Khawuleza, sindisa ubomi! Awuwedwa, sonke silapha ukukunceda kolu hambo.

Umhlaza wolwimi, umhlaza wolwimi, umhlaza womlomo, iimpawu zomhlaza, izizathu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-HPV