Ingakanani intsholongwane ye-HIV emzimbeni wakho? Masifunde ngomthwalo wentsholongwane ye-HIV ngendlela elula!

Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile xa ufumanisa ukuba une-HIV. Kodwa ugqirha wakho uhlala ethetha ngale `(HIV Viral Load)`. Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi unemibuzo emininzi malunga nokuba yintoni `(HIV Viral Load)`, ithetha ukuthini, kwaye kutheni ivavanywa. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo yonke le nto ngokulula nangokucacileyo.

Yintoni i-HIV Viral Load? Ithetha ukuthini ngokwenene?

Ngamafutshane, umthwalo wentsholongwane ye-HIV sisilinganiselo sokuba ingakanani i-HIV (i-Human Immunodeficiency Virus) egazini lakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, sisixa sentsholongwane esinokufunyanwa kuvavanyo lwegazi. Ugqirha wakho usebenzisa olu vavanyo ukubona ukuba unyango lwakho lwe-antiretroviral (ART) lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.

Ngoku khangela, i-HIV lusulelo lwentsholongwane oluhlala ixesha elide oluye lwenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba ethu, nto leyo enciphisa amandla ethu okulwa nesifo. Ngoko ke, umthwalo ophezulu wentsholongwane uthetha ukuba intsholongwane isebenza kakhulu emzimbeni wakho kwaye yenza ezinye iikopi. Oko kuthetha ukuba isifo sinokuba nzima kancinci. Kodwa, umthwalo ophantsi wentsholongwane uthetha ukuba inani lentsholongwane egazini lakho lincinci kakhulu. Esikuthembayo sonke, into oogqirha abazama ukuyenza kukusebenzisa la mayeza `(ART)` ukunciphisa intsholongwane ukuya kwinqanaba elingenakubonwa nangovavanyo lwangoku, oko kukuthi, kwinqanaba "elingabonwayo" .

Zisetyenziselwa ntoni iimvavanyo zomthwalo wentsholongwane?

Ukuba une-HIV, oogqirha basebenzisa la maxabiso omthwalo wentsholongwane ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo:

• Jonga ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwakho lwe-antiretroviral (ART) . Oku kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba amayeza ayasebenza na okanye kufuneka wenze utshintsho.
• Eli xabiso linceda ugqirha wakho ukuba enze izigqibo zonyango . Lisenokutshintsha nohlobo okanye umthamo wamayeza akho.
• Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukubona ukosuleleka yi-HIV kwiintsana ezizelwe ngoomama abane-HIV besebancinci .
• Ngamanye amaxesha ikwasetyenziswa ukuqinisekisa usulelo lwe-HIV kwangethuba . Nangona kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezinokubona i-HIV, usenokuba nazo kutshanje:
• Ukuba bekukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokufumana i-HIV.
• Ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba ube sesichengeni se-HIV kwaye ubonisa iimpawu ze-HIV .
• Oku kukwakunceda ukuba ujonge ukuba amayeza akho uwasela njengoko kuyalelwe na , kuba kuphela xa uwasela amayeza akho ngokuchanekileyo apho umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane uncipha khona.

Khawuthelekelele, umhlobo wakho uSumit une-HIV. Ukuba usela amayeza akhe (i-ART) njengoko eyalelwe ngugqirha, umthwalo wakhe wentsholongwane uya kuncipha kancinci kancinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba amayeza ayasebenza! Kodwa ukuba akawusebenzisi amayeza akhe, umthwalo wakhe wentsholongwane unokwanda kwakhona. Yiyo loo nto olu vavanyo lubalulekile.

Olu vavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane lwenziwa nini?

Xa ufunyaniswa une-HIV okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uya kwenza olu vavanyo lomthwalo wentsholongwane. Emva koko, ukuze abone ukuba usabela njani kunyango lwakho, umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane uya kuhlolwa kunye nenani lakho le-CD4 (uhlobo lweseli yomzimba). La maxabiso anokuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba amayeza akho asebenza kakuhle kangakanani na kwaye nokuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho ekufuneka lwenziwe kwisicwangciso sakho sonyango.

Ngokwesiqhelo, uya kuba novavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane kwiinyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqala i-ART. Emva koko, kuya kufuneka olu vavanyo luphindwe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezintandathu . Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ugqirha wakho unokulungisa olu cwangciso ngokusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Lusebenza njani uvavanyo lwe-HIV Viral Load?

Kwilabhoratri, ingcali iza kuvavanya isampuli yegazi lakho ukuze ibone ubungakanani bentsholongwane yakho ye-HIV. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiNucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) lusetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ubungakanani bezinto zemfuza ze-HIV (RNA) egazini lakho. Cinga nge-NAAT njengeglasi yokukhulisa iintsholongwane. Ingabona nokuba zincinci kakhulu iintsholongwane.

Ngaba kufuneka ndilungiselele nantoni na ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Hayi, akukho mfuneko yokuba wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukulungiselela olu vavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane. Ungatya kwaye uthathe amayeza akho njengesiqhelo.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa ubhala uvavanyo?

Ugqirha okanye umongikazi uza kusebenzisa inaliti encinci ukuthatha isampuli yegazi kumthambo osengalweni yakho. Usenokuziva iintlungu okanye ukungakhululeki xa inaliti ifakwa kwaye ikhutshwa. Ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Emva koko isampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo lwe-HIV viral load?

Iingozi zolu vavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane ziphantsi kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, kunokuba nzima kancinci ukuba kufuneka uhlabe inaliti ngaphezu kwesihlandlo esinye ukuze ufumane umthambo. Ngaphandle koko, nazi ezinye zeengozi ezincinci ezinokwenzeka xa uthatha igazi:

• Ukuziva utyhafile, okanye ngathi uza kulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Kulungile ukuba nomkrwelo omkhulu, ingqokelela yegazi phantsi kolusu (`(Hematoma)`).
• Usulelo (oku kunqabile kakhulu).
• Ukopha okungapheliyo (oku nako kunqabile kakhulu).

Musa ukoyika ezi zinto, kuba azenzeki rhoqo.

Zithini iziphumo zovavanyo lomthwalo wentsholongwane?

Oogqirha baxela umthwalo wentsholongwane njengenani leekopi ze-HIV RNA kwi-milliliter nganye yeplasma (inxalenye yolwelo egazini lakho). Oku kudla ngokubhalwa njenge (iikopi/mL) okanye (iiyunithi/mL) kunye nenani elifanelekileyo.

Iziphumo zingaqala kwiikopi ezingaphantsi kwama-20/mL ukuya kwiikopi ezingaphezu kwe-100,000/mL. Nangona kunjalo, okubaluleke ngaphezu kwenani elinye kukuba iziphumo zakho zitshintsha njani ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukuba umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane uyehla , oko kuthetha ukuba i-ART yakho isebenza kakuhle. Ukuba umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane uyenyuka , ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukutshintsha amayeza akho.

Usenokufumana nesiphumo esithi "Negative" . Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo alukwazanga ukubona i-HIV `(RNA)`. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Ayibonakali".

Ngaba kukho umthwalo wentsholongwane "oqhelekileyo" kwi-HIV?

Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba ngumthwalo wentsholongwane ye-HIV "oqhelekileyo". Into ebalulekileyo kukuba amanqanaba akho ehla ngokuhamba kwexesha. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane wehle uye kwinqanaba "elingabonakaliyo" (phakathi kweekopi ezingama-20 nama-50/mL, kuxhomekeke kwilebhu).

"Ukungabonakali" akuthethi ukuba uphilile – usenokuba "nentsholongwane" ukuba uthatha ezinye iimvavanyo ze-HIV. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HIV ingalala kwiiseli zakho ize iphinde isebenze xa uyeka ukuthatha i-ART. "Ukungabonakali" kuthetha ukuba une-viral load ephantsi kakhulu, oko kuthetha ukuba i-ART yakho isebenza kakuhle. Lo gama nje i-HIV egazini lakho ikwinqanaba "elingabonakaliyo", kwaye i-ART yakho iqhubeka isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, awunakudlulisela i-HIV komnye umntu ngesondo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu!

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ne-viral load engama-200?

Ukuba umthamo wakho wentsholongwane ungaphantsi kwama-200, kuthiwa "kukuncitshiswa kwentsholongwane." Oku kuthetha ukuba unamanqanaba aphantsi kakhulu e-HIV egazini lakho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ukuba umthamo wakho wentsholongwane uhlala ungaphantsi kwama-200 eekopi/mL, amathuba akho okufumana i-HIV kumntu owabelana naye ngesondo phantse abe yi-zero. Ngaphambili, nantoni na engaphantsi kwama-200 eekopi/mL yayithathwa njenge "engafumanekiyo." Kodwa uvavanyo olutsha nolunobuzaza lunokufumanisa namanqanaba aphantsi e-HIV—phakathi kwama-20 nama-50 eekopi/mL. Ngoko ke ngoku "engafumanekiyo" ithetha into efana naleyo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukwazi iziphumo?

Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ulindele nini iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lomthamo wentsholongwane kunye nendlela oza kuzifumana ngayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neveki okanye ezimbini ukufumana iziphumo.

Ndingaqhagamshelana nini nogqirha wam?

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, nxibelelana nogqirha wakho. Kwakhona, ukuba uneempawu zosulelo - umzekelo, iintlungu, ukudumba, ubomvu, umkhuhlane - yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Ngaba ndiyayidinga i-PrEP ukuba umthwalo wentsholongwane weqabane lam ulawulwa?

Ukuba awunayo i-HIV kwaye iqabane lakho line-HIV, kukhuselekile ukuthatha i-PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha i-PrEP ukuba umthwalo wentsholongwane weqabane lakho ngamanye amaxesha "uyabonwa" okanye ukuba ngamanye amaxesha bayayitsiba imithamo ye-ART.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba inqanaba lakhe le-HIV "alibonakali" kwaye uthatha i-ART yakhe ngokuchanekileyo, ngaphandle kokusilela kwiidosi, ungacinga ngokungayithathi i-PrEP. Nangona kunjalo, iqabane lakho kufuneka liqhubeke lithatha i-ART yalo ngokuchanekileyo kwaye lihlolwe rhoqo umthamo wentsholongwane yalo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokosulelwa yi-HIV.

Khumbula, ingcamango ethi "Ayibonakali = Ayidluliseli" (U=U) ngoku yamkelwe ngokubanzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba umntu one-HIV une-viral load engabonakaliyo, akanako ukudlulisela i-HIV ngokunxibelelana ngesondo. Oku kunceda kakhulu abantu abaphila ne-HIV kunye nabantu ababathandayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kwinto esiyithethileyo (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Umthamo wentsholongwane ye-HIV yindlela elungileyo yokulinganisa ukuba i-HIV isebenza kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Uvavanyo lomthamo wentsholongwane yindlela elungileyo yokuba ugqirha wakho ajonge impilo yakho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamayeza owaselayo.

Okwangoku kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zonyango lwe-antiretroviral (ART). Ukuba amayeza akho awasebenzi kakuhle njengoko ubungathanda, okanye ukuba ayeka ukusebenza emva kwexesha elithile, kusenokubakho ezinye iindlela zokulawula umthwalo wakho wentsholongwane kwakhona. Ungaze ulahle ithemba.

Qiniseka ukuba uyaqonda ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-viral load zithetha ukuthini kwaye zichaphazela njani isicwangciso sakho sonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba nolwazi ngempilo yakho kwaye usebenzisane nogqirha wakho.

I- HIV, umthamo wentsholongwane egazini, i-ART, unyango lwe-antiretroviral, uvavanyo lwe-HIV, okungafumanekiyo, i-U=U