Eyona ilungileyo emehlweni akho! Masifunde yonke into malunga nogqirha wamehlo.

Uyazi ukuba amehlo akho axabiseke kangakanani. La mehlo mabini amancinci asinceda sibone eli hlabathi lihle, sibone ubuso babantu esibathandayo, sifunde incwadi, konke oku. Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukugcina la mehlo mabini ephilile kwaye ephilile. Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo ethu afumana iingxaki ezincinci, ngamanye amaxesha anokujika abe ziimeko ezinzima. Kulapho ke sibona khona Kufuneka uncedo lwengcali yamehlo , oko kukuthi, `(ingcali yamehlo)` . Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani lo `(ingcali yamehlo)`, wenza ntoni, kwaye kufuneka simbone nini umntu onjalo.

Ngubani lo gqirha wamehlo?

Ngamafutshane, `(Ingcali yezifo zamehlo)` ngugqirha ofumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lokuxilonga nokunyanga zonke izifo zamehlo, aze enze notyando ukuba kuyimfuneko. Bafana noogqirha `(Ingcali yezonyango)` (`(MD - Ugqirha wezonyango)`) okanye `(Osteopathy)` oogqirha (`(DO - Ugqirha we-Osteopathy)`). Oku kuthetha ukuba bafumene uqeqesho olupheleleyo lwezonyango kwaye kuphela emva koko bafumana ulwazi kwicandelo lamehlo.

Usenokuba ukhe weva ngo "Gqirha wamehlo" kunye "noGqirha wamehlo". Bobabini banikezela ngeenkonzo zokhathalelo lwamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, "uGqirha wamehlo" ngumntu obonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo, ingakumbi unyango lwezonyango notyando. Siza kuthetha ngakumbi ngaloo mahluko kamva.

Ungaba njani yingcali yamehlo?

Ukuba yingcali efana nale akulula , kufuna ukuzinikela nexesha elininzi. Khawucinge nje,

• Okokuqala, kufuneka ugqibezele isidanga sesayensi seminyaka emine (ngokuqhelekileyo kunye nezifundo zokulungiselela ngaphambi kwezonyango ).
• Emva koko kufuneka ubhalise kwisikolo sezonyango uze ufumane isidanga sezonyango (nokuba yi-`(MD)` okanye `(DO)`).
• Akupheleli apho. Okulandelayo, kufuneka wenze uqeqesho olulinganiselweyo lonyaka omnye.
• Emva koko, kufuneka udlule ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunyango lwezonyango notyando lwamehlo .

Kuphela emva kokwenza konke oku nokufumana ilayisenisi yezonyango kwiibhodi zikarhulumente ezifanelekileyo apho umntu anokuthi asebenze njengo `(Ophthalmologist)`. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa uya kwi `(Ophthalmologist)`, unyangwa ngumntu onolwazi olunzulu noqeqesho lwamehlo.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yamehlo?

Kulungile, masibone ukuba lo gqirha okanye inenekazi lenza ntoni emehlweni ethu. Banokubonelela ngononophelo olupheleleyo lwamehlo. Oko kuthetha ukuba:

• Uvavanyo lwamehlo olupheleleyo: Ukujonga ukuba amehlo akho anjani, ukuba aphilile na, nokuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki.
• Iinkonzo zokubona: Siza kugqiba ukuba ufuna iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana size sikunike amayeza.
• Ukuxilonga nokunyanga izifo zamehlo nezinye izifo ezichaphazela amehlo: Umzekelo, umntu onesifo seswekile unokuba nomonakalo emehlweni akhe. Ngumsebenzi wengcali yamehlo ukuxilonga nokunyanga ezo meko kwangethuba. Bakwanyanga neemeko ezifana ne-cataracts kunye ne-glaucoma.
• Ukunika amayeza : Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banika amayeza afana namaconsi amehlo kunye namayeza aselwayo.
• Utyando lwamehlo: Ezinye iimeko zamehlo, ezifana ne-cataracts, zifuna utyando. Olu tyando lunokwenziwa yingcali yamehlo.

Sifanele siye nini kwingcali yamehlo?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza, "Ndingambona nini ugqirha wamehlo?" Ngokwesiqhelo, ungadinga uncedo lwengcali yamehlo kwezi meko zilandelayo:

Kwiingxaki zamehlo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezifo ezincinci

• Ukuba awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo xa umgama (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-" Hyperopia "), khawucinge ukuba unobunzima bokufunda inombolo yebhasi xa umgama.
• Ukuba ubona izinto ezikufutshane, umzekelo, incwadi okanye iphephandaba, kwaye oonobumba babonakala bengacacanga (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Myopia)`). Abanye abantu kufuneka babambe iphephandaba mgama ukuze balifunde, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo.
• Ngamanye amaxesha umfanekiso ofanayo ubonakala ngathi mbini, okanye ugqwethekile, okanye woluliwe (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Astigmatism". Oku kunokubangelwa kukutshintsha okuncinci kwimo yelensi yeliso).
• Kwasebuntwaneni, abanye abantwana baba nengxaki apho elinye iliso liba buthathaka kunelinye , ngokungathi bayavilapha. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Amblyopia" okanye "iliso elivilaphayo." Ukuba oku akunyangeki ngokukhawuleza, umbono okwiliso elo unokuphazamiseka ngonaphakade.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, njengoko ixesha lihamba, inxalenye yeliso efana nejeli (i-vitreous) inokwahlukana (ukususwa kwe-vitreous yangasemva - i-PVD). Oku kunokubangela ukuba amachaphaza amnyama okanye izinto ezifana ne-net zintante phambi kweliso.
• Kukho izifo zamehlo eziza nokwaluphala, umzekelo `(Macular Degeneration)` (ukuba buthathaka kwenxalenye ephakathi ye-retina njengoko sikhula). Kule meko, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo ye-retina engaphakathi kweliso iyabuthathaka, kwaye izinto ezibonakala zingqalile ziqala ukufiphala.

Ukuba kufuneka utyando okanye unyango olukhethekileyo

Ukongeza, ukuba udinga utyando lwamehlo okanye unyango olukhethekileyo,Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone i-`(Ophthalmologist)`. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ii-cataracts (ii-cataracts) zizinto ezenzeka kubantu abaninzi njengoko bekhula. Kanye njengokuba ilensi yekhamera iba namafu, ilensi engaphakathi kweliso iba namafu.
• Ukuba une-glaucoma, esi sisifo esiyingozi. Oku kungenxa yokuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso luyanda, lonakalise umthambo we-optic, kwaye kancinci kancinci ubangela ukulahleka kokubona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho zimpawu ekuqaleni.
• Ukuba i-retina ihlukanisiwe (`(Ukuhlukana kwe-Retinal)`). Le yimeko engxamisekileyo! Ukuba inxalenye efana nefilimu engaphakathi kweliso iyahlukana, inokukhokelela ekubeni yimfama ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuba kukho isifo (`(Isifo seCorneal)`) kwi-cornea yeliso . I-cornea yinxalenye ecacileyo engaphambili kweliso.
• Ukuba isifo seswekile siyayonakalisa imithambo yegazi emehlweni (Diabetes-related Retinopathy). Abantu abanesifo seswekile banokonakalisa imithambo yegazi emincinci emehlweni abo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba bophe igazi kwaye kwakheke imithambo yegazi emitsha. Oku kunokuchaphazela nokubona.
• Ukuba une-strabismus, unokufuna utyando ukuze uyilungise.
• Ukuba iliso lonzakele kakhulu, umzekelo ukuba into ingena elisweni okanye ukuba libethwe kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abazibuza wona. "Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?" Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka iminyaka yakho, naziphi na ezinye iimeko zempilo onazo (ezifana nesifo seswekile), kunye nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onengxaki yamehlo. Nazi ezinye iingcebiso ngokubanzi:

• Abantwana abancinci: De baqale isikolo, ugqirha wabantwana womntwana wakho uza kujonga amehlo abo rhoqo xa begonywa (utyelelo lomntwana ophilileyo), aze emva koko abe kanye okanye kabini ngonyaka.
• Abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40: Ngokwesiqhelo idla ngokuba kanye kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Kodwa kungekudala ukuba ubona utshintsho embonweni.
• Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-54 ubudala: Kanye emva kweminyaka emi-2 ukuya kwemine. Eli lixesha apho uninzi lwabantu luqala khona ukudinga iiglasi zokufunda.
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Kanye ngonyaka omnye ukuya kwemithathu. Oku kungenxa yokuba kule minyaka, umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezifana ne-cataracts, i-glaucoma, kunye ne-macular degeneration uphezulu.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba unesifo seswekile, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona umonakalo wamehlo onxulumene nesifo seswekile (i-Diabetic Retinopathy) kwangethuba, ukuze unyango lunikwe kwaye umbono wakho ugcinwe.

Ukuba sele unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka ufike kangaphi. Landela loo miyalelo.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni akho ngolu hlobo, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza!

Ungaze ulibale oku. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni wakho okanye iimpawu ezintsha, ungalibazisi. Bona ugqirha wamehlo okanye omnye ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza. Ezinye izifo zamehlo zifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo.

• Ukuba amehlo akho asabuhlungu emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.
• Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso ubonakala ungacacanga, okanye ukuba ubonakala uncipha kancinci kancinci.
• Ukubona izinto ezimbini ngaxeshanye (`(Diplopia)`).
• Amehlo abomvu kwaye awayi kuphinda aphele, ingakumbi xa eneentlungu.
• Ukuba amehlo akho abuhlungu kangangokuba awukwazi ukujonga ukukhanya, okanye ukuba amehlo akho aziva ngathi ayakrazula (`(Photophobia)`).
• Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba umbono wakho uya usiba mandundu kancinci kancinci kwaye awukwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo.
• Ukuba uqala ukubona amachaphaza amnyama amatsha, iintambo, okanye ukukhanya okukhanyayo phambi kwamehlo akho, oku kungaba ziimpawu zokuqhekeka kwe-retina.

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Kuza kulunga." Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso.

Ungambuza ntoni ugqirha?

Xa sisiya kugqirha, ngamanye amaxesha siyalibala ukubuza izinto ezisezingqondweni zethu. Ngoko ke, xa usiya kugqirha wamehlo, khumbula le mibuzo. Ungayibhala phantsi ukuba uyafuna.

• Ndifanele ndihlolwe amehlo kangaphi?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo kwimeko yam yamehlo?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando lwamehlo? Ukuba kunjalo, yintoni endinokuyilindela?
• Ukuba ndityandwa, kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuze ndiphile? Yintoni endifanele ndiyilumkele ngeli xesha?
• Zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubangela olu nyango?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndenze naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela endiphila ngayo ukuze ndigcine amehlo am esempilweni?

Musa ukoyika ukubuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Ukuyiqonda kakuhle imeko yakho kuya kunceda unyango lwakho luphumelele.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-`(Ophthalmologist)` kunye ne-`(Optometrist)`?

Le yindawo edidayo kubantu abaninzi. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, "ingcali yamehlo" kunye "nengcali yamehlo" bobabini basebenza ngamehlo, kodwa kukho umahluko othile kuqeqesho lwabo kunye noko banokukwenza.

• Ingcali yezamehlo : Yile nto besithetha ngayo kulo lonke eli nqaku. Banesidanga esivela kwisikolo sezonyango (MD okanye DO) kwaye bade bafumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo lotyando lweliso. Banokuxilonga nokunyanga nasiphi na isifo samehlo, banike amayeza, baze benze notyando lwamehlo. Ngabo banyanga kakhulu izifo zamehlo ezintsonkothileyo.

• (Ugqirha wamehlo)Iingcali zamehlo: Aba ngabantu abanesidanga esibizwa ngokuba yi-"Doctor of Optometry - OD". Banokuhlola amehlo, baxilonge iingxaki zokubona ('Myopia, Hyperopia, Astigmatism'), baze babhale iiglasi kunye ne-"contact lenses". Banokuchonga nokunyanga ezinye izifo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo (ezifana nosulelo lwamehlo). Nangona kunjalo, "uGqirha wamehlo" akenzi utyando lwamehlo. Ukuba "uGqirha wamehlo" uvakalelwa kukuba amehlo akho afuna utyando okanye unyango olukhethekileyo olufumaneka kuphela kwi-"Ophthalmologist" kuphela, uya kukuthumela kwi-"Ophthalmologist".

Ngamafutshane, ungaya kugqirha wamehlo ukuze uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo okanye ufumane iiglasi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo esifana ne-cataracts okanye i-glaucoma, udinga utyando, okanye unengxaki yamehlo enzima, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo.

Abanye abantu baya kugqirha wamehlo ukuze bahlolwe amehlo rhoqo. Akukho nto imbi ngaloo nto. Into ebalulekileyo kukuya kwindawo enika unyango olungcono lwamehlo akho.

Okokugqibela, masikhumbule oku?

Amehlo zilungu ezimbini ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ngumsebenzi wethu ukuwakhusela.

• Ingcali yamehlo yingcali enokuthi ithathe uxanduva olupheleleyo ngempilo yamehlo akho kwaye ingenza notyando ukuba kuyimfuneko.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo ngendlela efanelekileyo ngokweminyaka yakho nempilo yakho. Ngale ndlela, ukuba kukho ingxaki, inokuchongwa kwangethuba kwaye inyangwe ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingozi.
• Kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana ne-cataracts, i-glaucoma, i-diabetes retinopathy, okanye ukuba udinga utyando lwamehlo, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wamehlo.
• Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga ekuboneni kwakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Ukuba uneentlungu zamehlo, umbono ofipheleyo, ubunzima bokubona ukukhanya, okanye amabala amnyama, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
• Xa ubona ugqirha, buza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo uze uqonde kakuhle imeko yakho. Khumbula, amehlo akho axabiseke kakhulu kuwe! Ngoko ke wanyamekele.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo. Ngamana ungasikelelwa ngethuba lokubona ihlabathi ngamehlo amabini aphilileyo!

Ingcali yamehlo , ugqirha wamehlo, uvavanyo lwamehlo, umbono, i-cataracts, i-glaucoma, impilo yamehlo