Ngaba wakha wajonga amehlo akho esipilini? Emva koko ubona ukuba isangqa esincinci esimnyama esiphakathi kweliso sibizwa ngokuba yi "ring black". Inxalenye enemibala ejikeleze loo ring imnyama yi -iris esiza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje. Abanye abantu bayinombala omdaka, abanye bayinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abanye bayinombala ongwevu, abanye bayinombala oluhlaza... Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zemibala. Ayintle kakhulu? Ngoko ke le ndawo enemibala ayintle nje kuphela, yenza umsebenzi obalulekileyo emehlweni ethu.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwinxalenye enombala yeliso, i-iris?
Ngamafutshane, i-iris yakho yenye yezona ndawo ziphambili zeliso lakho ezikunceda ubone. Ngokukodwa, ubungakanani bokukhanya obungena elisweni lakho bulawulwa zimisipha ethambileyo kule iris. Uyazi, izihlunu ezikule iris, xa zisabela ekukhanyeni okungqongileyo, ziyanciphisa okanye zandise indandatho emnyama embindini weliso lakho, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"Pupil". Njengelensi yekhamera.
Khawucinge ngoku. Uphuma ngemini enelanga. Ngequbuliso amehlo akho abonakala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, akunjalo? Ngelo xesha, iris yakho ivulwa ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo eyenza iris ibe ncinci. Emva koko ubungakanani bokukhanya obungena emehlweni akho buyehla. Xa ubuyela kwindawo enomthunzi, okanye nangaphakathi, kuthatha ixesha ukuba indawo ekungqongileyo icace. Ngelo xesha, kwenzeka okwahlukileyo. Iris yandisa iris, isebenzisa ukukhanya okuphantsi, ivumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kungene emehlweni akho. Xa iris ikhula ngale ndlela, sithi `(iyavuleka)`, kwaye xa incipha, sithi `(iyancipha)`. Konke oku kwenzeka ngaphandle kokuba uqonde, kwaye kwenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo. Akumangalisi na?
Ngoko ke le iris isebenza njengesango elizenzekelayo elilawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni. Yiyo loo nto sinokubona ngokucacileyo kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokukhanya.
Iphi le ndawo inemibala, i-iris, ekwiliso?
Kulungile, ngoku masibone apho kanye kanye i-iris ikhoyo ngaphakathi kweliso. Cinga ngeliso lakho njenge-anyanisi. Njengokuba i-anyanisi ineengqimba ezininzi zesikhumba, amehlo ethu aneengqimba ezininzi. I-iris ikwingqimba engaphandle ebonakalayo yeliso , engaphantsi kwe-cornea , nangaphezulu kwelensi engaphakathi kweliso. Ukuchaneka, le ndawo inemibala ijikeleze umfundi.
Ibonakala njani inxalenye enombala yeliso, i-"Iris"? Yenziwe ngantoni?
Njengoko sonke sisazi, i-iris yinxalenye yamehlo ethu ewanika umbala wawo. Yinto ethe tyaba, engqukuva. Umbala wamehlo akho umiselwa bubungakanani bepigment yendalo ebizwa ngokuba yi-melanin eveliswa ngumzimba wakho, kunye nejini ezithile.Ufumana ezi gene kubazali bakho. Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha amalungu osapho enombala ofanayo wamehlo, okanye imibala eyahlukileyo. Into emangalisayo kukuba, umbala wamehlo akho ufana nomnwe wakho. Uhlukile kuwe, kwaye akukho mntu emhlabeni onombala ofanayo wamehlo.
Ngaba uyazi ukuba le iris yenziwe ngantoni? Yenziwe ngokudibanisa izihlunu ezithambileyo kunye nemithambo-luvo. Ezi zilawula ubukhulu bomfundi ngaphandle kokuba ucinge ngako, oko kukuthi, ngokuzenzekela (parasympathetically).
Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela inxalenye enombala yeliso (iris)?
Nasiphi na isifo samehlo sinokuchaphazela i-iris. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ziphambili:
- I-Aniridia: Oku kukungabikho ngokupheleleyo okanye okungaphelelanga kwe-iris.
- Isifo sikaHorner: Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimpembelelo ethile kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo , enokubangela ukuba ulwimi olumnyama kwelinye icala lucinezelwe.
- I-Glaucoma: Le yimeko apho uxinzelelo ngaphakathi kweliso lunyuka, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwi-optic nerve. Ezinye iintlobo ze-glaucoma zichaphazela ne-iris.
- I-Albinism : Kule meko, umzimba uvelisa i-melanin encinci, ngoko ke umbala wamehlo unokuba lula kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ube pinki.
- IiCataracts: Oku kukuvaleka kwelensi yeliso, kodwa kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, iris nayo inokuchaphazeleka.
- I-Uveitis : Oku kukudumba kwe-uvea, inwebu engaphakathi kweliso. I-iris nayo iyinxalenye yale uvea.
- I-Waardenburg syndrome: Le yimeko yemfuza enokubangela utshintsho kumbala wamehlo (umz., amehlo amabini anemibala eyahlukeneyo), umbala wolusu, kunye nokukhubazeka kokuva.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba indawo enombala yeliso (iris) yonakele?
Nakuphi na ukwenzakala kweliso kunokonakalisa naliphi na icandelo leliso. Ngokufanayo, iris nayo inokonakala kwingozi. Isiphumo kwi iris sixhomekeke kuhlobo lwengozi. Ezinye iingozi ezincinci zinokunyangwa ngokuphumla nokunyamekela ekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iingozi ezinkulu zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kweliso kwaye zide zikhokelele ekulahlekelweni kombono. Ke ngoko, ukuba unokwenzakala kweliso, musa ukuchitha ixesha kwaye ubone ugqirha wamehlo okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka.
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuhlola indawo enombala yeliso (i-Iris)?
Xa usiya kuhlolwa amehlo rhoqo, ugqirha wamehlo uza kuhlola ne-iris yakho. Baza kusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-slit lamp exam ukujonga ngokusondeleyo ingaphakathi leliso lakho.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela imeko ethile yempilo okanye ufuna ukuphanda ingxaki ethile, kunokufuneka wenze olunye uvavanyo. Umzekelo:
- Iskeni se -MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
- I-CT scan (i-computed tomography scan)
- Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound
- Uvavanyo lwe-Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Olu vavanyo lunokubonelela ngemifanekiso ecacileyo yeendawo ezibuthathaka ngaphakathi kweliso.
Ngoko ke, singayinyamekela njani kakuhle indawo enemibala yeliso (i-Iris)?
Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuze ugcine iris yakho, kunye neliso lakho lonke, lisempilweni:
- Nxiba iiglasi zelanga ezikhusela nge-100% ye-ultraviolet (UV) okanye ezibhalwe nge-UV400 nanini na xa uphuma elangeni. Oku kunokunciphisa kakhulu umonakalo wamehlo.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela obona ngayo, nokuba yinto encinci njengokudinga ukutshintsha iiglasi zakho okanye into enzulu ngakumbi, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba iimpawu zibe mandundu.
- Ukuba ngequbuliso ulahlekelwa kukubona okanye uva iintlungu eziqatha emehlweni, yiya esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Ezi zisenokuba ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
Ngaba ezi scanner ze-iris zingawonakalisa amehlo?
Kule mihla, iindlela zokuskena ubuso namehlo (ii-Iris scanners) ziya zithandwa kakhulu ekuvuleni izinto ezifana neefowuni kunye neekhompyutha, okanye kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko. Oko kwenziwa zezi scanners kukuqondisa ukukhanya okuncinci kwe-infrared ebusweni bakho nasemahlweni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ungubani. Ngokophando olwenziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho bungqina bokuba ezi zixhobo ziyingozi okanye ziyalimaza amehlo akho. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo.
Ngoko ke, umyalezo wokugqibela oza kugoduka nawo:
Inxalenye enemibala yeliso lakho, i-iris, ifana nomnwe wakho onemibala owahlukileyo. Kodwa yenza okungaphezulu kokukunika amehlo amahle nje kuphela. Le iris idlala indima enkulu ekukuncedeni ubone ngokucacileyo ngamaxesha onke nakwiindawo zonke. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha wamehlo ukuze ukwazi ukubona naluphi na utshintsho emehlweni akho ngaphambi kokuba lwenzeke. Kulapho kuphela apho sinokubona khona eli hlabathi lihle ngokucacileyo. Uyaqonda?
👩🏽⚕️ Imibuzo eyongezelelweyo (Ii-FAQ)
💬 Yintoni i-iris yeliso?
Oku kubhekisa kwinxalenye ebonakalayo yamehlo ethu. Amehlo abanye abantu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amdaka, okanye amnyama ngenxa yepigment (i-melanin) ekule iris.
💬 Yeyiphi inzuzo enkulu evelele kweli candelo?
Izihlunu ezikwi-iris zilawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni ngokwandisa nokufinyeza umfundi. Xa kukho ukukhanya okuninzi ngaphandle, kuyafinyeza, kunciphisa ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena elisweni.
💬 Ngaba iris inokuba nezifo?
Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha le nxalenye inokuba nentsholongwane kwaye idumbe (Iritis). Kwakhona, kwabanye abantu, inokuba neemeko zomhlaza (iMelanoma).
Iliso , iris, umbala wamehlo, i-cataract, umbono, impilo yamehlo, izifo zamehlo
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