Ngaba uyazi ngokwenene ngezi 'pons' zincinci engqondweni yakho? Masithethe ngazo!

Sonke sithetha ngamalungu amakhulu emizimbeni yethu, akunjalo? Njengentliziyo, imiphunga, nezintso. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ngokubaluleka kwamalungu amancinci ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu? Kaloku, kukho inxalenye encinci kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo yethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-'pons.' Ngamafutshane, kufana nomntu ohleli ngaphakathi kweentloko zethu kwaye ethule esenza umsebenzi omninzi omhle.

Ngoko ke, yintoni le 'Pons'?

Ngamafutshane, ii-pons zakho yinxalenye yesibini ukusuka ezantsi ye -brainstem yakho. Ukuchaneka, zibekwe ngaphezulu nje kwe-medulla oblongata yakho. Cinga ngayo njengebhulorho phakathi kwe-cerebrum engasentla, i-medulla oblongata engezantsi, kunye ne-spinal cord. Ii-pons yindawo ephambili yokudibanisa ii-nerve zethu ezininzi ze-cranial . Ii-nerve ze-cranial zinethiwekhi yee-nerve eziqhagamshela ngqo kwi-brain. Ngoko ke, olu qhagamshelo lwe-nerve lubaluleke kakhulu. Zinceda kwiimvakalelo ezininzi entlokweni yakho, kunye nokushukumisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuso bakho nomlomo.

Yintoni kanye kanye eyenziwa yiPons? Zithini imisebenzi yayo ephambili?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-'Pons' yinxalenye ye-brainstem edibanisa ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo. Ke ngoko, i-'Pons' yindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo . Yiyo enika indlela yemiqondiso eya nebuya engqondweni. Ngokukodwa, i-'Pons' iqulethe 'ii-neurotransmitters' ezininzi ezinceda ekusebenzeni kwengqondo njengokulala.

Makhe sijonge eminye yemisebenzi ephambili yePons:

• Ilawula ubuthongo bakho kunye nokuvuka kwakho: Cinga ngayo, ii-pons zinefuthe elikhulu kwindlela oziva uhlaziyekile ngayo xa uvuka kusasa, kunye nendlela olala ngayo ebusuku. Ikwayinxalenye ebeka umgangatho woqwalaselo lomzimba wakho xa uvuka.
• Ilawula iimpawu zentlungu: Iipons zinoxanduva lokudlulisela iimpawu zentlungu ukusuka naphi na emzimbeni wakho ngaphantsi kwentamo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho kwaye zilawule ezo mpawu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ikwanceda ekumiseleni uhlobo lwentlungu oyivayo.
• Isebenza nezinye iindawo zobuchopho: Iipons zikhonkco eliphambili kwenye indawo ebalulekileyo yobuchopho ebizwa ngokuba yi- cerebellum , elawula ulungelelwaniso kunye nokuhamba komzimba wakho. Ikwasebenza nezinye iindawo zesiqu sobuchopho, ezilawula ukuphefumla kwakho.

Cinga nje ngepolisa lendlela. Nguye lowoIthumela imiqondiso engqondweni , ikhawulezise ezinye zazo, kwaye ilawule ezinye zazo.

Inxulumene njani nemithambo-luvo yentloko?

IiPons zinee-junction ezibalulekileyo zemithambo-luvo emine kwelishumi elinesibini ye-cranial. Ezi mithambo-luvo ze-cranial (siza kuzibala ngamanani amaRoma) zidibana neePons:

• I-Trigeminal nerve (Cranial Nerve V): Le nerve yiyo evumela ubuso bakho ukuba buve ukuchukumisa kunye nentlungu. Ikwalawula izihlunu ozisebenzisayo ukuhlafuna ukutya. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu uchukumisa isidlele sakho, uyasiva, okanye ukuba uneentlungu zamazinyo, kungenxa yale nerve.
• I-Abducens nerve (CN VI): Le yi-nerve elawula enye yezihlunu ezishukumisa amehlo. Ukuba le mithambo-luvo yonakele, ungayibona njengezinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, esizibiza ngokuba yi-'diplopia'.
• I-Facial nerve (CN VII): Le nerve ilawula uninzi lwembonakalo yobuso bakho. Yile nerve esebenza xa uncuma kwaye ufinge iintshiya. Ikwayi-nerve ekunceda ukuba unambithe ngaphambili kolwimi lwakho.
• I-Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII): Le nerve yahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo amabini: i-vestibular nerve kunye ne-cochlear nerve.
• I-vestibular nerve yiyo ekunika ingqiqo yokulinganisela. Ikunceda uhlale uthe nkqo xa uhamba okanye ubaleka.
• I-cochlear nerve yiyo ekunika imvakalelo yokuva . Kungenxa yale mvakalelo ukuba unokuva ingoma okanye umntu ethetha.

Iipons zinceda njani ezinye izitho zomzimba?

Iipons zinceda amanye amalungu omzimba ngokuthwala ulwazi lweemvakalelo ukuya engqondweni, kwaye zilawula ngokuthe ngqo ezinye zeenkqubo zomzimba wakho ezingazi. Umzekelo, zinceda ukulawula umjikelo wakho wokulala nokuvuka kunye nokuphefumla. Ukukwazi kwakho ukuva iintlungu kulawulwa ziipons. Olu luvo lwentlungu lukuvumela ukuba uphendule ukuze uphephe okanye unciphise ingozi.

Iphi le 'Pons'?

I-Pons yenye yezona zakhiwo ziphantsi kakhulu engqondweni yakho, kufutshane nesiseko sentloko yakho. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ihleli ngaphezulu nje kweMedulla Oblongata. I-Medulla Oblongata emva koko iqhagamshela kwi-Spinal Cord ngomngxuma osezantsi kwentloko yakho.

Zibukeka njani ii-'pons'? Zingakanani ubukhulu bazo?

Ii'Pons' zihlala zinombala omdaka okanye omhlophe. Ngokwemilo, zimile njengesiqu esiphezulu sentyatyambo yekhaphetshu. Ngokwesayizi:

• Ukuphakama: Malunga ne-1.06 intshi (27 millimeters).
• Ububanzi: Malunga ne-1.49 intshi (38 millimeters).
• Ubunzulu (ubukhulu): Malunga ne-0.98 intshi (25 millimeters).

Khangela ukuba incinci kangakanani! Kodwa umsebenzi ewenzayo mkhulu.

Iyintoni imvelaphi yegama elithi 'Pons'?

Njengayo yonke inxalenye yengqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ii-pons zenziwe ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo kunye nezakhiwo zayo. Ineendawo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nuclei ( isininzi se-nucleus). Ii-Nuclei ngamaqela eeseli zemithambo-luvo okanye zobuchopho ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo okanye ezidibana kwiindawo ezifanayo. Ezi nuclei zenziwe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli:

• Ii-Neurons : Ezi ziiseli ezenza ingqondo yakho kunye nemithambo-luvo, ezithumela kwaye ziqondisa imiqondiso. Zinokuguqula imiqondiso ibe ziindlela zeekhemikhali okanye zombane.
• Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi ziiseli ezixhasa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Nangona zingadlulisi imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo, ziyanceda iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza njalo.

Masithethe kancinci ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo (iiNeuron)

Ii-neurons ziiseli ezithumela kwaye zifumana imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali kuyo yonke inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. I-neuron inala macandelo:

• Umzimba weseli: Le yinxalenye ephambili yeseli.
• I-Axon: Le yinxalenye ende, efana nengalo ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Ekupheleni kwe-axon kukho izandiso ezininzi ezifana neminwe, apho isignali yombane evela kwi-neuron iguqulwa ibe sisignali yekhemikhali. Ezi zandiso, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-synapses, zinokuthumela imiqondiso kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikufutshane. Cinga nge-axon njengocingo lombane, kwaye i-synapse ifana neplagi ekupheleni kocingo.
• Iidendrites: Ezi zizakhiwo ezincinci, ezinamasebe omzimba weseli (eli gama livela kwigama lesiLatini elithetha "okufana nomthi"). Ezi dendrites kulapho kufunyanwa khona imiqondiso yeekhemikhali evela kwi-synapses zezinye ii-neurons ezikufutshane.
• I-Myelin :Olu lungqimba olubhityileyo nolunamafutha olujikeleze i-axon ye-neuron. Njengesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikeleze ucingo lombane, lukhusela i-axon kwaye lunceda imiqondiso ukuba ihambe ngokukhawuleza.

Unxibelelwano lwe-neuronal luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ii-dendrites ze-neuron enye zinokudibana namawaka ezinye ii-synapses. Ezinye ii-neurons zinde, ezinye zimfutshane. Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni ziphi emzimbeni kunye nomsebenzi eziwenzayo.

Zithini iiseli ze-glial?

Iiseli zeGlial (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-glial-al) zinemisebenzi emininzi eyahlukeneyo. Zinceda ii-neurons zikhule kwaye ziphuhle xa usemncinci, kwaye zikwanceda ekulawuleni indlela ii-neurons ezisebenza ngayo ubomi bakho bonke. Zikwakhusela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo kwizifo, zilawula ibhalansi yeekhemikhali kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, kwaye zenze i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ii-axons zakho. Okumangalisayo kukuba, kukho iiseli ze-glial eziphindwe kalishumi kunee-neurons kwinkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo! Zifana neqela le-pit crew elilungiselela iimoto zomdyarho (ii-neurons).

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iiPons?

Iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela ingqondo yakho zinokuchaphazela neepons. Ezinye iimeko zichaphazela ngokukodwa iipons. Apha ngezantsi kukho imizekelo ethile (ngolandelelwano lwealfabhethi):

• Iithumba zobuchopho (kuquka nomhlaza)
• I-Central pontine myelinlysis (umonakalo kwi-myelin sheath kwi-pons)
• Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukubetheka kwentloko (Ukubetheka kwentloko kunye nezinye iingozi zobuchopho ezibuhlungu)
• Izifo zokuzalwa, kuquka iingxaki zemfuza
• Ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima okanye ezinye iityhefu
• Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokuvuvukala (umz., i-multiple sclerosis)
• Iintsholongwane (ezi zinokubangelwa ziibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iiparasites, kunye nefungi)
• Isifo sokuvalelwa ngaphakathi (apho umzimba wonke ukhubazekile ngaphandle kokunyakaza kwamehlo) esibangelwa kukwenzakala okanye isifo sohlangothi
• 'Ukoyiswa kweenkqubo ezininzi' `(Ukoyiswa kweenkqubo ezininzi)`
• Ukuwohloka kwe-olivopontocerebellar
• 'Istroke' `(Istroke)`

Zeziphi iimpawu eziboniswa yile 'Pons' ukuba kukho ingxaki?

Iimpawu zesifo esichaphazela ii-pons zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwinxalenye ye-pons eyonakeleyo. Ukonakala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-pons kunokuchaphazela umzimba wakho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• I-Ataxia (ukungakwazi ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomzimba, ukushukuma njengomntu onxilileyo)
• Ukungeva
• Umbono ophindwe kabini (iDiplopia)
• Ukulahlekelwa yimvakalelo yokuchukumisa (kuquka ukukwazi ukuziva ukungcangcazela, ubushushu, okanye intlungu)
• I-Nystagmus (ukuhamba kwamehlo ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo)
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukukhubazeka (Oku kunokuchaphazela iindawo zentloko, ubuso, okanye iindawo ezithile zomzimba. Ukuba iipons zonakele kakhulu, umzimba wonke unokuba ukhubazekile ngaphandle kokuhamba kwamehlo, njengakwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-locked-in syndrome)
• I-Vertigo (isiyezi esinzima, ukuziva ngathi izinto ziyajikeleza)
• I-Tinnitus (ukuva izandi ezahlukeneyo ezindlebeni, umz. ukukhala...)

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yee-'Pons'?

Xa bexilonga iimeko ezinxulumene neepons, oogqirha banokwenza ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (Oku kunokubona yonke into ukususela kwiingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuya kwiityhefu kunye neesinyithi (ezifana nobhedu, i-mercury, i-lead))
• 'I-CT scan' `(I-computerized tomography (CT scan)`
• 'I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)'
• I-Electromyogram (uvavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo)
• Iimvavanyo zeemvakalelo ezivuselelweyo (iimvavanyo zeemvakalelo)
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza
• 'Iskeni ye-M.R.I.' `(Umfanekiso we-Magnetic resonance (MRI))`
• 'Iskeni ye-P.E.T.' `(Iskeni ye-Positron emission tomography (PET))`

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo ezinxulumene nePons?

Unyango lweemeko ezichaphazela ii-pons luyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye iimeko zinokunyangwa ngamayeza. Ezinye zinokufuna unyango oluphambili, njengotyando. Ezinye iimeko azinakuphiliswa, okanye zinyangwe. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango oluphambili kukulawula iimpawu. Akukho nyango lunye olusebenza kuyo yonke imeko echaphazela ii-pons.

Singayinyamekela njani iPons?

Ezinye iimeko ezichaphazela iipons zinokuthintelwa, kodwa ezinye azilindelwanga. Kwiimeko ezininzi, unokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba neemeko okanye iingxaki ezithile. Amanyathelo okuthintela angcono onokuwathatha ngala:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Amanqanaba aphezulu okanye aphantsi eevithamini anokuchaphazela ingqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ukulawula ukutya kwakho kunokunceda kwimpilo yenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, nto leyo echaphazela impilo yengqondo yakho.
• Hlala usempilweni kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Ubunzima bakho kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunokuthintela okanye kulibazise ukuqala kweemeko ezichaphazela ingqondo, ingakumbi iingxaki zentliziyo kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ezifana nestroke.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko:Ukwenzakala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula ingqondo kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, kunokonakalisa ingqondo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha umonakalo unokuba ngowonaphakade. Ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifana nesigcina-ntloko, nokuba usemsebenzini okanye udlala, kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala entloko.
• Lumka kwizifo ezingapheliyo: Izifo ezininzi ezichaphazela ingqondo ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, ingakumbi uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olungalawulekiyo. Ukunyanga ezi zifo ngamanye amaxesha kunokuthintela okanye kunciphise ukuqhubela phambili kwazo. Oku kunokukunceda uphephe ukwenzakala okukhulu kwengqondo.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo esifuna ukuwuthatha kweli bali ngulo

I-pons yakho yinxalenye encinci kodwa enamandla kakhulu yengqondo yakho. Yinxalenye yengqondo esingacingi ngayo okanye esingayihoyiyo kakhulu ixesha elininzi, kodwa ibalulekile kwindlela ophila ngayo nendlela ofunda ngayo ngehlabathi elikujikelezileyo. Inceda ekulawuleni izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuphefumla kwakho, ukulinganisela, kunye nokuva.

Ngoko ke, ukukhusela impilo yengqondo yakho kwiinzakalo nezifo ezinokuthintelwa yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yobomi bakho. Nangona zincinci, 'iiponi' zikwenza umsebenzi omhle kakhulu!

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IiPons, ubuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ubuthongo, iintlungu, imithambo-luvo yentloko, isiqu sobuchopho