Ngaba unemibuzo malunga nee-allergies? Yiza, masithethe ngomntu onesifo se-allergies!

Ngaba nawe uziva ungaqhelekanga xa usitya ukutya okuthile? Okanye ngaba unengxaki yokuphefumla xa uphefumla uthuli oluncinci? Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinto zibonakala ziqhelekile, kodwa kwabanye abantu zinokuba ziingxaki ezinkulu. Kulapho ke sidinga khona uncedo lwengcali ye -allergy . Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani lo 'mntu we-allergy' kunye nento ayenzayo.

Ngubani ingcali ye-allergies?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali ye-allergies ngugqirha ogxile kwizifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba . Cinga ngale ndlela: sinomkhosi omncinci wamajoni emizimbeni yethu obizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba. Oku kukusikhusela kwizifo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo iqala ukusabela ngokugqithisileyo. Kulapho kuvela khona iingxaki.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ezinyangwa ngaba gqirha:

• Iingxaki zokunganyamezelani komzimba kunye ne-allergy: Ezi zenzeka xa amasosha ethu omzimba esabela ngokugqithisileyo kwinto esiyityayo, esiyiphefumlayo, okanye esiyichukumisayo. Umzekelo, abanye abantu bafumana amaqhakuva emva kokutya i-shrimp, ngelixa abanye beqala ukuthimla emva kokuchukumisa ikati.
• Isifuba somoya: Kulapho iindlela zomoya ezikwimiphunga yethu zivuvukala khona. Abantu abanesifuba somoya banokuba nobunzima bokuphefumla ngequbuliso ngenxa yezinto ezithile ezibangela oku, njengothuli, umsi, okanye umkhuhlane.
• Iingxaki eziphambili zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwamasosha omzimba: Ezi zinzima ngakumbi. Ezi zizifo zemfuza. Oku kubangela ukuba inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ingasebenzi kakuhle. Kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200 zezi zifo.

Ngubani ingcali ye-Allergy yabantwana?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba ezi ngxaki zingabachaphazela na abantwana abancinci. Ewe, iintsana, abantwana, kunye nabantu abadala abancinci banokuba nee-allergies, i-asthma, kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Kulapho ingcali ye-allergies yabantwana izifumanisa kwaye izinyange. Ufana nengcali ye-allergies kubantu abadala, kodwa ugxila ngokukodwa ebantwaneni.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali ye-allergies kunye nengcali ye-immunology?

Lo ngumbuzo obuzwa ngabantu abaninzi. Sidla ngokusebenzisa igama elithi 'i-allergist' ukubhekisa kugqirha onyanga izinto ezifana ne-allergies kunye ne-asthma, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha unyanga nezifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Emva koko, 'i-immunologist' ngumntu ofanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha 'i-immunologist' inokugxila ngakumbi ekunyangeni izifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, okanye ekwenzeni uphando lwezonyango kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Rhoqo, aba babini ngabantu abakwicandelo elinye, oko kukuthi, abantu abaneziqinisekiso 'ze-Allergist/Immunologist' .

Benza ntoni aba bantu banee-allergies?

Ingcali ye-allergies ixilonga kwaye inyange iingxaki zenkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nantsi into enokuyenza:

• Uvavanyo lwe-allergy: Oku kuya kujonga ukuba ngaba une-allergy kwizinto ezifana nokutya, i-pollen (evela engceni, emithini, kunye nokhula), i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya , kunye ne-mold.
• Isifo sesifuba sichongwa ngokuvavanya ukusebenza kwemiphunga.
• Amayeza okanye izixhobo zinikwa ukuthintela, ukunyanga, okanye ukunciphisa ubukhali be-allergies kunye ne-asthma. Umzekelo, abanye abantu banokufuna ukusebenzisa ii-inhalers.
• Siza kukucebisa malunga notshintsho ekufuneka ulwenze kwindlela ophila ngayo ukuze uphephe izinto ezinokubangela i-allergies okanye i-asthma.
• Unyango lwe-immunotherapy, olufana neenaliti ze-allergy, lunikwa ukunciphisa ii-allergy reactions. Oku kuquka ukuveza umzimba kancinci kancinci kwi-allergen.
• Kufunyaniswa ukuba kukho iingxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle komzimba.
• Xa uphila nesifo sokuzikhusela kwizifo, sicebisa iindlela zokuzikhusela kwiintsholongwane .
• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) inikwa njengonyango lwezifo ezithile zomzimba.
• Ukuba une-aleji kumayeza abalulekileyo, kwenziwa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Drug desensitization" ukuze ukwazi ukuwasela ngokukhuselekileyo loo mayeza.

Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa ziingcali ze-allergy?

Nazi ezinye zezona meko zonyango zixhaphakileyo ezinyangwa ngaba gqirha:

• I-allergy conjunctivitis (ukunganyamezelani kwamehlo)
• I-allergy rhinitis/hay fever, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-'hay fever'
• I-Anaphylaxis, ukusabela okuqatha ngequbuliso kwe-allergy
• I-Angioedema, ukudumba phantsi kolusu
• Isifuba
• Ukunganyamezelani namayeza
• I-Eczema sisifo solusu.
• Iingxaki ze-Eosinophilic (apho uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'eosinophil' iyanda)
• Ukunganyamezelani nokutya
• Ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-'hives/urticaria'
• Ukunganyamezelani nokulunywa zizinambuzane
• Ukunganyamezelani kweLatex
• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-sinus

Kutheni kufuneka sibone ingcali ye-allergies?

Usenokufuna ukubona ugqirha onjalo ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Jonga ukuba akukho allergies okanye i-asthma.
• Fumana unyango lwe-allergies okanye i-asthma.
• Ukuba unesifo esichaphazela amajoni omzimba, silawule.

Sifanele siye nini kwingcali ye-allergies?

Ukuba unale mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha we-allergies. Okanye ubuze ugqirha wosapho lwakho (uGqirha weNkathalelo ePhambili) ukuba ufuna ukubona ingcali enjalo.

"Ngaba kufuneka sikhathazeke kancinci ngezi mpawu?"

• Ukuba ufumana i-allergy enzima – efana nokudumba kobuso okanye ulwimi, okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Une-allergies, kodwa awazi ukuba yintoni ebangela loo nto. Umzekelo, fumana ukuba kwenzeka kuphela xa utya ukutya okuthile okanye xa udibana nothuli.
• Ukuba ufumana kunzima ukulawula i-allergies okanye i-asthma yakho, nokuba usebenzisa amayeza okanye utshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo.
• Ukuba i-allergies okanye i-asthma zikuthintela ukuba uqhubeke nobomi bakho besiqhelo, uye emsebenzini, okanye wenze izinto ozithandayo.
• Ukuba uhlala uphefumla, ukhohlela, okanye uziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo – ingakumbi emva kokuzilolonga okanye ebusuku.
• Ukuba uhlala ugula, okanye ukuba isifo esiqhelekileyo njengomkhuhlane sithatha ixesha elide ukuba siphile, oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka.

Zivavanywa njani ii-allergies?

Ingcali ye-allergy ingasebenzisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zovavanyo ukuze ifumanise ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-allergy onayo. Nazi ezinye zazo:

• Uvavanyo lokukrwela/lokukrwela ulusu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha inani elincinci le-allergen ecingelwayo uze uyikrwele ngolusu lwakho. Emva koko, bakhangela impendulo, efana nokubomvu nokudumba. Olu luvavanyo olulula kakhulu nolukhawulezayo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi:Kule meko, kuthathwa isampulu yegazi lakho ize ivavanywe kwilebhu ukuze kubonwe ukuba unayo na i-allergy kwinto ethile.
• Uvavanyo lomngeni wokutya: Olu luvavanyo olufuna isilumkiso. Kulo mba, ugqirha uza kwazisa kancinci kancinci ukutya ocinga ukuba une-allergy kuko, ngelixa ejonge ngononophelo ukuze abone ukuba ngaba une-allergy. Oku kufanele kwenziwe phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

Ukongeza kwezi mvavanyo zokunganyamezelani komzimba, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka xa undwendwela ugqirha:

• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga (i-spirometry, uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga): Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela imiphunga yakho esebenza ngayo. Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuxilongeni nasekulawuleni isifo sombefu.
• Ukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zonyango: Ugqirha wakho angakufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo ezifana nee-epinephrine injectors (ngamanye amaxesha zibizwa ngokuba yi-'Epipen') kwi-allergies ezinzima, ii-inhalers, kunye ne-nebulizers ze-asthma.

Ungaba njani yi-allergies?

Oku kusenokuba yinto ongathanda ukuyazi. Ukuze ube yingcali ye-allergies eSri Lanka, kufuneka uqale ufumane isidanga sezonyango (MBBS) kwisikolo sezonyango. Emva koko, kufuneka ugqibezele i-internship kunye ne-post-internship njengogqirha oqhelekileyo. Emva koko, kufuneka ufumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo (MD) kwi-Internal Medicine okanye kwi-Pediatrics. Emva koko, unokufumana olunye uqeqesho olukhethekileyo (uqeqesho/ubudlelane emva kwe-MD) kwicandelo le-Allergy and Immunology, uphumelele iimviwo ezifanelekileyo kwaye ube yingcali ye-allergies. Oko kuthetha ukuba le yinto ekufuneka yenziwe ngokuzinikela okukhulu nexesha.

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-allergies, i-asthma, kunye nezifo zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ziimeko ezinokuchaphazela ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, ngamanye amaxesha zibangele iimpendulo ezinzima. Kodwa ungoyiki . Ingcali ye-allergies inokukunceda uchonge izinto ezibangela i-allergy okanye i-asthma, ikunike unyango lokulawula iimpawu zakho, kwaye ikucebise ngokutshintsha indlela ophila ngayo ukuze uphephe ezo zinto zibangela i-allergy.

"Ngokufutshane nje, aba gqirha bakunceda uqonde imeko yakho, uphile nayo ngempumelelo, kwaye ungavumeli ukuba iphazamise ubomi bakho."

Ngoko ke, ukuba ucinga ukuba unale ngxaki, musa ukuchitha ixesha uye kugqirha. Emva koko ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobukhululekileyo.

Ingcali ye- Allergy, i-Allergy, i-Asthma, i-Immune System, uvavanyo lwe-Allergy, ugqirha oyingcali, i-Allergy, i-Allergy, i-Asthma, i-Immune System