Masifunde ngesango elincinci entliziyweni yakho? LiyiPulmonary Valve!

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yentliziyo yethu, kodwa mhlawumbi esingathethi kakhulu ngayo. Ifana nomnyango wendlu yethu. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary valve. Makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngale mnyango mncinci, kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani.

Yintoni iPulmonary Valve? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Cinga ngentliziyo yakho njengendlu encinci enamagumbi amane. Ukuze igazi liphume kwigumbi elinye liye kwelinye, kufuneka kubekho iingcango, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto i-pulmonary valve injalo. Yenye yee-valve ezine entliziyweni. Ukuchaneka, 'ngumnyango' othatha igazi elingena-oxygen ukusuka kwigumbi elisezantsi lasekunene lentliziyo yakho (elibizwa ngokuba yi-'right ventricle') ukuya kwi-'main pulmonary artery', umthambo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi elingena-oxygen ukuya emiphungeni. Xa eli gazi lifika emiphungeni, lithatha i-oxygen. Emva koko, elo gazi lizele yi-oxygen liyahamba liye emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko ke, ungacinga ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani ukuba lo mnyango usebenze ngokufanelekileyo? I-pulmonary valve, kunye nenye i-valve entliziyweni yethu, i-'aortic valve', xa zizonke zibizwa ngokuba yi -'semilunar valves'' . Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-flaps (njengee-doorknobs) kwezi valves zenziwe njenge-crescents. Ezi valves ze-crescent zilawula ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka kwii-low chambers (ventricles) zentliziyo yethu ukuya kwi- blood vessels ezinkulu (i-artery). Usenokuziva zibizwa ngokuba yi-Pulmonic valve. Zombini ngamagama ento enye.

Ngoko ke yintoni kanye kanye le valve yemiphunga eyenziwa yile pulmonary?

Umsebenzi ophambili wale valve yemiphunga, njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kukulawula ukuhamba kwegazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekunene yentliziyo ukuya kumthambo oyintloko wemiphunga. Makhe sijonge indlela okwenzeka ngayo oku ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe:

• Ngalo lonke ixesha intliziyo yakho ibetha, le valve yemiphunga iyavuleka ize ivale, njengocango.
• Xa i-ventricle yakho yasekunene ifinyela (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"systolic phase" ngokwezonyango), ivalvu ye-pulmonary iyavuleka. Oku kulapho igazi liqala ukuphuma entliziyweni, ukuya emiphungeni.
• Emva koko, xa intliziyo 'iphumla' okwethutyana (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"diastolic phase" okanye i-relaxation phase), ivalvu ye-pulmonary iyavalwa. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba ukuba ayivalwa ngolu hlobo, igazi eliye emiphungeni lingavuza kwakhona entliziyweni. Akulunganga oko.
• Ngoko ke, xa le valve ivaliwe apho i-ventricle yasekunene izaliswa ligazi ekufuneka linciphe kwixesha elizayo.

Cinga ngayo njengempompo yamanzi. Uyayivula xa uyidinga uze usele amanzi, uze uyivale xa ugqibile. Kungenjalo, amanzi aya kuchithakala. Ivalvu yemiphunga ikwalawula ukuhamba kwegazi ngendlela efanayo.

Indima ekhethekileyo yevalvu yepulmonary kwinkqubo kaRoss

Ukongeza ekulawuleni ukuhamba kwegazi ngokuqhelekileyo, le valve yemiphunga inokwenza nomnye umsebenzi okhethekileyo. Oko kukuthi, ingasetyenziswa njengotshintsho xa enye ivalvu ebalulekileyo entliziyweni yethu, ivalvu ye-aortic, inesifo kwaye ingasebenzi kakuhle. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi- (inkqubo yeRoss)` . Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kancinci. Lwenziwa kwabanye abantwana nakubantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala abane-( Isifo seValve ye-Aortic )`. Kolu tyando, ugqirha wotyando ususa ivalvu yakho ye-(aortic)` enesifo aze ayitshintshe ngevalvu yakho yemiphunga esempilweni. Emva koko, ivalvu yemiphunga evela komnye umntu ( umnikeli ) ifakwa kuwe. Ivalvu yakho yemiphunga iyindawo elungileyo yevalvu ye-aortic kuba ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wazo zombini ziyafana kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ihlala ixesha elide.

Iphi kanye kanye le valve yemiphunga?

Oku kungaphakathi entliziyweni yakho. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, oku kufana nonxibelelwano phakathi kwe-ventricle yakho yasekunene kunye nomthambo we-pulmonary, umthambo oyintloko othwala igazi ukuya emiphungeni yakho. Ukwicala lasekunene, kwaye phambi kancinci, kwe-aortic valve, enye i-valve enkulu entliziyweni.

Iyintoni indlela eyakhiwe ngayo, oko kukuthi, imilo, yevalvu yemiphunga?

Ivalvu yemiphunga inee-cusps okanye ii-flaps ezintathu eziphambili. Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwezi flaps kulawula ukuhamba kwegazi. Ezi flaps zintathu zibizwa ngokuba yi-anterior cusp, i-left cusp, kunye ne-right cusp. Ezi flaps zinamathele kwisangqa sezicubu esomeleleyo kancinci, esibizwa ngokuba yi-annulus. Xa intliziyo iphumla (oko kukuthi, ngexesha le-diastolic phase), ezi flaps zintathu zihlangana ngokuqinileyo kwaye zivale ngokupheleleyo i-valve. Oku kuthintela igazi ukuba libuyele umva liye kwi-ventricle yasekunene (regurgitation).

Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela ivalvu yemiphunga?

Isifo sevalvu yemiphunga singenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziimeko zentliziyo zokuzalwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unokuba nezi ngxaki ekuzalweni. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile, iingxaki ngale valve zinokuvela kamva ebomini. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa zezinye iimeko, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi lwemiphunga . Ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela ivalvu yemiphunga ziquka:

• I-Pulmonary atresia: Le yimeko yentliziyo ebakho xa umntwana ezalwa. Oku kwenzeka xa ivalvu yemiphunga yomntwana ingaphuhli kakuhle, okanye umngxuma wayo uvalwe ziithishu. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi lihambe liye kwezinye iindawo zentliziyo yomntwana. Oku kubangelaEkuzalweni, umntwana usenokujika abe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ( i-cyanosis ) (oko kuthetha ukuba amanqanaba e-oxygen aphantsi).
• I-Tetralogy of Fallot: Esi sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Esi sifo sichaphazela malunga nomntwana omnye kwabangama-2,500 abazelwe eMelika. Kule meko, umntwana uneengxaki ezine entliziyweni. Esinye sezi ngxaki yi-pulmonary stenosis (ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu yepulmonary kunye nomthambo oyintloko wepulmonary). Esi sisifo esibi kuba sithintela inani legazi elineoksijini ejikeleza emzimbeni womntwana. Iintsana ezinale meko ngokuqinisekileyo ziya kufuna utyando.
• I-pulmonary valve stenosis: Oku kukuncitshiswa kwevalvu. Oku kuhlala kukho xa kuzalwa. Kukwabonakala nakwiintsana ezineTetralogy of Fallot. Kukho iinkqubo ezingaphantsi kakhulu ezinokusetyenziswa ukuvula ivalvu njengonyango. Abanye abantu banokufuna ukuba ivalvu itshintshwe. Akuqhelekanga ukuba umntu ozelwe enevalvu yepulmonary esempilweni abe ne-pulmonary stenosis kamva ebomini.
• Ivalvu yemiphunga engekhoyo: Le yimeko yentliziyo ezalwa nayo. Ichaphazela malunga ne-1 kwiintsana ezingama-50,000. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwiintsana ezineTetralogy of Fallot. Oku kuxa amaphecana/iiflaps zevalvu yemiphunga yomntwana engekho okanye engaphuhli kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukuba ukuvulwa kwevalvu kube mxinwa (stenosis) kwaye igazi livuza umva (regurgitation). Oku kubangela ukuba igazi livuza libuyele kwi-ventricle yasekunene ukusuka kumthambo oyintloko womntwana ukuya emiphungeni (pulmonary trunk). Le meko ikwafuna unyango kwasebuntwaneni.
• Ukubuyela kwevalvu yepulmonary (pulmonary): Oku kwenzeka xa igazi livuza ngevalvu. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa luxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emaphaphu kubantu abadala okanye sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Kunokwenzeka nakwabanye abantu abaye benza utyando lweTetralogy of Fallot. Oku kwenzeka xa ivalvu yepulmonary ingavali ngokupheleleyo ngalo lonke ixesha intliziyo ibetha. Ngenxa yoko, xa intliziyo iphumla, igazi elithile libuyela kwiventricle yasekunene lisuka kwi-pulmonary artery. Uninzi lwabantu luneempawu ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuba neempawu eziphakathi okanye ezinzima ezifuna unyango. Ukuba olu hlobo lokuvuza luhlala ixesha elide, lunokubangela ukwanda nokungaphumeleli kweventricle yasekunene, kunye nokudumba (i-edema).

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngaphandle kwevalvu yamaphaphu?

Hayi bo. Ivalvu yemiphunga yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu ethumela igazi emiphungeni kwaye inceda ukuba igazi lifumane ioksijini.Asinakuphila ngaphandle kwevalvu esebenza kakuhle. Iintsana nabantwana abaneengxaki ezinkulu zevalvu yemiphunga banokuphila ubomi obufutshane ukuba abanyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unesifo sevalvu yemiphunga, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango kunye nexesha lokuphila.

Ndingayigcina njani ivalvu yam yemiphunga isempilweni?

Iingxaki zeevalvu zentliziyo azinakuthintelwa rhoqo, ingakumbi ezo zikhoyo ekuzalweni. Kodwa, ngokubanzi, ukulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo yentliziyo kunokunceda kakhulu ekugcineni iivalvu zakho kunye nentliziyo yakho zisebenza kakuhle. Nazi ezinye izinto ezinokunceda:

• Yeka ukutshaya, ukutshaya i-vaping, nazo zonke iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo. Cela uncedo kugqirha wakho ukuba akuncede uyeke.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala , okanye uyeke ngokupheleleyo.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo okunentliziyo. (Siza kuthetha ngale nto kwinqaku elahlukileyo!)
• Zilolonge rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekucebisa. Uninzi lwabantu kufuneka benze umthambo omalunga nemizuzu eli-150 ngeveki, njengokuhamba.
• Lawula iimeko ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Sela amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Yenza uhlolo lwezonyango ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka.
• Ukuba ukhulelwe, qiniseka ukuba uya kwiikliniki ezifanelekileyo zokubeleka kunye ne-gynecology kwaye ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo. Ukwenza njalo kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa kumntwana wakho osandul' ukuzalwa.

Ukufunda ngesakhiwo sentliziyo yakho ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvakala kunzima, ingakumbi xa wena okanye umntwana wakho nifunyaniswa ukuba ninesifo sentliziyo. Lulwazi oluninzi onokuluthatha ngaxeshanye. Akulula ukukhumbula ukuba zeziphi iivalvu ezithwala igazi ziye phi, kwaye isifo sentliziyo sichaphazela njani ukuhamba kwegazi. Kodwa khumbula, ugqirha wakho uhlala ekhona ukukunceda ufunde ezi zinto kwaye akunike ulwazi oludingayo. Ungathandabuzi ukumbuza nayiphi na imibuzo onayo.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-Pulmonary Valve yinxalenye encinci kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu yentliziyo yethu. Ifana 'nesango' elilawula ukuhamba kwegazi elingenaoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni.Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ngxaki zeevalvu ziyazalwa nazo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuvela kamva ebomini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kunye nonyango ukuba unale meko. Kwakhona, ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni kunceda ukugcina intliziyo yethu kunye nezi valve ziphilile. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha. Ngamana wonke umntu angaba nentliziyo ephilileyo!