Ingaba umntwana wakho unengxaki yehomoni? Masithethe ngogqirha we-endocrinologist wabantwana!

Ngamanye amaxesha xa sicinga ngezifo ezifunyanwa ngabantwana bethu abancinci, ingakumbi xa zibonakala zinzima kancinci, siziva sinomthwalo omkhulu ezintliziyweni zethu, akunjalo? Iingxaki ezinxulumene namahomoni ziyafana. Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokukhathazeka. Kuba kukho iingcali ezinokukunceda wena nomntwana wakho ngamaxesha anje. Lolo hlobo lomntu ongugqirha we-endocrinologist wabantwana , okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, "i-Pediatric Endocrinologist". Ke namhlanje, masithethe kancinci ngale ngcali.

Ngubani i-Endocrinologist yabantwana?

Ngamafutshane, ingcali yeehomoni zabantwana ngugqirha oxilonga aze anyange izifo ezinxulumene neehomoni kubantwana nakubantu abakwishumi elivisayo , oko kukuthi, iingxaki zenkqubo ye-endocrine. Ukuba umntwana wakho uneengxaki zokufikisa , iingxaki zokukhula , iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile , okanye nayiphi na enye imeko enxulumene neehomoni kunye namadlala azivelisayo, le ngcali inokunceda.

Ngoko ke yintoni le endocrinology?

I-Endocrinology lisebe lezonyango elifunda inkqubo ye-endocrine emizimbeni yethu. Le nkqubo yenziwe ngamadlala e-endocrine, amalungu e-endocrine, kunye nama-hormone. Cinga ngayo njengendlela ekhethekileyo yokuba imizimba yethu idlulisele imiyalezo.

Ii-Endocrine Glands

Ezi zizicubu ezikhethekileyo emzimbeni wethu ezivelisa iihomoni kwaye zizikhuphele egazini. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zamadlala:

• Ii-adrenal glands: Ezi zii-adrenal glands ezimbini ezincinci ezikwindawo engaphezulu kwezintso zethu. Zivelisa ii-hormone eziphendula uxinzelelo, kunye nee-hormone ezilawula amanqanaba etyuwa.
• I-pituitary gland : Le gland incinci, efana nethambo efumaneka ngaphantsi kwengqondo ilawula ezinye ii-gland ezininzi, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-"master gland".
• I-thyroid : Le gland imile okwebhabhathane ekwicala elingaphambili entanyeni ivelisa iihomoni ezilawula isantya umzimba osebenzisa ngaso amandla.
• Iindlala zeParathyroid: Ezi ndlala zine ezincinci ezikwi-thyroid gland zilawula amanqanaba e-calcium emzimbeni.

Amalungu e-Endocrine

Ezi zitho zivelisa iihomoni kwaye zenza neminye imisebenzi ekhethekileyo.

• I-Pancreas : Eli lungu likwisisu esingaphezulu linxulunyaniswa nesifo seswekile.Ivelisa i-hormone ye-insulin .
• I-Hypothalamus: Le nxalenye yengqondo ilawula i-pituitary gland.
• Amaqanda : Lilungu lenkqubo yokuzala yabasetyhini evelisa iihomoni zesondo.
• Amasende : Lilungu lenkqubo yokuzala yamadoda elivelisa iihomoni zesini.

Iihormone

IiHormone zifana nezithunywa zeekhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Zihamba ukusuka kwelinye idlala ukuya kwelinye ngegazi kwaye zichaphazela elinye ilungu okanye izicubu ekujoliswe kuzo. IiHormone zichaphazela iinkqubo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emizimbeni yethu. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-Metabolism : Inkqubo apho umzimba uguqula ukutya kube ngamandla kwaye usebenzise loo mandla.
• Ukukhula: Indlela esikhula ngayo sibe bade kwaye imizimba yethu ikhula ngayo.
• Ukuzala ngokwesondo: Izinto ezinje ngokufikisa kunye nokukwazi ukuzala.
• Ukulala: Ukulawula imijikelo yethu yokulala nokuvuka.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwengcali yeehomoni zabantwana kunye nengcali yeehomoni eziqhelekileyo?

Le yingxaki ebaluleke kakhulu. Abantwana abangobantu abancinci. Indlela imizimba yabo ekhula ngayo nendlela esebenza ngayo iihomoni zabo yahlukile kakhulu kubantu abadala. Iingxaki zeehomoni ezijongene nabantwana nazo zinokwahluka kwezo zijongene nabantu abadala. Iingcali zeehomoni zabantwana ngoogqirha abafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo malunga nendlela ezi ngxaki zeehomoni ezihambelana ngayo nokukhula nophuhliso lwabantwana. Ke ngoko, banokubonelela ngonyango oluthile kubantwana.

Yintoni eyenziwa yingcali yeehomoni zabantwana? Zeziphi iimeko abanyangayo?

Ingcali ye-endocrine yabantwana ixilonga, inyange, kwaye ilawule iimeko ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-endocrine yomntwana. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezi meko.

Iingxaki ze-adrenal gland

Ii-adrenal glands zethu zivelisa ii-hormones ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ezinye zeengxaki ezinokubakho kwezi glands ziquka:

• Isifo sika-Addison: Oku kwenzeka xa umzimba womntwana ungavelisi ngokwaneleyo iihomoni ezimbini, i-cortisol (ihomoni ephendula kuxinzelelo) kunye ne-aldosterone (ihomoni elawula amanqanaba etyuwa).
• I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia: Le yimeko yemfuza echaphazela ukuveliswa komntwana kweehomoni i-cortisol, i-aldosterone, kunye ne-androgen (uhlobo lwehomoni yamadoda).
• Isifo sikaCushing:Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-`(Hypercortisolism)`. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umzimba womntwana uvelisa i-`(Cortisol)` eninzi kakhulu.

Iimeko zamathambo kunye ne-calcium

Iihormone ezininzi zidlala indima ekugcineni amathambo ethu omelele kwaye zigcina amanqanaba e-calcium afanelekileyo.

• I-Hypercalcemia: Imeko apho inqanaba le-calcium egazini lomntwana liphezulu kunesiqhelo.
• I-Hypocalcemia: Imeko apho inqanaba le-calcium egazini lomntwana liphantsi kunesiqhelo.
• IiRickets: Esi sisifo esibangelwa kukunqongophala kweVithamin D. Oku kunokubangela ukuba amathambo abantwana abe buthathaka aze agobe.

Isifo seswekile kunye neemeko ze-metabolic

Iingcali zeehomoni zabantwana zikwanyanga iingxaki ezinxulumene nemetabolism, yindlela umzimba ovelisa ngayo amandla. Isifo seswekile sisifo esixhaphakileyo.

• Isifo seswekile sohlobo 1: Oku kwenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yomntwana (uhlaselo lwe-autoimmune) itshabalalisa iiseli kwi-pancreas ezenza i-insulin. Ngenxa yoko, i-pancreas ayikwazi ukwenza i-insulin.
• Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Kule meko, ipancreas ivelisa i-insulin, kodwa umzimba awukwazi ukuyisebenzisa kakuhle. Oku kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nokutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu: Yimeko enzima, ehlala ixesha elide apho amafutha amaninzi emzimbeni aqokelelana khona kwaye ayingozi empilweni. Oku kunokunxulunyaniswa nokungalingani kwamahomoni.

Iingxaki zophuhliso lwesondo

Ngamanye amaxesha, abantwana banokufumana iingxaki ekukhuleni kwabo ngokwesondo. Umzekelo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -atypical genitalia . Le yimeko engaqhelekanga yemfuza. Kwimeko enjalo, i-genitalia yangaphandle yomntwana isenokungabi nembonakalo eqhelekileyo yendoda okanye yebhinqa, kodwa inokuvela kwenye indawo phakathi. Ingcali yeehomoni zabantwana inokufumanisa ezo meko kwaye inike iingcebiso kunye nonyango olufunekayo.

Iingxaki ze-endocrine ze-genetic

Ezinye iingxaki zehomoni zinokubangelwa zizinto ezibangela ufuzo.

• I-Turner syndrome: Le meko ichaphazela amantombazana kuphela. I-chromosome enye okanye zonke ze-X azikho. Oku kuchaphazela izinto ezifana nokukhula kunye nokusebenza kwe-ovarian.
• Isifo sikaPrader-Willi: Esi sisifo esibangelwa yimfuza. Sichaphazela imetabolism yomntwana, nto leyo ebangela utshintsho emzimbeni nakwindlela aziphethe ngayo (umz., indlala egqithisileyo, iingxaki zokukhula).

Iingxaki ezinxulumene nokukhula kunye nokufikisa

Iihormone zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni komntwana kwaye zimncede afikelele kwinqanaba lokufikisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Iingxaki ezinokuvela kule nkalo ziquka:

• Ubude obufutshane:Umntwana mfutshane kune-95% yabantwana abalingana nabo abaneminyaka efanayo nesini. Kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku, esinye sazo kukungabikho kwamahomoni.
• Ukufikisa ngaphambi kwexesha : Ukuba intombazana ibonisa iimpawu zokufikisa (umz., ukukhula kwamabele kumantombazana, ukwanda kwamasende kumakhwenkwe) ngaphambi kweminyaka esi-8, okanye inkwenkwe ngaphambi kweminyaka esi-9, oko kuthathwa njengokufikisa ngaphambi kwexesha.
• Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo : Ukuba ukufikisa akuqali kude kube sexesheni kakhulu kunesiqhelo, oko kuthetha ukuba intombazana ayikabonakalisi zimpawu zokufikisa xa ineminyaka eli-13 ubudala okanye inkwenkwe xa ineminyaka eli-14 ubudala, kusenokuba kukufikisa okulibazisekileyo.

Iingxaki ze-pituitary gland

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-pituitary gland ivelisa iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngokusebenza kwale gland, iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela.

• Isifo seswekile: Oku akufani nesifo seswekile. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba umzimba ulahlekelwa ngumchamo omninzi kwaye awukwazi ukugcina amanzi ngokufanelekileyo. Unxano olugqithisileyo nalo luphawu loku.
• I-Hypopituitarism: Ukuveliswa okungaphelelanga kwehomoni enye okanye ezingaphezulu yi-pituitary gland kunokuchaphazela ukukhula, ukusebenza kwe-thyroid, ukusebenza kwe-adrenal, ukufikisa, kunye nokulawula ukunxanwa.

Iimeko ze-thyroid

Iingxaki ziyavela nokuba ubungakanani beehomoni eziveliswa yi-thyroid gland buphantsi okanye buphezulu.

• I-Goiter: I-thyroid gland ekhulisiweyo. Oku kunokwenzeka nakweyiphi na imeko apho amanqanaba eehomoni eqhelekile, ephantsi, okanye ephezulu.
• I-Hypothyroidism: I-thyroid gland ayikhuphi iihomoni ze-thyroid ezaneleyo egazini. Oku kunokubangela ukuba umzimba uyeke ukusebenza, kubangele ukutyeba, kwaye kubangele ukuqunjelwa.
• I-Hyperthyroidism: Imeko apho i-thyroid gland ivelisa i-hormone ye-thyroid eninzi kakhulu ize iyikhuphe iye egazini. Oku kunokubangela ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, ukwehla kobunzima, kunye nokubila okungakumbi.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa undwendwela ingcali yeehomoni zabantwana okokuqala?

Xa wena nomntwana wakho nidibana okokuqala nogqirha weehomoni zabantwana, ugqirha uza kunibuza okuninzi malunga neempawu zomntwana wakho, imbali yezonyango zosapho, kunye namayeza umntwana wakho awasebenzisayo ngoku . Uza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba . Ngamanye amaxesha, uvavanyo lwegazi kunye neeskeni zinokucetyiswa. Ungakhathazeki, konke oku kwenzelwa ukufumana umbono ongcono wemeko yomntwana wakho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha yonke into oyaziyo, nokuba incinci kangakanani na. Oku kuya kumnceda ukuba afumane uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Uba njani yingcali yehomoni yabantwana?

Kwakhona kulungele ukwazi oku. Ingcali ye-endocrinologist yabantwana ngumntu oqala ngokugqiba isidanga sezonyango ngokubanzi (iminyaka emi-4-5) aze emva koko afumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwi-pediatrics (malunga neminyaka emi-3). Emva koko, kufuneka bathathe eminye iminyaka emi-3 yoqeqesho olukhethekileyo (ubudlelane) kwi-endocrinology yabantwana, oko kukuthi, izifo zehomoni zabantwana. Olu qeqesho kufuneka luvunywe libhunga lemfundo yezonyango elivunyiweyo (njenge-Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education - ACGME). Ukongeza, isiqinisekiso esivela kumaziko avunyiweyo afana ne-American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) naso siqinisekisa ubuchule babo. Kungenxa yolu qeqesho lude abafumana ulwazi olunzulu ngale ndawo inzima.

Kodwa kwilizwe lethu, oko kukuthi, eSri Lanka, indlela yokuba yiNgcali ye-Endocrinologist yabantwana yahlukile kancinci. Yenziwa ngePGIM (Post Graduate Institute of Medicine) enxulumene neYunivesithi yaseColombo.

ESri Lanka, olu hambo luhamba ngolu hlobo:

1. Iziqinisekiso eziSisiseko (MBBS kunye ne-Internship): Okokuqala, kufuneka ufumane isidanga se-MBBS kwisikolo sezonyango, ugqibezele i-internship eyimfuneko, kwaye ubhalise kwi-SLMC.

2. Uviwo Lokungena (Uviwo Lokukhetha): Emva koko kuya kufuneka uphumelele "Uviwo Lokukhetha lwe-MD (Paediatrics)" oluqhutywa yi-PGIM. Olu luviwo olukhuphisanayo.

3. Uqeqesho Oluqhelekileyo Lwezonyango Zabantwana - Umbhalisi: Wakuba uphumelele uviwo, uya kuba neminyaka emi-3 yoqeqesho (ixesha loMbhalisi). Kule nto, uya kufunda kakhulu ngezonyango zabantwana ngokubanzi.

4. Uvavanyo lwe-MD: Ekupheleni kwale minyaka mi-3, kukho uVavanyo lwe-"MD (Paediatrics)". Ukuphumelela olu luvavanyo olusisiseko ukuze ube "ngugqirha okhethekileyo".

5. Ukukhethwa kweengcali ezingaphantsi: Emva kokudlula i-MD, umntu kufuneka agqibe ukuba uza kuya kweyiphi indlela. Apho, umntu kufuneka akhethe ingcali engaphantsi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Paediatric Endocrinology" (iihomoni zabantwana). (Oku kufumaneka ngokusekelwe kwiMfanelo kunye nezithuba zomsebenzi).

6. Uqeqesho lwasemva kwe-MD - Umbhalisi oPhezulu: Kulapho uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwiihomoni luqala khona. Oku kudla ngokuthatha malunga neminyaka emi-2-3.

   • Uqeqesho lwasekuhlaleni:Kufuneka usebenze malunga nonyaka kwicandelo leehomoni zabantwana kwisibhedlele esikhulu eSri Lanka.

   • Uqeqesho Lwamanye Amazwe: Kufuneka ufumane uqeqesho unyaka okanye emibini phesheya (ngokuqhelekileyo e-UK okanye e-Australia) kwiziko elaziwayo.

7. Isiqinisekiso seBhodi: Nje ukuba konke oku kugqityiwe, uya kuqinisekiswa njenge "Ingcali ye-Endocrinologist ye-Paediatric Certified Consultant" yi-PGIM.

Ngoko ke, njengenkqubo eqhelekileyo ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, naseSri Lanka, olu luhambo olufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu eminye iminyaka emi-6-7 emva kwe-MBBS.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

• Ukuba ucinga ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki enxulumene namahomoni, ukukhula, ukufikisa, okanye isifo seswekile, qala ngokuqhagamshelana nogqirha wosapho okanye nogqirha wezingane.
• Ukuba bacinga ukuba kuyimfuneko, baza kukuthumela kwi-endocrinologist yabantwana.
• Ezi ngcali ngoogqirha abanolwazi olukhethekileyo noqeqesho kwiingxaki zehomoni ebantwaneni. Banokuchonga ngokuchanekileyo imeko yomntwana baze banike izicwangciso zonyango kunye nolawulo olungcono.
• Khumbula, iingxaki zamahomoni zabantwana zahlukile kwezo zabantu abadala, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lweengcali.

Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana wakho unenye yezi meko, ungoyiki, kwaye funa ingcebiso efanelekileyo yezonyango. Kukho izisombululo zayo yonke into! IiHormone, IiPediatrics, Ukukhula, Ukufikisa, Isifo Seswekile, Inkqubo Ye-Endocrine, Ingcali YeeHormone Zabantwana