Ungathanda ukwazi okungakumbi nge "flu" (umkhuhlane) onayo nawe kule mihla?

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esicaphukisayo esifunyanwa ngabantu abaninzi kule mihla. Usenokuba ukhe weva nge "flu". Kwabanye, iyafika ize iphele ngaphandle komkhondo, kodwa kwabanye, inokuba nzima kakhulu kangangeentsuku. Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni le "flu", kutheni isenzeka, kunye nendlela yokuyiphepha.

Yintoni iFlu? Masifumanise ukuba yintoni kanye kanye.

Ngamafutshane, iFlu sisifo esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Influenza)` emzimbeni wethu. Ingabangela iimpawu ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu , iintlungu zomzimba , umphimbo obuhlungu , kunye nomkhuhlane. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokufika ziphele. Lo mkhuhlane usasazeka rhoqo, ingakumbi ngexesha leenyanga zasebusika . Unokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi ngaxeshanye, okubizwa ngokuba yi-epidemic.

Lithini ixesha lomkhuhlane?

Nangona umkhuhlane unokubakho nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka kwilizwe lethu, kumantla e-hemisphere (apho amazwe afana neMelika akhoyo), ixesha lomkhuhlane lidla ngokuthathwa njengeliqala ngo-Okthobha ukuya kuMeyi . Inani eliphezulu lamatyala lixelwa phakathi kukaDisemba noFebruwari. Nakweli lizwe lethu, unokubonakala usasazeka ngexesha lemvula nangexesha lemozulu ebandayo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo ibizwa ngokuba yiflu?

Enyanisweni, umkhuhlane sisifo esosulelayo esixhaphakileyo . Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zifumana umkhuhlane minyaka le. Ngoko ke asiyonto intsha kangako.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi komkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane?

Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayididayo. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye neempawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ziyafana. Izinto ezifana nempumlo egobhozayo kunye nokukhwehlela zinokubakho kuzo zombini.

Kodwa umahluko omkhulu kukuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo zihlala zincinci. Kodwa iimpawu zomkhuhlane zinokuba nzima, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zibangele iingxaki ezinkulu.

Ngaphezu koko, zombini ezi zifo zibangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane .

Ngaba ndinomkhuhlane okanye i-COVID-19? Ndingaqiniseka njani?

Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo kule mihla. Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye neempawu zeCovid-19 zinokufana kakhulu. Ukuze wazi kakuhle ukuba unantoni na, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uvavanywe. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba nezifo ezinzulu kuzo zombini ezi zifo. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba ezi zifo zimbini zibangelwa ziintlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane, oogqirha bazinyanga ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu xa kufikwa kumkhuhlane?

Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane, nto leyo ethetha ukuba banokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, usenokuba sengozini enkulu :

• Ukuba unesifo semiphunga esinganyangekiyo esifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD .
• Ngaphambi kwakho , izintso, isibindi , inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ,Ukuba ukhe waba nesifo sentliziyo okanye semithambo yegazi (umz. isifo sohlangothi).
• Ukuba unemeko echaphazela ukusebenza kwezihlunu zakho okanye eyenza kube nzima ukukhohlela, ukuginya, okanye ukususa umhluzi emiphungeni yakho .
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile .
• Ukuba inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka (umz., i-HIV/AIDS, umhlaza, okanye ukusebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa umzimba).
• Ukuba unesifo segazi esifana nesifo se-sickle cell .
• Ukuba i-BMI yakho ingaphezulu kwama-30 (oko kuthetha ukuba utyebile kakhulu) .
• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 okanye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
• Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo .
• Ukuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka eli-19 ubudala kwaye uthatha i-aspirin rhoqo .
• Ukuba uhlala kwindawo yokhathalelo lwexesha elide (umz., ikhaya labalupheleyo) .

Ukuba aba bantu bafumana umkhuhlane, unokubachaphazela kakhulu kunomntu oqhelekileyo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuba ulumke kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zomkhuhlane?

Iimpawu zomkhuhlane zihlala ziqala ngequbuliso . Nazi iimpawu eziphambili onokuzibona:

• Ifiva
• Ukuziva ubanda (Ukugodola)
• Iintlungu zomzimba (ingakumbi iintlungu zemisipha)
• Ukukhwehlela
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Umqala obuhkungu
• Impumlo egobhozayo okanye ukuxinana kwempumlo
• Ukudinwa, ukuziva ubuthathaka
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu okanye ukuhlanza (oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci)

Ayingabo bonke abantu abaya kuba nazo zonke ezi mpawu. Abanye abantu banokuba nazo ezimbalwa kuphela.

Kutheni sifumana umkhuhlane? Yintoni unobangela?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umkhuhlane ubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-influenza . Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeentsholongwane zomkhuhlane ezixhaphake kakhulu ebantwini: u-A, u-B, kunye no-C.

• Umkhuhlane u-A no-B zezona ntlobo zimbini ezixhaphakileyo ngokwexesha lonyaka (ingakumbi ebusika), kwaye iimpawu nazo zinzima ngakumbi.
• Iimpawu ze -influenza C azikho qatha kangako, kwaye azikho ngexesha lonyaka. Kunokubakho inani elifanayo lamatyala unyaka wonke.

Usenokuba ukhe weva nge- H1N1 (“umkhuhlane weengulube”) kunye nomkhuhlane weentaka . Zombini ziintlobo zentsholongwane yomkhuhlane A.

Ingaba umkhuhlane uyasulela?

Ewe, umkhuhlane ngokuqinisekileyo sisifo esosulelayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba usasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Umntu onomkhuhlane unokosulela omnye okanye ababini abanye abantu.

Umkhuhlane usasazeka njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane isasazeka ngokudibana ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo nomntu osulelekileyo. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo zokusasazeka komkhuhlane zezi:

• Xa umntu okufutshane ekhohlela, ethimla, okanye ethetha, amathontsi amancinci (`(amathontsi)`) awela ezandleni zakho okanye angene empumlweni nasemlonyeni wakho ngomoya. Emva koko intsholongwane iya emiphungeni yakho.
• Ngokuchukumisa indawo (umz. izibambo zomnyango, iitafile, iikhompyutha, iifowuni) enentsholongwane yomkhuhlane uze uchukumise ubuso bakho, impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo.
• Ngokuchukumisa izandla okanye ubuso bomntu onesifo somkhuhlane uze uchukumise ubuso bakho, impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba intsholongwane ingene emzimbeni ize ibangele ukugula?

Ukuba intsholongwane ifunyenwe, iimpawu zihlala ziqala ukubonakala kwiintsuku enye ukuya kwezine (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"incubation period").

Indlela yokuxilonga ngokuchanekileyo umkhuhlane?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuyixilonga iflu ngokubuza ngeempawu zakho aze athathe isampuli ye-mucus empumlweni yakho . Baza kuyithatha le sampuli ngokufaka i-swab ethambileyo, ende, nencinci empumlweni yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha ungafumana iziphumo kwimizuzu embalwa, okanye isampuli iya kuthunyelwa kwilebhu kwaye iziphumo ziya kufumaneka emva kosuku okanye ezimbini.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zomkhuhlane?

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banika amayeza okulwa nomkhuhlane ukuze banyange umkhuhlane. La mayeza angenza umkhuhlane wakho ungabi nzima kakhulu kwaye anciphise ixesha onalo. Kodwa abantu abaninzi banokuphela umkhuhlane ngaphandle kwala mayeza. Oogqirha banika la mayeza okulwa nomkhuhlane kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Ukuba iimpawu zikho ngaphantsi kweeyure ezingama-48, eli yeza alikwazi ukusebenza kakuhle ukuba iimpawu zikho ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini. Oku kungenxa yokuba ngelo xesha intsholongwane isasazeke kakhulu emzimbeni kwaye umzimba uqalile ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nayo.
• Ukuba unezinye iimeko zempilo ezingabonakaliyo okanye usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo esiqatha, oogqirha banokukunika eli yeza nokuba iimpawu bezikho kangangeeyure ezingaphezu kwama-48.
• Ukuba iimpawu zinzima kakhulu , amayeza anokunikwa nokuba isifo sithatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwesibini.
• Ukuba uhlala okanye ukhathalela abantu abanokuba neengxaki ezinkulu ngenxa yomkhuhlane.

Ngawaphi amayeza anikwayo omkhuhlane?

Kukho amayeza amaninzi e-antiviral omkhuhlane:

• I-Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu®) : Eli liyeza elithathwa ngomlomo, nokuba lipilisi okanye njengolwelo. Lidla ngokuthathwa iintsuku eziliqela.
• I-Zanamivir (Relenza®) : Eli liyeza eliphefumlwa nge-inhaler. Likwafuneka lisetyenziswe iintsuku ezininzi. Alikhuthazwa kubantu abaneengxaki zokuphefumla ezifana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD.
• I-Peramivir (Rapivap®) : Le inikwa njengotyando lwe-intravenous (IV) ngugqirha. Idla ngokunikwa ngedosi enye.
• I-Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza®): Eli liyeza elithathwa ngomlomo, nokuba lipilisi okanye ulwelo. Udinga ukuthatha idosi enye kuphela. Alifanelekanga kubafazi abakhulelweyo, oomama abancancisayo, abantu abaye balaliswa esibhedlele, kunye nabantu abanezinye iimeko zonyango.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale naliphi na iyeza lokulwa neentsholongwane, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngazo naziphi na ezinye iingxaki zempilo onazo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kula mayeza?

Iyeza ngalinye elilwa neentsholongwane linokuba nemiphumo eyahlukileyo, kodwa ezona zixhaphakileyo zizicaphucaphu kunye nokuphazamiseka kwesisu (urhudo) . Amayeza afunxwayo ngamanye amaxesha anokubangela i-bronchospasm.

Ungazilawula njani iimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya?

Abantu abaninzi banokukwazi ukulawula iimpawu zabo zomkhuhlane ekhaya. Amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (OTC) kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango zasekhaya zinokunceda:

• Phumla kakuhle.
• Sela iziselo ezininzi ezifana namanzi kunye nesobho. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukusebenzisa iibhotile zamanzi ashushu okanye iipakethe zokufudumala kunokunceda kwiintlungu zomzimba.
• Ungathatha amayeza anje nge `(Paracetamol (Tylenol®))` okanye `(NSAIDs)` (umz. `(Ibuprofen – Advil®, Motrin®)`, `(Naproxen – Aleve®)`) ukunciphisa umkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zomzimba.
• Izinto zokususa ukuxinana kwempumlo (izitshizi zempumlo okanye iilozenji) ezifana ne-phenylephrine okanye i-pseudoephedrine zingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iimpumlo ezivuzayo kunye nokuxinana.
• Ungathatha amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala, anjenge-dextromethorphan, ukuze uyeke ukukhwehlela rhoqo.
• Izinto zokukhupha iintlungu, ezifana ne-guaifenesin, zinceda ekukhululeni i-mucus emiphungeni.

Kubalulekile: La mayeza e-OTC awafanelekanga kuye wonke umntu. Ngoko ke, kusoloko kuyinto entle ukubonana nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uthathe naliphi na iyeza. Kubalulekile nokwazi ukuba la mayeza aya kusebenzisana na namanye amayeza owasebenzisayo. Musa ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16 ubudala i-aspirin ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha uyalele ukuba wenze njalo.

Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuthintela ukufumana umkhuhlane?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomkhuhlane kukufumana ugonyo lomkhuhlane minyaka le . Olu gonyo lunokunikwa njengenaliti okanye njenge-spray yempumlo. Kubalulekile ukufumana ugonyo minyaka le kuba intsholongwane yomkhuhlane iyatshintsha (iyatshintsha) ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ezinye iindlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko womkhuhlane ziquka:

• Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo. Ukuba isepha ayifumaneki, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
• Vala umlomo wakho nempumlo xa uthimla okanye ukhohlela. Kungcono ukukhohlela/ukuthimla engqinibeni yakho okanye kwithishu kunokuba ukwenze ngezandla zakho.
• Kuphephe ukusondelana nomntu onesifo esosulelayo, njengomkhuhlane.
• Ukuba uyagula kwaye kufuneka ube phakathi kwabanye abantu, nxiba imaski.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho, amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo rhoqo.
• Musa ukwabelana ngokutya, iziselo, okanye izitya (iipuni, iifolokhwe, iikomityi) nabanye.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane? Uza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani?

Uninzi lwabantu luyakwazi ukulawula iimpawu zomkhuhlane ekhaya baze baphile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki . Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yinto enzulu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukujonga iimpawu zakho kwaye ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba kuyimfuneko. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezingabonakaliyo.

Ukuba uneflu, kufuneka uphephe ukusondelana nabanye abantu, ngaphandle kokufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Umkhuhlane unokuhlala iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini . Iimpawu ezifana nomkhuhlane kunye neentlungu zomzimba zivela ngequbuliso, kodwa ziphela ngokukhawuleza kunezinye iimpawu. Izinto ezifana nokukhohlela kunye nempumlo egobhozayo zinokuhlala ixesha elide.

Ingaba umkhuhlane unokosulela ixesha elingakanani?

Ungosulela ukususela ngosuku olunye ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuba neempawu de kube malunga neveki emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile . Usosulela kakhulu emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezine emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile.Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka kunye nabantwana abancinci banokuba sesichengeni sosulelo.

Ndingabuyela nini emsebenzini/esikolweni?

Ukuze uthintele ukusasaza umkhuhlane kwabanye, kufuneka ulinde ubuncinane iiyure ezingama-24 emva kokuba umkhuhlane wakho uphelile ngokupheleleyo (ngaphandle kokuthatha amayeza okunciphisa umkhuhlane) ngaphambi kokuba ubuyele emsebenzini okanye esikolweni. Indawo yakho yokusebenza okanye isikolo sakho sinokuba nemithetho eyahlukileyo malunga noku, ngoko ke jongana nabo.

Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yomkhuhlane?

Intsholongwane yomkhuhlane ngokwayo inokubangela iingxaki, okanye ingenza buthathaka amasosha omzimba wakho kwaye ibangele usulelo lweentsholongwane (`(usulelo lwesibini)`). Ezona ngxaki zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Usulelo lwendlebe
• Usulelo lweSinus
• Usulelo olukhulu lwemiphunga (i-pneumonia) . Le pneumonia inokukhokelela kwiimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana ne-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Umama okhulelweyo usenokuba nesisu esiphumileyo .
• Umntwana okhulela esibelekweni sikamama okhulelweyo unokuba neziphene ze-neural tube (NTDs) .

Bangaphi abantu abafayo ngenxa yomkhuhlane? Okanye ngaba esi sisifo esibi kakhulu?

Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo lomkhuhlane kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, phakathi kwabantu abangama-20,000 nama-50,000 bafa ngenxa yomkhuhlane minyaka le.Kuqikelelwa ukuba abanye abantu abangama-300,000 ukuya kuma-500,000 baza kugula kakhulu kwaye kufuneka balale esibhedlele. Ngoko ke, kuyacaca ukuba esi ayisosifo esinokungahoywa lula.

Ngawaphi amaxesha afanelekileyo okubonana nogqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba unomkhuhlane, kubalulekile ukuba uvavanywe ngokukhawuleza . Oku kuya kukunceda ufumane amayeza alwa neentsholongwane ukuba ugqirha wakho ugqiba ekubeni akunike amayeza. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko ukuba:

• Ukuba uneempawu zomkhuhlane kwaye ukwiqela elisengozini enkulu.
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho aziphucuki emva kweentsuku ezisi-7-10, okanye ukuba unomkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu.
• Ukuba ungumama okhulelweyo kwaye unemfiva okanye ezinye iimpawu zomkhuhlane.

Kunini apho kufuneka uye kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezinye zezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka okanye ufumane ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza:

• Umkhuhlane ophezulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/40 Celsius).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Akukho okanye kuphuma umchamo omncinci kakhulu.
• Intlungu engapheliyo esifubeni okanye esiswini.
• Ndiziva ndinesizungu ngalo lonke ixesha.
• Ukudideka ( ukungaqiniseki ngento eyenzekayo).
• Intlungu okanye ubuthathaka obukhulu bemisipha.
• Umngxuma wokuqala- `(Ukuxhuzula)`) .
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (`(cyanosis)`) (oku kungaba luphawu lokungabikho komoya-mpilo owaneleyo egazini).
• Ukuba umkhuhlane okanye ukukhohlela kuyehla kuze kubuye kwakhona.
• Ukuba ezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ziya zisiba mandundu.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, kungcono ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Ndingawasela njani amayeza endiwanikiweyo?
• Loluphi uhlobo lwamayeza endingawathenga kwivenkile yezonyango ethengisa amayeza?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzulu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Kunini apho kufuneka ndiye kwigumbi longxamiseko?
• Ngaba ndingabuya ndize kukubona kwakhona?
• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile ngokupheleleyo?

Ingaba le `(influenza)` ikwabizwa ngokuba yi`stomach flu`?

Hayi. "I-stomach flu" yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-gastroenteritis . Ayibangelwa yintsholongwane ye-influenza. Ayinanto yakwenza nomkhuhlane wexesha esithetha ngawo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Nangona umkhuhlane sisifo esiqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba unokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi. Ukufumana ijekiseni yomkhuhlane (`(ijekiseni yomkhuhlane)`) yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela ekuguleni. Ingakhusela nabantu obathandayo kunye nabamelwane bakho.

Ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, okanye ukuba ukhulelwe, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana umkhuhlane. Akukho mntu ukhuselekileyo kumkhuhlane, kodwa abantu abaninzi banokuphila ngokuhlala ekhaya, besitya kakuhle (mhlawumbi nesuphu yenkukhu kunye nefilimu!). Kodwa ukuba kubi kakhulu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.