Ngaba unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla? (Imisebenzi Yobomi Bemihla ngemihla - ADLs) Masiqaphele oku!

Kukho izinto esizenzayo yonke imihla esingazicingiyo. Izinto ezinje ngokuvuka kusasa, ukuhlamba ubuso, ukuxukuxa amazinyo, ukunxiba, ukutya, ukuhlamba, nokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela. Ezi zizinto oogqirha abazibiza ngokuba yi -'Activities of Daily Living' (ADLs) . Ezi zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokugcina imizimba yethu isempilweni kwaye isebenza kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha, nokwenza le misebenzi ibonakala ilula wedwa kunokuba ngumceli mngeni kwabanye abantu. Makhe sithethe ngakumbi ngezi ADL namhlanje, akunjalo?

Zithini ii-ADL? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, (ii-ADL) zezona zinto zisisiseko esizenzayo ukugcina imizimba yethu isempilweni kwaye siphile ubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamacandelo amabini. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni - njengokutya, ukuhlamba, nokuya kwindlu yangasese. Ngaphandle kwezi zinto, bekuya kuba nzima ngathi ukuphila.

Elinye icandelo lemisebenzi enzima ngakumbi , eyimisebenzi ekunceda uphile ngokuzimela nangokuzimeleyo. Umzekelo, ukuphatha imali, ukuzisa ukutya ekhaya, ukulima igadi, kunye nokuhlamba impahla. Ukwenza ezi zinto kufuna ingcinga kunye nocwangciso.

Ngamanye amaxesha, khawucinge ukuba kufuneka wenze utyando oluncinci. Ungadinga uncedo ngezi ADL kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokufuna uncedo ngale misebenzi ixesha elide, mhlawumbi nobomi babo bonke. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokuba banemeko engapheliyo echaphazela amandla abo okushukumisa imizimba yabo, inkumbulo yabo, kunye nezakhono zabo zokusombulula iingxaki.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukuthetha ngezi ADL?

Xa undwendwela ugqirha okanye unyamekela ilungu losapho, iqela lezonyango lisenokuthetha ngezi ADL. Inyaniso kukuba, le ayingombandela ulula ukuthetha ngawo. Usenokucinga, "Owu, ngaba kuya kufuneka ndithembele kwabanye?" okanye, "Ngaba umama/utata uza kukwazi ukuhlala ekhaya ndedwa?" Olu loyiko kunye nokuxhalaba kuqhelekile kakhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha ngale nto ngokukhululekileyo nangokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho okanye neqela lezonyango lomntu omthandayo.

Baza kukuphulaphula baze baqonde into oyifunayo. Ngokuthetha ngayo ngale ndlela nokuqonda ukuba zeziphi iindlela onokukhetha kuzo, wena nosapho lwakho ninokwenza isigqibo esifanelekileyo. Ukulungiselela le ngxoxo, kuyanceda ukwazi ukuba oogqirha bathetha ukuthini xa besithi ii-ADL.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-ADL...

Sitshilo ngaphambili ukuba ii-ADL zahlulwe zibe ngamacandelo amabini.

1. Imisebenzi esisiseko yemihla ngemihla (ii-ADL ezisisiseko)

Ezi zizinto esizenzayo yonke imihla, ezibalulekileyo ekusindeni kwethu ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomzimba , kuba zinxulumene ngqo neemfuno zomzimba wethu.

Eminye imizekelo yee-ADL ezisisiseko:

• Ukutya:Ukuthabatha ukutya okusesityeni, ukufake emlonyeni wakho, uze ukutye ngendlela efanelekileyo.
• Ukuhlamba/Ucoceko Lobuqu: Ukuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela wedwa, ukuhlamba umzimba wakho, nokuzicoca. Oku kuquka ukuxukuxa amazinyo akho nokuhlamba ubuso bakho.
• Ukunxiba: Ukukhetha nokunxiba impahla ngokwakho. Izinto ezifana nokuqhobosha nokuzipha.
• Ukuzihlambulula: Ukuya kwindlu yangasese wedwa, ukwenza oko kufunekayo, nokuphuma ucocekile.
• Ukudlulisela: Izinto ezifana nokusuka ebhedini uye esitulweni, ukuvuka esitulweni, nokuhambahamba egumbini.
• Ukuhlala: Ukukwazi ukulawula amandla okukhupha indle nokuchama nanini na naphi na apho ufuna khona.

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Kukho umahluko phakathi kokwenza le ADL isisiseko nokuyenza ngokukhuselekileyo . Khawuthelekelele, ungahambahamba endlwini, kodwa uzive ungalungelelananga, okanye ukhe wawa izihlandlo ezimbalwa waza wasinda ngokulambisa. Ukuba kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha ngayo.

Kulula ukuyilibazisa, ucinge, "Owu, kunjengoko kunjalo xa usaluphala." Kodwa ukuba ufumanisa ukuba ukwenza le misebenzi ilula kunzima kunangaphambili, musa ukuvumela oko kukutyhafise. Xa uxelela ugqirha, banokucebisa ukuba wenze utshintsho olulula. Umzekelo, ukususa iikhaphethi ezityibilikayo ekhayeni lakho okanye ukufaka ii-grab bars kwigumbi lokuhlambela.

2. Ii-ADL zezixhobo zomculo (ii-IADL)

Le misebenzi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), inzima ngakumbi kune-basic ADLs. Ifuna izakhono zengqondo ezingaphezulu ukuze iyenze. Ii-IADLs azixhasi nje kuphela iimfuno zethu ezisisiseko zomzimba, kodwa kunye nempilo-ntle yethu iyonke. Ukuze wenze le misebenzi, kufuneka ukwazi ukucinga ngokuntsonkothileyo, ukugcina izinto zihlelekile, kwaye ukwazi ukuhambahamba ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya.

Eminye imizekelo ye-IADL:

• Ukulawula ikhaya: ukucoca indlu, ukolula iibhedi, ukukhupha inkunkuma.
• Ukulungiselela ukutya: Ukucwangcisa ukutya, ukulungiselela izithako ezifunekayo, nokukupheka ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Ukulawula amayeza: Ukusela amayeza ngexesha elifanelekileyo nangedosi efanelekileyo.
• Ukulawula imali: ukuhlawula amatyala, ukwenza iibhanki, nokusebenzisa imali ngobulumko.
• Ukuthenga: Ukwenza uluhlu lwezinto ozidingayo ekhaya, ukuya evenkileni, nokuzithatha.
• Ukusebenzisa ifowuni: Ukukwazi ukufowunela umntu nokuphendula iifowuni ezingenayo.
• Uthutho: Ukuhamba wedwa ngebhasi, uloliwe, okanye ukuqhuba imoto yakho okanye ukubhukisha iteksi.
• Ukuhlamba impahla:Ukuhlela, ukuhlamba, ukomisa, kunye nokusonga iimpahla.

Amaxesha amaninzi, xa abantu beqonda ukuba abanakukwazi ukwenza ezi IADL bodwa, baqala bacele uncedo ngale misebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu akaqondi nokuba ufuna uncedo ngee IADL de ilungu losapho okanye ugqirha akuxelele oko. Abantu abaninzi abafuna uncedo ngee IADL banokwenza ii ADL ezisisiseko ngaphandle kweengxaki.

Iimfuno zomntu zinokutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Umzekelo, umntu onengxaki yokuqonda kancinci okanye isifo se-Alzheimer esikwinqanaba lokuqala unokuba nobunzima bokwenza ezinye ii-IADL kodwa usenokungadingi ncedo ngee-ADL ezisisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko imeko iqhubeka, usenokuqala ukuba nobunzima bokwenza nee-ADL ezisisiseko.

Yingakho ukuvavanya ii-ADLs kudla ngokuba yinto eyenzeka kube kanye. Endaweni yoko, ababoneleli bezempilo, njengoogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye neengcali zonyango, banokujonga rhoqo amandla akho okwenza i-IADLs ezisisiseko kunye ne-IADLs. Bakhangela naluphi na utshintsho olunokubonisa ukuba ufuna uncedo olongezelelweyo.

Oogqirha bajonga nini ii-ADL?

Ukuba oogqirha bavavanya nini kwaye kangaphi amandla akho okwenza ii-ADL kuya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimbali yakho yezonyango kunye nemeko yakho yangoku. Ngokwesiqhelo, abahlengikazi kunye neengcali zonyango lomsebenzi banokujonga ukuba uzenza kakuhle kangakanani ezi ADL xa:

• Xa ulaliswe esibhedlele.
• Emva kokubuya esibhedlele.
• Ngethuba usaphila emva kotyando, ingozi yomzimba, ukwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, okanye isifo sohlangothi.
• Ukuba unesifo sokuwohloka kwemithambo-luvo, esifana nesifo sika-Alzheimer okanye isifo sika-Parkinson, esiye siwenze buthathaka kancinci kancinci inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Ukuba unesiphene sengqondo.
• Ukuba unengxaki yempilo yengqondo.

Zivavanywa njani ii-ADL?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuvavanya amandla omntu okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, banokukubona ngqo wena okanye umntu omthandayo esenza le misebenzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, babuza abantu abakhathalelayo ngento abayibonayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, umntu onengxaki ye-ADLs uza kuzixela ngokwakhe .

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela kunye ukuze bafumane ukuqonda okungcono kokuba umntu uyakwazi ukuzinyamekela kakuhle kangakanani kunye nohlobo loncedo aludingayo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni lungakanani na uncedo olufunekayo, oogqirha banokucebisa izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokutya ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ezifana neebhanti zokuhambisa ukuze kuncedwe umntu aphakamise.
• Ukwenza uhlengahlengiso ekhaya, njengokusebenzisa izitulo ezineendawo zokubeka iingalo ukuze kube lula ukuhlala nokuvuka ezitulweni.
• Ukuqesha ilungu losapho (umongi ongekho sikweni) okanye umncedisi wezempilo yasekhaya ukuze anyamekele.
• Ukuqwalasela ezinye iindlela zokuhlala, ezinje ngeendawo zokuhlala ezincedisayo okanye izindlu zabantu abadala.

Oogqirha basoloko bezama ukucebisa iindlela eziza kukugcina wena okanye umntu omthandayo ukhuselekile kangangoko.

Yintoni iKatz Index? (Isikali seKatz ADL)

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Katz ADL scale." Olu luluhlu lokuhlola olusetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuze bafumanise ukuba ungenza kakuhle kangakanani imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. I-"Katz ADL scale" ijonga ikakhulu ii-ADL ezisisiseko , kwaye ayijongi ii-IADL (imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi).

Isikali sika-"Katz ADL" silinganisa indlela onokwenza kakuhle ngayo ii-ADL ezintandathu (6) ezisisiseko. Ufumana amanqaku elinye (1) kumsebenzi ngamnye onokuwenza ngokuzimeleyo , kunye namanqaku e-zero (0) kumsebenzi ngamnye ofuna uncedo ngawo . Ngoko ke, unokufumana amanqaku aphezulu amathandathu (6). Okukhona amanqaku ephezulu, kokukhona unokwenza umsebenzi ngokuzimeleyo. Okukhona amanqaku ephantsi, kokukhona ufuna uncedo olungakumbi kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla.

Nazi ii-ADL ezintandathu ezisisiseko kwi-"Katz ADL scale" kunye nento ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ufumane amanqaku kuyo nganye yazo:

1. Ukuhlamba: Ukuba ungawucoca umzimba wakho wonke ngaphandle koncedo, okanye ngoncedo lwenxalenye enye yomzimba (umz., umqolo).

2. Ukunxiba: Ukuba ungakhetha kwaye unxibe zonke iimpahla zakho, kwaye wenze izinto ezifana namaqhosha, iihoko kunye namehlo ngokwakho (ungadinga uncedo lokubopha imitya yezihlangu zakho).

3. Ukuhlamba indlu yangasese: Ukuba ungaya kwindlu yangasese ngaphandle koncedo, hlala kuyo, uyisebenzise, ​​uze ubuye ucocekile.

4. Ukutshintshela kwenye indawo: Phuma ebhedini okanye esitulweni ngaphandle koncedo lomnye umntu, ukuba unako.

5. Ukuzibamba: Ukuba unolawulo olupheleleyo malunga nokuba uza kuchama nini kwaye phi .

6. Ukondla: Ukuba angathabatha ukutya epleyitini aze akufake emlonyeni wakhe eyedwa.

Oogqirha basebenzisa isikali seKatz ADL kunye nezinye izinto zokujonga okanye uvavanyo ukuze bafumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wento onokuyenza kunye nohlobo loncedo olufunekayo. Umzekelo, banokusebenzisa iLawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale ukuze babone ukuba ungayenza njani imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi, njengokulungiselela ukutya okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya.

Ukuba ufumana uluhlu lwe-ADL kwi-intanethi, kungcono uthethe nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba ulusebenzise wedwa. Nokuba uneenjongo ezintle kangakanani na, kulula ukungaluqondi kakuhle uluhlu olufana nolu okanye oko lukutshoyo. Ukuba unenkxalabo ngawe okanye umntu osapho lwakho, eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukuthetha nogqirha kwaye ufumane isikhokelo sakhe malunga nento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Le misebenzi yokuphila imihla ngemihla (ii-ADL) zizinto esizenzayo rhoqo kwaye zigxile nzulu ebomini bethu. Ngoko ke, asisoloko sicinga ngazo de wena okanye umntu omthandayo anikwazi ukuzenza. Kulapho ke imibuzo efana nale, "Luhlobo luni loncedo esiya kulufuna? Siza kulufuna ixesha elingakanani? Kuza kwenzeka ntoni kwikamva lazo zonke ezi zinto?" iqala ukuvela.

Imibuzo ifika engqondweni lula, kodwa ukufumana iimpendulo akusoloko kulula. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukwabelana ngeengxaki zakho nogqirha. Baza kuba bekulungele ukusebenza nawe kwaye bafumane izisombululo.

Ukuba uziva ulusizi, uxinezelekile, okanye udiniwe nje ngenxa yolu hlobo lokuxhalaba, cinga ngokuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo . Banokuqonda indlela oziva ngayo kwaye bakuncede ufumane iindlela ezilungileyo zokulawula olu tshintsho lobomi ngokulula. Khumbula, awuwedwa!

Imisebenzi yokuphila imihla ngemihla, ii-ADL, ii-ADL ezisisiseko, ii-ADL zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, ii-IADL, uvavanyo lwempilo, ukhathalelo lwabantu abadala, ubomi bokuzimela